Effect on of in vitro fermentation of mixture of Tithonia diversifolia, Cenchrus clandestinum and polyunsaturated fats
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15517/ma.v28i2.25697Keywords:
polyunsaturated fatty acids, methanogenesis, silvopastoral system, in vitro digestibility.Abstract
The aim of this study was evaluated by in vitro, the effect of mixing wild sunflower (Tithonia diversifolia), kikuyu (Cenchrus clandestinum) and concentrated feed, with the addition of polyunsaturated fatty acids (AGPI) on the production of methane (CH4 ml/g MSd), dry matter digestibility (%DIVMS) and production of volatile fatty acids (AGV). The research was conducted in NUTRILAB laboratory (Medellin, Colombia) in September 2015. Three combinations of AGPI rich lipid sources were used with a total maximum inclusion level corresponding to 3% of incubated dry matter. Combinations of lipid sources were: SAGPI1: 0.5% soya oil, 0.5% sish oil, 2% rich in omega 3 bypass fat. SAGPI2: 1% Soya oil, 0.5% fish oil, 1.5% bypass fat rich in omega 3. SAGPI3: 2.5% Soya oil, 0.5% fish oil. A source of bypass fat (GSP) was also used. The results were processed using pre-planned test comparisons through the PROC MIXED-SAS.The methane production in vitro decreased (p<0.05), while the dry matter digestibility increased (p<0.05) 24 and 48 hours after wild sunflower was include and / or AGPI or both into the mixtures. In the molar ratio of AGV (%), acetic acid showed an increased presence. The inclusion of forage like wild sunflower and sources of AGPI supplementation in cattle, could be a strategy to reduce methane emissions without causing a detriment to the ruminal fermentation.
Downloads
References
Amorocho, A., T. Jenkins, and C. Staples. 2009. Evaluation of catfish oil as a feedstuff for lactating Holstein cows. J. Dairy Sci. 92:5178-5188.
Angarita, E.A. 2013. Efecto de la inclusión de un forraje tanífero sobre las poblaciones metanogénicas del ecosistema ruminal en condiciones in vitro e in vivo. Tesis MSc., Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, COL.
AOAC (Association of Official Analytical Chemists). 1999. Official methods of analysis of AOAC International. 16th ed. AOAC Int., Gaithersburg, MD, USA.
Apráez, J., J.M. Delgado y J.P. Narváez. 2012. Composición nutricional, degradación in vitro y potencial de producción de gas, de herbáceas, arbóreas y arbustivas encontradas en el trópico alto de Nariño. Liv. Res. Rural Dev. 24(3). http://www.lrrd. org/lrrd24/3/apra24044.htm
Arcuri, P., F. Ferraz, e J. Carneiro. 2006. Microbiologia do rúmen. En: T.T. Berchielli, A.V. Pires, e S.G. Oliveira, editores, Nutrição de ruminantes. FUNEP, Sao Paulo, BRA. p. 111-150.
Arenas, F., R. Noguera, y L. Restrepo. 2010. Efecto de diferentes tipos de grasa en dietas. Rev. Colomb. Cienc. Pecu. 231:55-64.
Avila, C., E. DePeters, H. Perez-Monti, S. Taylor, and R. Zinn. 2000. In uences of saturation ratio of supplemental dietary fat on digestión and milk yield in dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 83:1505-1519.
Beauchemin, K.A., M. Kreuzer, F. O’Mara, and T.A. McAllister. 2008. Nutritional management for enteric methane abatement: a review. Aust. J. Exp. Agric. 48:21-27.
Benchaar, C., G. Romero-Pérez, P. Chouinard, F. Hassanat, M. Eugene, H. Petit, and C. Côrtes. 2012. Supplementation of increasing amounts of linseed oil to dairy cows fed total mixed rations: effects on digestion, ruminal fermentation characteristics, protozoal populations, and milk fatty acid composition. J. Dairy Sci. 95:4578-4590.
Blümmel, M., A. Schröder, K. Südekum, and K. Becker.1999. Estimating ruminal microbial efficiencies in silage-fed cattle: comparison of an in vitro method with a combination of in situ and in vivo measurements. J. Anim Physiol. Anim. Nutr. 81:57-67.
Cambra, M., P. García, y F. Torres. 2008. Estimación de las emisiones de los rumiantes en España: el factor de conversión de metano. Arch. Zootec. 57:89-101.
Carmona, J.C., D.M. Bolívar, y L.A. Giraldo. 2005. El gas metano en la producción ganadera y alternativas para medir sus emisiones y aminorar su impacto a nivel ambiental y productivo. Rev. Col. Cienc. Pecu. 18:49-63.
Castagnino, P. 2014. In vitro fermentation parameters and biohydrogenation of vegetable oils without glycerol. MSc. Thesis, Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” University. http://repositorio.unesp.br/bitstream/handle/11449/113760/000803371. pdf?sequence=1 (accessed 12 jun. 2016).
Chavan, U., F. Shahidi, and M. Naczk. 2001. Extraction of condensed tannins from beach pea (Lathyrus maritimus L.) as affected by different solvents. Food Chem. 75:509-512.
Cieslak, A., Z. Varadyova, S. Kisidayova, D. Jalc, and M. Szumacher-Strabel. 2013. Effect of diets with fruit oils supplements on rumen fermentation parameters, fatty acid composition and methane production in vitro. J. Anim. Feed Sci. 22:26-34.
Cieslak, A., P. Zamora, E. Pers-Kamczyc, and M. Szumacher-Strabel. 2012. Effects of tannins source (Vaccinium vitis-idaea L.) on rumen microbial fermentation in vivo. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 176:102-106.
Cruywagen, C., E. Lategan, and L. Hoffman. 2003. The effect of rumen inert fat supplementation and protein degradability in starter and finishing diets on veal calf performance. SA J. Anim. Sci. 33:257-265.
Delgado, D., J. Galindo, R. González, N. González, I. Scull, L. Dihigo, J. Cairo, A. Aldama, and O. Moreira. 2012. Feeding of tropical trees and shrub foliages as a strategy to reduce ruminal methanogenesis: studies conducted in Cuba. Trop. Anim. Prod. 44:1097-1104.
Demeyer, D., et V. Fievez. 2000. Ruminants et environnement: la méthanogenèse. Ann. Zootech. 49:95-112. doi:10.1051/ animres:2000110
Deppenmeier, U., and V. Müller. 2008. Life close to the thermodynamic limit: how methanogenic archaea conserve energy. Results Probl. Cell. Differ. 45:123-152.
Doreau, M., and Y. Chilliard. 1997. Digestion and metabolism of dietary fat in farm animals. Br. J. Nutr. 1:15-35.
Ekeocha, A. 2012. Performance of growing west african dwarf ewe fed mexican sunflower leaf meal based diets. J. Rec. Adv. Agri. 1:69-76.
FAO. 2009. La larga sombra del ganado, problemas ambientales y opciones. http://www.fao.org/docrep/011/a0701s/a0701s00. htm (consultado 10 jun. 2016).
Fievez, V., F. Dohmeb, M. Danneels, K. Raes, and D. Demeyer. 2003. Fish oils as potent rumen methane inhibitors and associated effects on rumen fermentation in vitro and in vivo. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 104:41.
Fievez, V., B. Vlaeminck, T. Jenkins, T. Enjalbert, and M. Doreau. 2007. Assessing rumen biohydrogenation and its manipulation in vivo, in vitro and in situ. Eur. J. Lipid Sci. Technol. 109:740-756.
Gagliostro, G., y G. Schroeder. 2007. Efectos de la suplementación con sales cálcicas de ácidos grasos insaturados sobre la digestión ruminal en vacas lecheras en pastoreo. Arch. Latinoam. Prod. Anim. 15:85-97.
Galindo, J., N. González, Y. Marrero, A. Sosa, T. Ruiz, T. Febles, V.Torres, A. Aldana, G. Achang, O. Moreira, L. Sarduy, y A. Noda. 2014. Efecto del follaje de plantas tropicales en el control de la producción de metano y la población de protozoos ruminales in vitro. Rev. Cubana Cienc. Agríc. 48:359-364.
Galindo, J., N. González, I. Scull, Y. Marrero, A. Sosa, A. Aldana, O. Moreira, D. Delgado, T. Ruiz, G. Febles, V. Torres, O. La O, L. Sarduy, A. Noda, y O. Achang. 2012. Efecto de Samanea saman (Jacq.) Merr., Albizia lebbeck (L.) Benth y Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsl.) Gray (material vegetal 23) en la población de metanógenos y en la ecología microbiana ruminal. Rev. Cubana Cienc. Agríc. 46:273-278.
Galindo, J., N. González, A. Sosa, T. Ruíz, V. Torres, A. Aldana, H. Díaz, O. Moreira, L. Sarduy, y A. Noda. 2011. Efecto de Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsl.) A. Gray (botón de oro) en la población de protozoos y metanógenos ruminales en condiciones in vitro. Rev. Cubana Cienc. Agríc. 45:33-37.
Gallego, L.A., L. Mahecha, y J. Angulo. 2014. Potencial forrajero de Tithonia diversifolia Hemsl. A Gray en la producción de vacas lecheras. Agron. Mesoam. 25:393-403.
García-González, R., S. López, M. Fernández, and J.S. González. 2008. Dose-response effects of Rheumof cinale root and Frangula alnusbark on ruminal methane production in vitro. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 145:319-334.
Giger-Reverdin S., D.Sauvant, J. Tessier, G. Bertin, and P. Morand-Fehr. 2004. Effect of live yeast culture supplementation on rumen fermentation in lactating dairy goats. SA J. Anim. Sci. 34:59-61.
Gualberto, R., O. Souza, N. Costa, C. Braccialli, e L. Gaion. 2010. Influência do espaçamento e do estádio de desenvolvimento da planta na produção de biomassa e valor nutricional de Tithonia diversifolia (hemsl.) Gray. Nucleus 7(2):135-149.
Harfoot, C., and G. Hazlewood.1997. Lipid metabolism in the rumen. In: P.N. Hobson, and C.S. Stewart, editors, The rumen microbial ecosystem. Chapman and Hall, London, GBR. p. 382-426.
Hashem, R., and M. Harb. 2006. The effect of adding protected fat in the ration of lactating awassi ewes and fattening lambs. Jordan J. Agr. Sci. 2:35-44.
Hiai, S., H. Oura, and T. Nagakajima. 1976. Color reaction of some sapogenins and saponins with vanillin and sulphuric acid. Planta Medica 29:116-122.
IDEAM (Instituto de Hidrología, Meteorología y Estudios Ambientales). 1999. Cartas climatológicas mensuales, Aeropuerto Olaya Herrera (Medellín). http://bart.ideam.gov.co/cliciu/mede/temperatura.htm (consultado 10 jun. 2016).
IPCC (Panel Intergubernamental sobre Cambio Climático). 2007. Climate change 2007: synthesis report. https://www.ipcc.ch/ pdf/assessment-report/ar4/syr/ar4_syr_sp.pdf (consultado 10 jun. 2016).
Jacob, A., V. Balakrishnan, and C. Kathirvelan. 2012. Effect of amount and source of vegetable oils in a high brous cattle diet on in vitro rumen fermentation, nutrient degradability and rumen cis-9, trans-11 CLA concentration. J. Appl. Anim. Res. 40:148-153.
Jalc, D., S. Kisidayova, and F. Nerud. 2002. Effect of plant oils and organic acids on rumen fermentation in vitro. Folia Microbiol. 47:171-177.
Janssen, P. 2010. Influence of hydrogen on rumen methane formation and fermentation balances through microbial growth kinetics and fermentation thermodynamics. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 160:1-22.
Kongmun, P., M. Wanapat, P. Pakdee, C. Navanukraw, and Z. Yu. 2011. Manipulation of rumen fermentation and ecology of swamp buffalo by coconut oil and garlic poder supplementation. Liv. Sci. 135:84.
Kurihara, M., T. Magner, H. McCrabb, and G. McCrabb. 1999. Methane production and energy partition of cattle in the tropics. Brit. J. Nutr. 81:227-234.
La O, O., H. González, A. Orozco, Y. Castillo, O. Ruíz, A. Estrada, F. Ríos, E. Gutiérrez, H. Bernal, D. Valenciaga, B. Castro, y Y. Hernández. 2012. Composición química, degradabilidad ruminal in situ y digestibilidad in vitro de ecotipos de Tithonia diversifolia de interés para la alimentación de rumiantes. Rev. Cubana Cienc. Agríc. 46:47-56.
Liu, S.J., D.P. Bu, J.Q. Wang, L. Liu, S. Liang, H.Y. Wei, L.Y. Zhou, D. Li, and J.J. Loor. 2012. Effect of incremental levels of fish oil supplementation on specific bacterial populations in bovine ruminal fluid. J. Anim. Physiol. Anim. Nutr. (Berl.) 96:9-16.
Liu, H., V. Vaddella, and D. Zhou. 2011. Effects of chestnut tannins and coconut oil on growth performance, methane emission, ruminal fermentation, and microbial populations in sheep. J. Dairy Sci. 94:6069-6077.
López, S., and C.J. Newbold. 2007. Analysis of methane. In: H.P.S. Makkar, and P.E. Vercoe, editors, Measuring methane production from ruminants. IAEA, FAO, Springer, Dordrecht, HOL. p. 1-10.
Machmüller, A., D. Ossowski, M. Wanner, and M. Kreuzer. 1998. Potential of various fatty feeds to reduce methane release from rumen fermentation in vitro (Rusitec). Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 71:117-130.
Mahecha, L., J. Escobar, J. Suárez, y L. Restrepo. 2007. Tithonia diversifolia (hemsl.) Gray (botón de oro) como suplemento forrajero de vacas F1 (Holstein por Cebú). Liv. Res. Rural Dev. 19(2):16. http://www.lrrd.org/lrrd19/2/mahe19016.htm
Mahecha, L., y M. Rosales. 2005. Valor nutricional del follaje de botón de oro Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsl.) Gray, en la producción animal en el trópico. Liv. Res. Rural Dev. 17(9):100. http://www.lrrd.org/lrrd19/2/mahe19016.htm
Maina, I., S. Abdulrazak, C. Muleke, and T. Fujihara. 2012. Potential nutritive value of various parts of wild sunflower (Tithonia diversifolia) as source of feed for ruminants in Kenya. J. Food Agric. 10:632-635.
Makkar, H. 2003. Quanti cation of tannins in tree and shrub foliage. Determination of both tannin and protein. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dundrecht, HOL. https://books.google.com.co/books?hl=es&lr=&id=hvulr-9ok_wC&oi=fnd&pg=PR1&dq=Quantification+of+tannins+in+tree+and+shrub+foliage.+Determination+of+both+Tannin+and+protein&ots=FhAxrE1aVF &sig=CYD3MzgT-dDTxD-yUd8t3FJ5nAE#v=onepage&q=Quantification%20of%20tannins%20in%20tree%20and%20 shrub%20foliage.%20Determination%20of%20both%20Tannin%20and%20protein&f=false (accessed 22 jun. 2016).
Marín, A. 2013. Estimación del inventario de emisiones de metano entérico de ganado lechero en el departamento de Antioquia, Colombia. Tesis MSc., Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Medellín, COL.
Marín, A., L. Giraldo, y G. Correa. 2014. Parámetros de fermentación ruminal in vitro del pasto Kikuyo (Pennisetum clandestinum). Liv. Res. Rural Dev. 26(3). http://www.lrrd.org/lrrd26/3/mari26057.html
Martin, C., D. Morgavi, and M. Doreau. 2010. Methane mitigation in ruminants: from microbe to the farm scale. Animal. 4(3):351-365.
Martínez, A., M. Pérez, L. Pérez, G. Gómez, y D. Carrión. 2011. Efecto de las fuentes de grasa sobre la digestión de la fibra en los rumiantes. REDVET 12:7. http://www.veterinaria.org/revistas/redvet/n070711/071103.pdf
Mauricio, R., R. Ribeiro, S. Silveira, P. Silva, L. Calsavara, L. Pereira, and D. Paciullo. 2014. Tithonia diversifolia for ruminant nutrition. Trop. Grassl. 2:82-84.
McDougall, E.I. 1948. Studies on ruminant saliva. 1. The composition and output of sheep’s saliva. Biochem. J. 43:99-109.
Medina, M., E. García, L. González, L. Cova, y P. Morantinos. 2009. Variables morfo-estructurales y de calidad de la biomasa de Tithonia diversifolia en la etapa inicial de crecimiento. Zootec. Trop. 27:121-134.
Montgomery, S., J. Drouillard, T. Nagaraja, E. Titgemeyer, and J. Sindt. 2008. Effects of supplemental fat source on nutrient digestion and ruminal fermentation in steers. J. Anim. Sci. 86:640-650.
Moss, A.R., J.P. Jouany, and J. Newbold. 2000. Methane production by ruminants: its contribution to global warming. Ann. Zootech. 49:231-253.
Muetzel, S., E. Hoffmann, K. And Becker. 2003. Supplementation of barley straw with Sesbania pachcarpa leaves in vitro: effects on fermentation variables and rumen microbial concentration structure quantified by ribosomal RNA-targeted probes. Br. J. Nutr. 89:445-453.
Additional Files
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
1. Proposed policy for open access journals
Authors who publish in this journal accept the following conditions:
a. Authors retain the copyright and assign to the journal the right to the first publication, with the work registered under the attribution, non-commercial and no-derivative license from Creative Commons, which allows third parties to use what has been published as long as they mention the authorship of the work and upon first publication in this journal, the work may not be used for commercial purposes and the publications may not be used to remix, transform or create another work.
b. Authors may enter into additional independent contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the version of the article published in this journal (e.g., including it in an institutional repository or publishing it in a book) provided that they clearly indicate that the work was first published in this journal.
c. Authors are permitted and encouraged to publish their work on the Internet (e.g. on institutional or personal pages) before and during the review and publication process, as it may lead to productive exchanges and faster and wider dissemination of published work (see The Effect of Open Access).
