Genetic components of maize heterotical contrasting tropical and subtropical populations.
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15517/am.v16i2.11867Keywords:
Heterotic patterns, hybridization, diallelic crosses, Tropical x Subtropical germplasm.Abstract
A diallelic cross
between 16 tropical and subtropical populations was formed
at Iguala, Gro., in the winter nursery 2002 - 2003. Crosses
and parents were evaluated during the 2003 growing season
at INIFAP Bajío Experimental Station, in Celaya, Gto,
Mexico. The objective was to identify the best populations to
support the heterotic structure in our breeding program and as
sources to derived new inbred lines. Data were analyzed
using the Gardner and Eberhart model, in which variance
components can be separated to estimate additive and nonadditive
genetic effects. Results showed that despite the
heterotic response involved in the formation of the
populations, the “tropical x subtropical” heterotic pattern was
expressed in specific combinations such PABG T x Sint “B”
IG and Sint PABG I ACG x Sint “A” IG, with grain yields of
12.5 and 12.4 t/ha respectively. These crosses presented
maximum values of specific heterosis which can be used for
developing high-yielding hybrids through reciprocal
recurrent selection. Tropical population Sint “A” IG
presented the highest varietal effect, and because of its good
adaptation in the subtropic is considered an outstanding
germplasm to be incorporated in the Bajío Maize Breeding
Program. The best value of varietal heterosis, which is an
indicator of General Combining Ability, was observed in
PABG I GH “A” synthetic which can be used as tester. More
detailed analysis will permit to take advantage of the
germplasm involved to benefit maize breeding programs.
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