Abstract
Objective. The objective of this study was to adapt the NPI-13 for the Brazilian context, gathering psychometrics evidence. Method. A total of 520 participants completed the NPI-13, the Basic Values Questionnaire, the Five-Factor Inventory, and the Dirty Dozen. Results. The three-factor structure of the NPI-13 (Leadership/Authority, Grandiosity/Exhibitionism, Entitlement/Exploitativeness) was supported (TLI > 0.90; RMSEA < 0.08). Correlations were found between the NPI-13 with achievement values and the dark dyad (i.e., psychopathy and Machiavellianism). The Leadership/Authority and Grandiosity/Exhibitionism factors were consistently correlated with extraversion, while Entitlement/Exploitativeness was correlated with neuroticism. In summary, evidence was gathered for the NPI-13 in the Brazilian context, indicating that it is a useful measure for capturing the multidimensionality of the construct in Brazil.
Keywords: Narcissism, personality, scale, psychometrics.
References
Ackerman, R. A., Donnellan, M. B., Roberts, B. W., & Fraley, R. C. (2016). The effect of response format on the psychometric properties of the Narcissistic Personality Inventory: Consequences for item meaning and factor structure. Assessment, 23(2), 203-220. https://doi.org/10.1177/1073191114568113
Ackerman, R. A., Witt, E. A., Donnellan, M. B., Trzesniewski, K. H., Robins, R. W., & Kashy, D. A. (2011). What does the narcissistic personality inventory really measure? Assessment, 18(1), 67-87. https://doi.org/10.1177/1073191110382845
American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5ª ed.). American Psychiatric Association.
Ames, D. R., Rose, P., & Anderson, C. P. (2006). The NPI-16 as a short measure of narcissism. Journal of Research in Personality, 40(4), 440-450. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2005.03.002
Back, M. D., Küfner, A. C., Dufner, M., Gerlach, T. M., Rauthmann, J. F., & Denissen, J. J. (2013). Narcissistic admiration and rivalry: Disentangling the bright and dark sides of narcissism. Journal of personality and social psychology, 105(6), 1013-1037. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0034431
Barelds, D. P. H. & Dijkstra, P. (2010). Narcissistic Personality Inventory: Structure of the adapted Dutch version. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 51, 132–138. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9450.2009.00737.x
Blinkhorn, V., Lyons, M., & Almond, L. (2016). Drop the bad attitude! Narcissism predicts acceptance of violent behaviour. Personality and Individual Differences, 98, 157-161. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2016.04.025
Boldero, J. M., Bell, R. C., & Davies, R. C. (2015). The structure of the narcissistic personality inventory with binary and rating scale items. Journal of Personality Assessment, 97(6), 626-637. https://doi.org/10.1080/00223891.2015.1039015
Book, A., Visser, B. A., & Volk, A. A. (2015). Unpacking “evil”: Claiming the core of the Dark Triad. Personality and Individual Differences, 73, 29-38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2014.09.016
Brailovskaia, J., Bierhoff, H. W., & Margraf, J. (2019). How to identify narcissism with 13 items? Validation of the German Narcissistic Personality Inventory–13 (G-NPI-13). Assessment, 26(4), 630-644. https://doi.org/10.1177/1073191117740625
Buelow, M. T., & Brunell, A. B. (2014). Facets of grandiose narcissism predict involvement in health-risk behaviors. Personality and Individual Differences, 69, 193-198. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2014.05.031
Cavalcanti, J. G., dos Santos, J. O. A., Pimentel, C. E., do Nascimento, A. M., Trindade, M. A., & Pinto, A. V. L. (2022). Narcisismo, pró-sociabilidade e agressão: o papel mediador da empatia. Avances en Psicología Latinoamericana, 40(2), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.12804/revistas.urosario.edu.co/apl/a.9079
Coelho, G. L. H., Hanel, P. H., Monteiro, R. P., Vilar, R., & Gouveia, V. V. (2021). The dark side of human values: How values are related to bright and dark personality traits. The Spanish Journal of Psychology, 24, e11. https://doi.org/10.1017/SJP.2020.58
Del Rosario, P. M., & White, R. M. (2005). The Narcissistic Personality Inventory: Test-retest stability and internal consistency. Personality and Individual Differences, 39(6), 1075-1081. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2005.08.001
Doğan, U., & Çolak, T. S. (2020). Narsisistik Kişilik Envanteri-13 (NKE-13)’nin Türkçe Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması. OPUS International Journal of Society Researches, 15(26), 4166-4184. https://doi.org/10.26466/opus.635725
Emmons, R. A. (1984). Factor analysis and construct validity of the Narcissistic Personality Inventory. Journal of Personality Assessment, 48(3), 291-300. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327752jpa4803_11
Gentile, B., Miller, J. D., Hoffman, B. J., Reidy, D. E., Zeichner, A., & Campbell, W. K. (2013). A test of two brief measures of grandiose narcissism: The Narcissistic Personality Inventory–13 and the Narcissistic Personality Inventory-16. Psychological Assessment, 25(4), 1120-1136. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0033192
Glover, N., Miller, J. D., Lynam, D. R., Crego, C., & Widiger, T. A. (2012). The five-factor narcissism inventory: A five-factor measure of narcissistic personality traits. Journal of Personality Assessment, 94(5), 500-512. https://doi.org/10.1080/00223891.2012.670680
Gouveia, V. V. (2003). A natureza motivacional dos valores humanos: evidências acerca de uma nova tipologia. Estudos de Psicologia (Natal), 8(3), 431-443. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1413-294X2003000300010
Gouveia, V. V., Araújo, R. D. C. R., de Oliveira, I. C. V., Gonçalves, M. P., Milfont, T., de Holanda Coelho, G. L., Santos, W., de Madeiros, E. D., Silva, A. K., Pereora, R., Moura, J., Medeiros, T., da Silvaa, B., & Gouveia, R. (2021). A short version of the big five inventory (BFI-20): Evidence on construct validity. Revista Interamericana de Psicología/Interamerican Journal of Psychology, 55(1), e1312-e1312. https://doi.org/10.30849/ripijp.v55i1.1312
Gouveia, V. V., Milfont, T. L., & Guerra, V. M. (2014). Functional theory of human values: Testing its content and structure hypotheses. Personality and Individual Differences, 60, 41-47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2013.12.012
Gouveia, V. V., Monteiro, R. P., Gouveia, R. S. V., Athayde, R. A. A., & Cavalcanti, T. M. (2016). Avaliando o lado sombrio da personalidade: Evidências psicométricas do Dark Triad Dirty Dozen. Revista Interamericana de Psicologia, 50, 420-432. https://journal.sipsych.org/index.php/IJP/article/view/126/pdf
Hair, J. F. Jr., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2022). Multivariate Data Analysis (8th ed.). Cengage Learning.
Hauck-Filho, N., & Teixeira, M. A. P. (2014). Revisiting the psychometric properties of the Levenson self-report psychopathy scale. Journal of Personality Assessment, 96(4), 459-464. https://doi.org/10.1080/00223891.2013.865196
Jonason, P. K., Foster, J. D., Kavanagh, P. S., Gouveia, V. V., & Birkás, B. (2018). Basic values and the dark triad traits. Journal of Individual Differences, 39(4). https://doi.org/10.1027/1614-0001/a000267
Jonason, P. K., & Webster, G. D. (2010). The Dirty Dozen: A concise measure of the Dark Triad. Psychological Assessment, 22(2), 420-432. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0019265
Jones, D. N., & Figueredo, A. J. (2013). The core of darkness: Uncovering the heart of the Dark Triad. European Journal of Personality, 27(6), 521-531. https://doi.org/10.1002/per.1893
Jones, D. N., & Paulhus, D. L. (2014). Introducing the Short Dark Triad (SD3) a brief measure of dark personality traits. Assessment, 21(1), 28-41. https://doi.org/10.1177/1073191113514105
Kjærvik, S. L., & Bushman, B. J. (2021). The link between narcissism and aggression: A meta-analytic review. Psychological Bulletin, 147(5), 477-503. https://doi .org/10.1037/bul0000323
Kubarych, T. S., Deary, I. J., & Austin, E. J. (2004). The Narcissistic Personality Inventory: Factor structure in a non-clinical sample. Personality and Individual Differences, 36(4), 857-872. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0191-8869(03)00158-2
Levenson, M. R., Kiehl, K. A., & Fitzpatrick, C. M. (1995). Assessing psychopathic attributes in a noninstitutionalized population. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 68(1), 151-158. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.68.1.151
Levy, K. N., Ellison, W. D., & Reynoso, J. S. (2011). A historical review of narcissism and narcissistic personality. Em W. K. Campbell & J. D. Miller (Eds.), The Handbook of Narcissism and Narcissistic Personality Disorder (pp. 3-14). Wiley.
McCrae, R. R., & Costa Jr, P. T. (1997). Personality trait structure as a human universal. American Psychologist, 52(5), 509-516. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.52.5.509
McCrae, R. R., Kurtz, J. E., Yamagata, S., & Terracciano, A. (2011). Internal consistency, retest reliability, and their implications for personality scale validity. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 15(1), 28-50. https://doi.org/10.1177/1088868310366253
Miller, B. K., Nicols, K. M., Clark, S., Daniels, A., & Grant, W. (2018). Meta-analysis of coefficient alpha for scores on the Narcissistic Personality Inventory. PLoS One, 13(12), e0208331. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0208331
Monaghan, C., Bizumic, B., & Sellbom, M. (2016). The role of Machiavellian views and tactics in psychopathology. Personality and Individual Differences, 94, 72-81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2016.01.002
Monteiro, R. P. (2017). Tríade sombria da personalidade: conceitos, mediação e correlatos [Tese de Doutorado, Universidade Federal da Paraíba]. Repositório Institucional da UFPB. https://repositorio.ufpb.br/jspui/handle/123456789/12165?locale=pt_BR
Monteiro, R. P., Coelho, G. L. H., Hanel, P. H., Pimentel, C. E., & Gouveia, V. V. (2018). Personality, dangerous driving, and involvement in accidents: Testing a contextual mediated model. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 58, 106-114. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trf.2018.06.009
Monteiro, R. P., Coelho, G. L. H., Cavalcanti, T. M., Grangeiro, A. S. M., & Gouveia, V. V. (2022). The ends justify the means? Psychometric parameters of the MACH-IV, the two-dimensional MACH-IV and the trimmed MACH in Brazil. Current Psychology, 41, 4088-4097. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-020-00892-0
Monteiro, R. P., Monteiro, T. M. C., Maciel, V. C., Masotti, F. N. A., Freitas, I. M. S., & Candido, J. (2020). Essa eu vou postar: explorando as relações entre narcisismo, uso do Instagram e a moderação da autoestima. Psicología, Conocimiento y Sociedad, 10(2), 55-73. https://doi.org/10.26864/pcs.v10.n2.3
Pailing, A., Boon, J., & Egan, V. (2014). Personality, the Dark Triad and violence. Personality and Individual Differences, 67, 81-86. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2013.11.018
Paulhus, D. L. (2014). Toward a taxonomy of dark personalities. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 23(6), 421-426. https://doi.org/10.1177/0963721414547737
Paulhus, D. L., & Williams, K. M. (2002). The Dark Triad of personality: Narcissism, Machiavellianism, and psychopathy. Journal of Research in Personality, 36(6), 556-563. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0092-6566(02)00505-6
Pechorro, P., Nunes, C., Goncalves, R. A., Simoes, M. R., & Oliveira, J. P. (2019). Validation study of the Narcissistic Personality Inventory-13 among a school sample of Portuguese youths. Revista Iberoamericana de Diagnóstico y Evaluación–e Avaliação Psicológica, 50(1), 71-81. https://doi.org/10.21865/RIDEP50.1.06
Pincus, A. L., & Lukowitsky, M. R. (2010). Pathological narcissism and narcissistic personality disorder. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 6, 421-446. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.clinpsy.121208.131215
R Core Team (2021). R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. URL https://www.R-project.org/
Raskin, R. N., & Hall, C. S. (1979). A narcissistic personality inventory. Psychological Reports, 45(2), 590-590. https://doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1979.45.2.590
Raskin, R., & Terry, H. (1988). A principal-components analysis of the Narcissistic Personality Inventory and further evidence of its construct validity. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54(5), 890-902. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.54.5.890
Revelle, W. (2014). Psych: Procedures for Personality and Psychological Research. R package version 1.4.3. CRAN Project. http://cran.rproject.org/web/packages/psych/psych.pdf
Rosseel, Y. (2012). Lavaan: An R package for structural equation modeling. Journal of Statistical Software, 48, 1-36. https://doi.org/10.18637/jss.v048.i02
Svindseth, M. F., Sørebø, Ø., Nøttestad, J. A., Roaldset, J. O., Wallin, J., & Dahl, A. A. (2009). Psychometric examination and normative data for the Narcissistic Personality Inventory 29 item version. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 50(2), 151-159. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9450.2008.00686.x
Urbina, S. (2007). Fundamentos da testagem psicológica. Artmed.
Weiser, E. B. (2015). # Me: Narcissism and its facets as predictors of selfie-posting frequency. Personality and individual differences, 86, 477-481. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2015.07.007
Zell, A. L., & Moeller, L. (2017). Narcissism and “likes”: Entitlement/exploitativeness predicts both desire for and dissatisfaction with responses on Facebook. Personality and Individual Differences, 110, 70-73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2017.01.029
Żemojtel‐Piotrowska, M., Piotrowski, J., Rogoza, R., Baran, T., Hitokoto, H., & Maltby, J. (2019). Cross‐cultural invariance of NPI‐13: Entitlement as culturally specific, leadership and grandiosity as culturally universal. International Journal of Psychology, 54(4), 439-447. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijop.12487
##plugins.facebook.comentarios##

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Copyright (c) 2025 Renan P. Monteiro, Gabriel Lins de Holanda Coelho, Emerson Diógenes de Medeiros, Gleidson Diego Lopes Loureto, Carlos Eduardo Pimentel