Revista de Biología Tropical ISSN Impreso: 0034-7744 ISSN electrónico: 2215-2075

OAI: https://revistas.ucr.ac.cr/index.php/rbt/oai
The influence of four factors (temperature, density, oxygen and food) in the mark formation on the scales of juvenile tilapia
PDF (Español (España))
HTML (Español (España))

Keywords

Oreochromis niloticus
scales marks
growth
circuli spacing
juveniles
experimental study
Oreochromis niloticus
marcas en escamas
crecimiento
distancias inter-circuli
juveniles
estudio experimental

How to Cite

Ibañez, A. L., Castellanos, M., Rodríguez, A., & Álvarez, S. (2017). The influence of four factors (temperature, density, oxygen and food) in the mark formation on the scales of juvenile tilapia. Revista De Biología Tropical, 65(2), 613–622. https://doi.org/10.15517/rbt.v65i2.25897

Abstract

Oreochromis niloticus has been introduced worldwide into freshwater reservoirs and represents an alternative food for local populations. Two annual marks on fish scales have been reported for fish in these environments, one of them is allocated to reproduction, while the other is thought to be formed following low temperatures, a reduction in oxygen concentration and/or high densities, among others. In order to explore the causes of this second ring, we designed an experimental study to analyze the influence of four factors: a reduction in food amount, an increase in density, a decrease in oxygen concentration and temperature. The experiment was carried out using five 215 L plastic tanks, each one divided into two sections, so as to have treatment replicates (each with 20 juveniles). The control conditions were optimal for the species: 5% of body weight in food, a density of 3 fish/L, a total oxygen saturation of 4.98 ± 0.5 mg/L, and a temperature of 25.0 ± 1.0oC; the treatments varied as follows: food of 2.5% of body weight, density of 6 fish/L, oxygen of 2.8 ± 1.2 mg/L and a temperature of 19.6 ± 1.0oC. Fish responses to stressors were estimated through variations in length, weight and inter-circuli spaces or circuli spacing in fish scales. Every third day it was measured the concentrations of ammonium, phosphates and nitrates with a photometer. Three stages for length/weight fish measurements and scales sampling were considered: 1) Initial stage: before experiment started, 2) Final stage: at the end of the experiment, and 3) Compensatory stage: when all the experimental treatments were adjusted to the Control conditions; the experiments lasted for three weeks. The results indicated that all the treatments caused a reduction in length, weight and inter-circuli spaces when compared to the controls (6.7 ± 0.5 cm; 5.2 ± 1.2 g; 5.4 ± 0.5 mm, respectively), but only the variables of temperature and food resulted significant (5.6 ± 0.4 and 5.8 ± 0.5 cm; 3.4 ± 0.7 and 3.3 ± 0.9 g; 3.4 ± 0.3 and 4.1 ± 0.6 mm for temperature and food treatments, respectively) (P < 0.05). When treatments were reversed to the control conditions for another three weeks compensatory growth was observed in the oxygen and density treatments, but not in the same way for the temperature and food treatments. We concluded that inter-circuli distances are a good indicator to stress periods in this species.

https://doi.org/10.15517/rbt.v65i2.25897
PDF (Español (España))
HTML (Español (España))

References

Abdel-Tawwab, M., Hagras, A. E., Elbaghdady, H. A. M., & Monier, M. N. (2014). Dissolved oxygen level and stocking density effects on growth, feed utilization, physiology, and innate immunity of Nile Tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. Journal of Applied Aquaculture, 26, 340-355. DOI: 10.1080/10454438.2014.959830

Abdel-Tawwab, M., Hagras, A. E., Elbaghdady, H. A. M. & Monier, M. N. (2015). Effect of dissolved oxygen and fish size on Nile Tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (L.): growth, performance, whole-body composition, and innate immunity. Aquaculture International, 23, 1261-1274. DOI:10.1007/s10499-015-9882-y

Barber, W. E., & Walker, R. J. (1988). Circuli spacing and annulus formation - is there more than meets the eye - the case for sockeye salmon, Oncorhynchus-nerka. Journal of Fish Biology, 32, 237-245. DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8649.1988.tb05357.x

Beamish, F. W. H. (1970). Influence of temperature and salinity acclimation on temperature preferenda of the euryhaline fish. Tilapia nilotica. Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, 27, 1209-1214. DOI: 10.1139/f70-143

Beltrán-Álvarez, R., Sánchez-Palacios, J., Ramírez-Lozano, J. P. & Santiago-Amaya, J. A. (2014). Edad y crecimiento de tilapia Oreochromis aureus (Cichlidae) en el embalse Eustaquio Buelna, Sinaloa, México. Ciencia Pesquera, 22, 37-46.

Beltrán-Álvarez, R., Sánchez-Palacios, J., Valdez, G. L. & Ortega-Salas, A. A. (2010). Edad y crecimiento de la mojarra Oreochromis aureus (Pisces: Cichlidae) en la Presa Sanalona, Sinaloa, México. Revista de Biología Tropical, 58, 325-338. DOI:10.15517/rbt.v58i1.5213

Booth, A. J., Merron, G. S., & Buxton, C. D. (1995). The growth of Oreochromis andersonii (Pisces: Cichlidae) from the Okavango Delta, Botswana, and a comparison of the scale and otolith methods of aging. Environmental Biology of Fishes, 43, 171-178. DOI: 10.1007/BF00002488

Boyd, E. C. (2004). Farm-Level Issues in Aquaculture Certification: Tilapia. Report commissioned by WWF-US in 2004. Auburn University, Alabama 36831.

Bruton, M. N., & Allonson, B. R. (1974). Growth of Tilapia mossambica Peter (Pisces: Cichlidae) in Lake Sibaya, South Africa. Journal of Fish Biology, 6, 701-715. DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8649.1974.tb05113.x

Campana, S. E., & Neilson. J. D. (1985). Microestructure of fish otoliths. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Science, 42, 1014-1032. DOI: 10.1139/f85-127

Chervinski, J., & Lahav, M. (1976). The effect of exposure to low temperature on fingerlings of local tilapia (Tilapia aurea) (Steindachner) and imported tilapia (Tilapia vulcani) (Trewavas) and Tilapia nilotica (Linne) in Israel. Bamidgeh, 29, 25-29.

Ehrhardt, N. M. (1981). Curso sobre métodos en dinámica de poblaciones. Primera parte: estimación de parámetros poblacionales. FAO-INP, México, D.F.

El-Sayed, A-F. M. (2006). Tilapia culture. Cabi Publishing Oxfordshire U.K. 277 p. ISBN-13:978-0851990149

FAO. (2006). Programa de información de especies acuáticas. Disponible en versión electrónica en: http://www.fao.org/fishery/culturedspecies/Oreochromisniloticus/es (consultado el 18 de marzo del 2016).

Fagade, S. O. (1974). Age determination in Tilapia melanotheron (Ruppell) in the Lagos Lagoon, Lagos, Nigeria: with a discussion on the environmental and physiological basis of growth markings in the tropics.71-77 pp. En T.B. Bagenal, (Ed.). The Ageing of Fish. Unwin, Old Woking, Surrey, England. ISBN-13:978-0950212111

Fisher, J. P., & Pearcy, W. G. (1990). Spacing of scale circuli versus growth-rate in young coho salmon. Fishery Bulletin, 88, 637-643.

Fisher, J. P. & Pearcy, W.G. (2005). Seasonal changes in growth of coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) off Oregon and Washington and concurrent changes in the spacing of scale circuli. Fishery Bulletin, 103, 34-51.

Garrod, D. J. (1959). The growth of Tilapia esculenta Graham in Lake Victoria. Hydrobiologia, 12, 268-298. DOI:10.1007/BF00034913

Gómez-Márquez, J. L. (1998). Age and growth of Oreochromis niloticus (Perciformes: Cichlidae) in México. Revista de Biología Tropical, 46, 929-936. ISSN 0034-7744.

Gómez-Márquez, J. L., Peña-Mendoza, B., Salgado-Ugarte, I. H., & Arredondo-Figueroa, J. L. (2008). Age and growth of the tilapia Oreochromis niloticus (Perciformes: Cichlidae) from a tropical shallow lake in Mexico. Revista de Biología Tropical, 56, 857-884 DOI:10.15517/rbt.v56i2.5630

Hill R. W., Gordon, A. W., & Margaret, A. (2004). Animal physiology. Sinauer Associates inc. Sunderland Massachusetts U.S.A. 120 p. ISBN-13:978-0878938988

Isaac, V. (1990). The accuracy of some length-based methods for fish population studies. ICLARM. Technical Report, 27, 1-81 pp. ISBN-13:978-9711022860

Jiménez-Badillo, L. (2006). Age-growth models for tilapia Oreochromis aureus (Perciformes, Cichlidae) of the Infiernillo reservoir, Mexico and reproductive behaviour. Revista de Biología Tropical, 54, 577-588. DOI:10.15517/rbt.v54i2.13923

Kapetsky, J. M., & Nath, S. S. (1997). A strategic assessment of the potential for freshwater fish farming in Latin America. COPESCAL Technical Paper. No. 10. Rome, FAO. 128p. ISBN-13:978-9251039892

Kebus M. J., Collins, M. T., Brownfield, M. S., Amundson, C. H., Kayes, T. B., & Malison, J. A. (1992). Effects of rearing density on stress response and growth of rainbow trout. Journal of Aquatic Animal Health, 4, 1-6. DOI:10.1577/1548-8454(1999)061<0091:EOHRDA>2.0.CO;2

Kindle, K. R., & Whitmore, D. H. (1986). Biochemical indicators of thermal stress in Tilapia aurea (Steindachner). Journal of Fish Biology, 29, 279-288. DOI:10.1111/j.1095-8649.2008.02061.x

Likongwe J. S., Stecko, T. D., Stauffer, J. R., & Carline, Jr. R. F. (1996). Combined effects of water temperature and salinity on growth and feed utilization of juvenile Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus (Linneaus). Aquaculture, 146, 37-46. DOI:10.1016/S0044-8486(96)01360-9

Martínez, A. A. P., Cristina, C. S., & Ross, L. G. (1996). The effects of water temperature on food intake, growth and body composition of Cichlasoma urphthalmus (Gùter) juveniles. Aquatic Research, 27, 455-461. DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2109.1996.tb01275.x

Morales, D. (1991). La Tilapia en México, biología, cultivo y pesquerías. AGT Editor. México. 190 p. DOI:10.1016/S0165-7836(00)00133-8

Morales-Nin B. (2000). Review of the growth regulation process of otolith daily increment formation. Fisheries Research, 46, 53-67.DOI:10.1016/S0165-7836(00)00133-8

Nicovita. (2007). Manual de crianza de tilapia. Nicovita ALICORP. http://www. nicovita.com.pe/paginas/esp/tilapia.htm Fecha de acceso 18 de julio 2016.

Payne, A., & Collinson, R. (1983). A comparison of the biological characteristics of Sarotherodon niloticus (L.) with those of S. aureus (Steindachner) and other tilapia of the delta and lower Nile. Aquaculture, 30, 335-351. DOI:10.1016/0044-8486(83)90174-6

Pickering, A. D. ed. (1981). Stress in Fish. Academic Press, London, p. 367. ISBN-13:978-0125545501

Stauffer, J. R., Boltz, Jr. S. E., & Boltz, J. M. (1988). Cold shock susceptibitity of Blue Tilapia from the Susquehanna River, Pennsylvania. North American Journal of Fisheries Management, 8, 329-332. DOI:10.1577/1548-8675(1988)008<0329:CSSOBT>2.3.CO;2

Tachihara, K., Tokunaga, K., & Chimura, Y. (2002). Alien fishes in Okinawa Island, in “Handbook of Alien Species in Japan”. Ecological Society of Japan. Chijin-shokan, Tokyo, 248-249 pp.

Tran-Duy, A., van Dam, A. A., & Schrama, J. W. (2012). Feed intake, growth and metabolism of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in relation to dissolved oxygen concentration. Aquaculture Research, 43, 730-744, DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2109.2011.02882.x

Tresierra A. & Culquichicón, Z. (1993). Biología pesquera. Ed. Libertad, Trujillo, Perú. 288p.

Xie S., Zheng, K., Chen, J., Zhang, Z., Zhu, X., & Yang, Y. (2011). Effect of water temperature on energy Budget of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. Aquaculture Nutrition, 17, 683-690. DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2095.2010.00827.x

Wang, Y, Cui, Y., Yang, Y., & Cai, F. (2000). Compensatory growth in hybrid tilapia Oreochromis mossambicus X O. niloticus, reared in seawater. Aquaculture, 189, 101-108. DOI:10.1016/S0044-8486(00)00353-7

Wicki. G. A. 1997. Estudio de desarrollo y producción de tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Secretaria de Agricultura, Pesca y Alimentación. Subsecretaria de Pesca, Buenos Aires Argentina. 11 p.

Williams, K. (2000). Tilapia culture in cages and open ponds. Langston University Agricultural Research and Extension Programs. http://www2.luresext.edu/aquaculture/tilapia%20culture.htm (consultado el 28 de julio del 2016).

Wohlfarth, G. W., Hulata, G., Rothbard, S., Itzkowich, J., & Halevy, A. (1983). Comparisons between interspecific tilapia hybrids for some production traits. In: International Symposium on Tilapia in Aquaculture L. Fishelson and Z. Yaron (eds), Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel. 559-569 pp.

Yang, G., Ziwei, W., Jun-wook, H., & Jeong-Yeol, L. (2015). Body composition and compensatory growth in Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus under different feeding intervals. Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology, 33, 945-956. DOI: 10.1007/s00343-015-4246-z

Comments

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Copyright (c) 2017 Revista de Biología Tropical

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.