Actualidades en Psicología

Restorative capacity of nature: A scale validation from Ulrich’s aesthetic perception

Tue, 23 Jan 2024 00:00:00 -0600

Objective. The purpose of the study was to determine the statistical validity of the Aesthetic Perception Scale (APS) from Ulrich’s Stress Recovery Theory in a Mexican sample. Method. The instrument was administered to 263 participants aged 18 to 24, of whom 76% were women. Exploratory factor analyses, confirmatory factor analyses, psychometric network analyses, and reliability analyses were conducted. Additionally, the instrument was administered in conjunction with the Restoration Perception Scale (RPS) to assess convergent validity. Results. Adequate goodness-of-fit values, levels of internal consistency, and validity were achieved. Four factors were identified, which explain 54% of the total accumulated variance. Results are discussed in terms of instrument validity and the comparison between analysis methods.

Place Attachment between Public Space, Identity and Citizenship. Case Study about a Chilean Public Square

Paloma Rojas Mora, Daniel Henrriquez Fernández, Mireya Palavecinos Tapia — Thu, 29 Feb 2024 00:00:00 -0600

Objective. To explore the meanings and uses associated to a public square in the city of Temuco, Chile. Method. It is a qualitative study, with a case study design. For data collection, situated interviews, participant observations, online surveys, and in-depth interviews with users of the square were applied in three successive stages. 211 volunteers between the ages of 18 and 65 participated in the study. Results. The main results show that there are differences linked with the uses of the square and the meanings associated with the place according to gender, age, time of residence and political tendency.

Mothers’ assessment of distance education in the COVID-19 pandemic

Maria Helena Pereira de Oliveira Araújo, Maria Edna Silva de Alexandre — Fri, 12 Apr 2024 00:00:00 -0600

Objetive. This study aimed to identify the evaluation of mothers about Distance Education (DE) for children during the COVID-19 pandemic. Method. About of 425 mothers participated in the study, with a mean age of 37.1 years (SD =7.28). Results. Data were collected through an online form and processed using the IRaMuTeQ software, which allowed performing Prototypical Analysis and Simulation Analysis. The analyzes showed that the mothers considered distance education as a necessary emergency alternative for the continuity of education, although it presents several difficulties for its effectiveness, especially in family mediation. In general lines, most rated distance education as little or not adequate for children.

Legal Factors at Work and Occupational Stress of Forensic Health Professionals: Meta-synthesis

João Paulo Nogueira da Silva, Janari da Silva Pedroso — Tue, 30 Apr 2024 00:00:00 -0600

Objective. The objective was to describe how the legal factors at work relate to the occupational stress of forensic health professionals. We sought to identify the main work factors that constitute occupational stressors for forensic health professionals. Method. A systematic literature review was carried out with meta-synthesis, based on the Cochrane method and PRISMA-P, with eleven articles retrieved between 1987 and 2020. Results. As a result, occupational stressors that affect forensic health professionals can be divided into psychological, organizational, and legal. The theoretical conception of occupational stressors is multifaceted such as organizational, psychological, and legal, as it assesses, analyzes, and emphasizes one of these aspects of occupational stressors, depending on the theory.

Self-efficacy and Motor Skills Acquisition: Systematic Literature Review in

Luísa Cammarota Belo, Luciana Xavier Senra — Thu, 23 May 2024 00:00:00 -0600

Objective. The goal of this paper was to provide a comprehensive overview of the literature focusing on the influence of self-efficacy on performance and learning of motor skills in adults. Method. A systematic literature review examining studies indexed in PubMed, Cochrane, Scielo, PsycArticles, and Pepsic databases was conducted. The following characteristics were extracted from the selected articles: authors and year of publication, publication journal, hypothesis (predictor and criterion variables), sample characteristics, and risk of bias using the PEDro scale. Results. Analysis of the sixteen studies reveals a positive association between self-efficacy and motor performance, and in some studies, with learning. Strategies used to influence self-efficacy varied considerably among studies. There is no consensus on the best approach to influence the interpretation of this construct in adult motor skills training.

Application of a mental imagery protocol for the promotion of implicit learning in university students

José Manuel Mora-Benambourg, Bradly Marín-Picado — Thu, 23 May 2024 00:00:00 -0600

Objective. The improvement of cognitive skills has become an issue of particular interest nowadays. It is still being determined if techniques like mental imagery (MI) could generate cognitive enhancement via modulation of neural brain activity. This study aimed to provide information on the impact of mental imagery on implicit motor learning. Method. To test this hypothesis, an MI protocol was applied to an experimental group before performing an implicit learning (IL) task, while a control group received a sham feedback protocol. In addition, to have empirical evidence of cortical activation during MI, we made an electroencephalographic (EEG) record of motor cortex activity during baseline and during the task associated with IL. Results. The ANCOVA models all together show how the MI protocol does impact the IL process, but not as clearly as expected.

Emotional response to music perception. A systematic review

Morena López, Nadia Justel, Verónika Diaz Abrahan — Fri, 21 Jun 2024 00:00:00 -0600

Objective. Emotional reactions to music result from the interaction between the characteristics of the piece, the listener, and the context where musical perception occurs. This work aims to investigate the role of the different characteristics of a musical event in emotional induction. Method. Following PRISMA 2020 guidelines, a search in academic databases (Redalyc, SciELO, ScienceDirect, PubMed y Taylor y Francis) was conducted, selecting 25 empirical articles which propose a relationship between a single exposure to music and psychophysiological response. Results. The reviewed articles suggest that the quality of emotional response to music mainly depends on its musical features, but personal and contextual factors associated with the involvement with the experience would be able to modulate the magnitude of this response.

Psychometric Evaluation of the Positive Emotions Questionnaire on Mexican Children

Norma Ivonne González Arratia López Fuentes, Martha Adelina Torres Muñoz — Wed, 26 Jun 2024 00:00:00 -0600

Objective. The aim of this study was to obtain evidence of empirical validity and accuracy of the Positive Emotions Questionnaire for Children. Method. The first aspect evaluates the underlying structure of five dimensions with exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and internal consistency, with 395 participants aged 10 to 13 years (M = 10.96, SD = .72). The second aspect tests the model with four and five factors with confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and analyzes the convergent validity between positive affect and resilience, and divergent validity with everyday stressors and negative affect in another sample of 467 participants (M = 11.19, SD = .76). Results. The five-factor structure (X²/df = 3.26, p = .000, CFI= .913, RMR= .069, TLI, =.900, RMSEA=.069) is confirmed with high reliability, factorial invariance, and convergent and divergent validity is demonstrated. Differences between boys and girls are reported. Further refinement of the model is recommended to have accurate instruments that measure the positive emotional experience in childhood.

Social Representations of COVID-19 of Mexican Older People: At the Beginning and Two Years After the Pandemic

Thu, 27 Jun 2024 00:00:00 -0600

Objective. To analyze the COVID-19 social representations (SR) of older Mexican people from Guadalajara, San Luis Potosí and Morelia, at the beginning and two years after the pandemic. Method. A qualitative exploratory study of two phases, identification of the content and the central nucleus and peripheral elements of the SR, was conducted on 49 older adults from the mentioned cities. Results. The SR in the at the beginning and two years after the pandemic show similarities in the central nucleus with the terms disease, death, fear, and confinement. The differences highlight danger and negative emotions in the former; vaccine and coping in the latter. This makes it possible to identify more elements for COVID-19 management and prevention in the second phase.