TY - JOUR AU - Cubilla-Ríos, Alberto Anastacio AU - Ruíz-Díaz-Mendoza, Dani Daniel AU - Romero-Rodríguez, María Cristina AU - Flores-Giubi, María Eugenia AU - Barúa-Chamorro, Javier Enrique PY - 2019/01/01 Y2 - 2024/03/28 TI - Antibiosis of proteins and metabolites of three species of Trichoderma against paraguayan isolates of Macrophomina phaseolina JF - Agronomía Mesoamericana JA - Agron. Mesoam. VL - 30 IS - 1 SE - Articles DO - 10.15517/am.v30i1.34423 UR - https://revistas.ucr.ac.cr/index.php/agromeso/article/view/34423 SP - 63-77 AB - <p class="Resumen"><span class="CharOverride-3">Introduction. </span><span class="CharOverride-4">Macrophomina phaseolina</span> is a necrotrophic fungus that is difficult to control. Biocontrol agents, like the species of the genus <span class="CharOverride-4">Trichoderma</span>, are an alternative for the management of crop diseases caused by this plant-pathogen.<strong><span class="CharOverride-3"> Objective.</span> </strong>The objective of the present work was to determine the antibiosis capacity of <span class="CharOverride-4">Trichoderma</span> <span class="CharOverride-4">arundinaceum</span>, <span class="CharOverride-4">T. brevicompactum</span> and <span class="CharOverride-4">T. harzianum</span>, against two isolates of <span class="CharOverride-4">M. phaseolina</span>. <span class="CharOverride-3"><strong>Materials and methods.</strong> </span>Experiments were carried out from October 2015 to March 2016. Three reference strains of <span class="CharOverride-4">Trichoderma</span> were used: <span class="CharOverride-4">T. arundinaceum</span> (IBT40837), <span class="CharOverride-4">T. brevicompactum</span> (IBT40841) and <span class="CharOverride-4">T. harzianum</span> T34 (CECT2413); and two isolates of <span class="CharOverride-4">M. phaseolina</span> (FCQ6 and FCQ9). Direct confrontation and antibiosis assays were performed, and profiling of proteins and metabolites secreted from <span class="CharOverride-4">Trichoderma</span>. <strong><span class="CharOverride-3">Results.</span></strong>The <span class="CharOverride-4">Trichoderma</span> species significantly inhibited the growth of both <span class="CharOverride-4">M. phaseolina</span> isolates in the direct confrontation assay, cellophane and/or dialysis membrane. In the direct confrontation trial, the greatest inhibition of fungal growth was observed at 96 h. <span class="CharOverride-4">M. phaseolina</span> isolated from sesame (<span class="CharOverride-4">Sesamum indicum</span> L. cultivar Escoba blanca) allowed the evaluation of the antifungal activity of the molecules of high and low molecular weight even up to 120 h. <span class="CharOverride-4">T. arundinaceum</span> maintained 100% growth inhibition in both cellophane and dialysis membrane indicating that low molecular weight metabolites were enough for complete growth inhibition of this <span class="CharOverride-4">M. phaseolina</span> isolate. In contrast, <span class="CharOverride-4">T. brevicompactum</span> and <span class="CharOverride-4">T. harzianum</span> demonstrated the importance of high molecular weight molecules for the maintenance of antifungal activity. In addition, the complexity of secondary metabolites and proteins secreted by the three <span class="CharOverride-4">Trichoderma</span> species was demonstrated. <strong><span class="CharOverride-3">Conclusion. </span></strong>This work is the first description of the antifungal activity of <span class="CharOverride-4">T. arundinaceum</span> and <span class="CharOverride-4">T. brevicompactum</span> against <span class="CharOverride-4">M. phaseolina</span> and also highlights the potential of fungi isolated from native soil as a biological alternative for the control of plant-pathogenic fungi of agricultural importance.</p><p>&nbsp;</p> ER -