Some Observations on the Remarkable Career of Richard G. Cooke

 

 

Anthony J. Ranere

 

Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States

ranere@temple.edu

 

 

 

Abstract: My goal in this presentation is to highlight some of the many accomplishments that have marked Richard Cooke’s career over the last five decades. Richard arrived in Panama in 1969 as doctoral candidate at the Institute of Archaeology, London University. His 1972 dissertation displays many of the scholarly practices that served him well throughout his career: (1) an encyclopedic approach that considers the widest possible range of information available on his subject, (2) collaboration with specialists in analyzing field data and (3) his own careful analysis of artifacts, particularly ceramics. In the decade after finishing his dissertation, Richard excavated additional ceramic sites as well as preceramic and historic sites. Concerned that the excavation of isolated sites was not providing us with a comprehensive view of Central Panama prehistory, we initiated the Proyecto Santa Maria in the 1980s, a long term interdisciplinary project that provided an overview of subsistence and settlement in Central Pacific Panama over a 13,000 year period. With this framework in place, Richard turned to directing extensive excavations in various sites, most notably Cerro Juan Diaz. Along the way, Richard has contributed major scholarly publications on too many topics to mention here, established one of the best comparative faunal collections in tropical America, mentored numerous students from Latin America and beyond, informed the general public through publications and presentations about Isthmus-Colombian deep history and collaborated in productive ways with numerous other researchers; I count myself fortunate to be one of them.

Keywords: Richard Cooke; Central American prehistory; Panama archaeology; faunal analysis; human-environment interactions.

 

Algunas observaciones sobre la extraordinaria carrera de Richard Cooke

Resumen: Mi objetivo en esta presentación es destacar algunos de los muchos logros que han marcado la carrera de Richard Cooke en las últimas cinco décadas. Richard llegó a Panamá en 1969 como candidato doctoral del Instituto de Arqueología de la Universidad de Londres. Su disertación de 1972 muestra muchas de las prácticas académicas que le sirvieron de apoyo a lo largo de su carrera: (1) un enfoque enciclopédico que considera la amplia gama de información disponible sobre su tema, (2) la colaboración con especialistas en el análisis de datos de campo y (3) su propio análisis cuidadoso de artefactos, en particular la cerámica. En la década después de terminar su disertación Richard excavó sitios cerámicos adicionales, así como sitios precerámicos e históricos (al igual que yo). Preocupados por el hecho de que la excavación de sitios aislados no nos proporcionaban una visión integral de la prehistoria de Panamá Central iniciamos el Proyecto Santa María en la década de1980, el cual es un proyecto interdisciplinario a largo plazo que ofreció una visión general de la subsistencia y los asentamientos en el Pacífico Central de Panamá durante un periodo de 13000 años. Con este marco de referencia, Richard dirigió extensas excavaciones en varios sitios, más notablemente en Cerro Juan Díaz. A lo largo del camino, Richard ha contribuido con importantes publicaciones académicas sobre muchos más temas de lo que se puede mencionar aquí, estableció una de las mejores colecciones de fauna comparativa en la América tropical, fue el mentor de numerosos estudiantes de América Latina y más allá, informó al público general a través de publicaciones y presentaciones sobre la historia antigua de la región Istmo- Colombiana y colaboró de manera productiva con numerosos investigadores; me considero afortunado de ser uno de ellos.

Palabras clave: Richard Cooke; prehistoria de América Central; arqueología panameña; análisis faunístico; interacciones humano-ambientales.

 

 

 

Introduction1

 

For all of us who participated in this round table, Richard Cooke is like the elephant being described by the blind. We all know parts of who this man is, but none of us know all the things that make Richard a remarkable scholar and beloved person. My goal here is to contribute my view of Richard over the 48 years that I have known him focusing mostly on his professional career.

 

 

Panama Prehistory BC (Before Cooke)

 

It is interesting to reflect on what little was known about Panama prehistory in 1969 when Richard first came to Panama. Best known was the rich cemetery of Sitio Conte, known primarily from the two volumes published on the site by Samuel Lothrop (1937, 1942; see also Mason, 1940, 1941, 1942). Lothrop (1950) had also published a volume on the archaeology of Veraguas as well as articles on other Panama topics including the important Playa Venado site (Lothrop, 1954, 1956, 1959, 1961, 1964). Cerro Mangote, excavated by Charles McGimsey (1956, 1958), was the only preceramic site known from the country. Fluted points, obviously Paleoindian in age, had been reported from surface collections from the eroded surfaces of Madden Lake / Lago Alajuela (Sander, 1959, 1964). Monagrillo was the only major excavated early ceramic site in the country (Willey and McGimsey, 1954). Olga Linares (1968) had just published a year earlier her monograph on the survey and test excavations in the Gulf of Chiriquí. Much earlier (Holmes, 1888; MacCurdy, 1911), publications on Chiriquí pottery from looted tombs were also on record. A small number of other publications on Panama archaeology by professional and amateur archaeologists also existed (e.g., Biese, 1964; Ladd, 1964). Radiocarbon dates were only available for four sites: Cerro Mangote, Monagrillo, Playa Venado and El Cangrejal in the Gulf of Chiriquí. The year 1969 was also when Olga Linares began her major research project in Western Panama, but only some preliminary results were available when Richard was writing his dissertation in 1972 (Linares and Ranere, 1971).

 

Richard arrived in Panama in 1969 and I arrived in 1970; we met shortly thereafter. We both ended up doing the field research that led to our respective PhD dissertations in 1972. His dissertation clearly shows that many of his research interests and skills that we have all come to expect from Richard were already in evidence: (1) his exhaustive knowledge of the relevant literature, (2) his detailed knowledge of material remains - ceramics in particular (Figure 1), (3) his understanding of the natural and human modified ecology, (4) his familiarity with the texts of the early Spanish chroniclers, (5) his collaboration with other scientists (6) his insights into the early human impact on the environment and the appearance of agriculture in Central Pacific Panama (Gran Cocle), (7) his focus on the dimensions of time and space in identifying cultural patterns in prehistory.

 

 

Richard was involved in a number of archaeological projects in the 1970s, including (1) excavating preceramic sites with Junius Bird in central Panama - Cueva de los Ladrones (Figure 2a) - and eastern Panama - Cueva Bustamante - as well as directing the excavation of the Hornito preceramic site in western Panama (Bird and Cooke, 1978; Cooke, 1977a), (2) expanding on his earlier excavations at Sitio Sierra (Cooke, 1977b), (3) conducting rescue excavations at sites including El Caño and Miraflores (Cooke, 1976a, 1976b), (4) directing the excavation in the Convent of Santo Domingo in the Casco Viejo (Cooke and Rovira, 1983), and likely a number of other things that I do not recall. Richard did visit and participate in my 1975 excavations at the Aguadulce Shelter (Figures 2b and 2c), a year after he and Junius Bird excavated Cueva de los Ladrones.

 

 

By 1979, when I was re-excavating Cerro Mangote, Richard and I had come to the conclusion that our small projects excavating individual sites over the years were not giving us answers to many important questions about Panama prehistory including the nature of the earliest occupations of Panama, the initial human adaptations to tropical forest habitats, the origins and development of agriculture, and changes in demography over time, among other things. As a result, we conceived of what we called the Proyecto Santa Maria and acquired funds from the National Science Foundation of the United States and the Smithsonian Institution to carry out a 5 year project from 1981 to 1985 in the Santa Maria River watershed in Central Pacific Panama (Cooke and Ranere, 1984, 1992). The project recorded 598 sites (Figure 3), over 100 with preceramic components, conducted excavations at 25 sites, some major in extent, and retrieved sediment cores from lakes and alvinas to collect data on environmental and vegetational histories. This multidisciplinary project provided a framework for changing environments, subsistence practices and settlement systems over the last 13,000 years.

 

 

In addition to co-directing the project, Richard intensified his efforts to assemble what has become one of the most comprehensive faunal comparative collections in the tropical America (Figure 4). As a consequence, Richard and his colleagues in the faunal wing of the STRI archaeology lab have been able to identify to species a remarkably large percentage of the faunal remains recovered from archaeological sites in Panama and other parts of the tropical America (e.g., Cooke, 1992, 1996; Cooke and Jimenez, 2004, 2008, 2009; Martinez, Jimenez and Cooke, 2009).

 

 

Throughout the 1980s and beyond, Richard cemented his position as the leading expert on multiple aspects of Panama prehistory through publications and both professional and public presentations. Topics included (1) the interaction between prehistoric populations and the environment (Cooke et al., 1985; Cooke, Jimenez and Ranere, 2007; Cooke and Piperno, 1993), (2) the relationships between indigenous populations, language and archaeology (Cooke, 1987, 2005) (3) birds, amphibians, terrestrial mammals, fish and other aquatic fauna in Central American prehistory (Cooke, 1984, 1989, 1992; Cooke et al., 2016; Cooke and Jimenez, 2008, 2009), (4) ceramics in Panama prehistory (Cooke, 1980, 1995, 2003; Iizuka, Cooke, Frame, and Vandiver, 2014; Sanchez and Cooke, 2000), (5) Gold and iconography in Panama and Costa Rican prehistory (Cooke, 1986; Cooke, Sanchez, and Udagawa, 2000; Cooke and Bray, 1985; Cooke and Sanchez, 1997), and (6) Historic archaeology in Panama City (Cooke and Rovira, 1983). In the 1980s Richard also organized and funded a workshop for archaeologists entitled “The analysis of organic remains in the archaeology of the New World Tropics” and a congress for Circum-Caribbean researchers entitled “Non-Imperial Polities in the lands visited by Christopher Columbus on his four journeys to the New World”.

 

In the 1990s Richard initiated excavations at the site of Cerro Juan Diaz, a large habitation site and cemetery in the valley of the Rio La Villa occupied from ca 300 B.C. until the 16th or 17th century (Figure 5). He directed and funded the major research effort at Cerro Juan Diaz that continued for nine years, involved numerous researchers and produced major insights into the lifeways and funerary rituals of the site’s inhabitants, and, more broadly, the Central Panama region (Cooke, 2001; Cooke, Sanchez, Isaza, and Pérez, 1998; Cooke and Sanchez, 1997; Mayo and Cooke, 2005). During this same period he also carried out experimental studies on fish and other marine fauna captured in estuary traps, and examined artisanal fishing practices (Cooke and Tapia, 1994a, 1994b). Richard produced numerous publications during the decade which included many topics directly related to Panama archaeological materials (e.g., ceramics, faunal remains, metallurgy, iconography), but also other topics that included the early settlement of Central and northern South America (Cooke, 1998a; Cooke and Piperno, 1993), native peoples in Precolumbian and Colonial Periods in Central America (Cooke, 1998b), the genetics of indigenous peoples and modern inhabitants of Panama (Arias et al., 1992; Kolman et al., 1995), and the taxonomy of marine catfish (Cooke, 1996) - among other topics.

 

 

In the 2000s and 2010s Richard continued on a trajectory of collaborating with more and varied researchers and getting involved in publications that were increasingly large in scope. This is best exemplified by two articles in the journal Science that looked at the collapse of coastal ecosystems (Jackson et al., 2001) and the degradation of coral reefs in global perspective (Pandolfi et al., 2003) with 19 and 12 authors respectively. Topics of other multi-authored publications included genetics of New World marine catfish (Betancur, Acero, Bermingham, and Cooke, 2007), starch grains from pre-Columbian chili peppers (Perry et al., 2007), Late Archaic fish fauna from southwest Mexico (Anikouchine et al., 2004), sociocultural transformations among native populations of Panama in the 16th century (Cooke, Isaza, Griggs, Desjardins, and Sánchez, 2003a), and the manufacture, exchange and display of gold in Precolumbian Panama (Cooke et al., 2003b). Most recently, Richard has collaborated with geneticists in examining the mitochondrial DNA and Y-chromosomal data from modern Panamanians that show the major contribution that, Native American females and, to a lesser extent, males have made to the ancestry of these modern populations (Perego et al., 2012; Grugni et al., 2015). Richard also initiated a long term research project in the Pearl Islands in 2007 that has generated multiple publications over the years including two recently published important multi-authored articles (Cooke et al., 2016; Martinez-Polanco, Jimenez, Buckley, and Cooke, 2015).

 

Over the years, Richard has been very generous with his time and knowledge to the many archaeologists and other researchers who have appeared at his door looking for advice and assistance. In his capacity as research scientist at STRI, Richard has mentored countless numbers of students from around the world, but particularly from Latin America, in both his field and laboratory projects. He has run workshops for aspiring archaeologists from Latin America, served on thesis committees for students from many countries and continues to mentor students in faunal analysis on an individual basis. Throughout his career, Dr. Cooke has been committed to making the information gained through scientific research available to the public. He has written countless articles in local newspapers, magazines and journals, and given even more public talks on the prehistoric and contemporary cultures of Panamá. He has also assisted in the development of museum displays in Panama for regional museums as well as the National Museum of Anthropology (Museo Antropológico Reina Torres de Araúz) and the new Frank Gehry designed Biomuseo in Panamá City.

 

Currently, Richard is engaged in a program to digitize the field records of archaeological surveys and excavations carried out by him and his collaborators in Panama over the past 5 decades. The number of field forms, journals, site maps, plan views, profiles, photographs, slides and other data now available only in paper, negatives and transparencies is daunting. And while a great deal of the information in these records is available in published form, much more can be learned using current investigative techniques and even more is likely to be learned in the future using methods that we cannot even imagine now. Digitizing these data and thus making them more widely available to other researchers in both the near and distant future insures that the valuable information generated by these previous projects will not be relegated to the dustbins of history.

 

Richard continues to be active on many fronts - research, writing, giving public talks, digitizing field records, mentoring students - and somehow manages to fit them all into his busy schedule. In this volume, we celebrate his past contributions and look forward to those in the future (Figure 6).

 

 

 

References Cited

 

Anikouchine, N., Cooke, R. G., Jimenez, M., Jones, J., Tapia, C., and Wake, T. A. (2004). A Closer Look at the Late Archaic Fish Fauna. In B. Voorhies (ed.), Coastal Collectors in the Holocene: the Chantuto People of Southwest Mexico (pp.207-299). Gainesville: University Press of Florida.

Arias, T. D., Barrantes, R., Jorge, L. F., Azofeifa, J., Carles, M., and Cooke, R. G. (1992). Estudio sobre los Cholos de Coclé - determinación de su mezcla racial y orígenes genéticos. Revista Medica de Panamá, 17(3), 180-187.

Biese, L. P. (1964). Prehistory of Panama Viejo. Bulletin of the Smithsonian Institution Bureau of American Ethnology, 191, 1-51.

Bird, J. B. and Cooke, R. G. (1978). La Cueva de los Ladrones: datos preliminares sobre la ocupación Formativa. In Actas del V Simposio Nacional de Antropología, Arqueología y Etnohistoria de Panamá (pp. 283-304). Instituto Nacional de Cultura, Panamá.

Betancur, R., Acero, A., Bermingham, E., and Cooke, R. G. (2007). Systematics and Biogeography of New World Sea Catfishes (Siluriformes: Ariidae) as Inferred from Mitochondrial, Nuclear, and Morphological Evidence. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 45(1), 339-357.

Cooke, R. G. (1972). The Archaeology of Western Coclé, Province (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). University of London, London, United Kingdom.

Cooke, R. G. (1973). Una mirada a la evolución de la cerámica en las provincias centrales. In Centro de Investigaciones Antropológicas, Actas del IV Simposium Nacional de Antropología, Arqueología y Etnohistoria de Panamá (pp. 308-365). Panama: Universidad de Panamá, Centro de Investigaciones Antropológicas.

Cooke, R. G. (1976a). Rescate arqueológico en El Caño (NA-20), Coclé. In Centro de Investigaciones Antropológicas, Actas del IV Simposium Nacional de Arqueología,Antropología y Etnohistoria de Panamá (pp. 447- 482). Panama: Instituto Nacional de Cultura.

Cooke, R. G. (1976b). Informe sobre excavaciones en el sitio CHO-3 (Miraflores), río Bayano, febrero de 1973. In Centro de Investigaciones Antropológicas, Actas del IV Simposium Nacional de Antropología, Arqueología y Ethnohistoria de Panamá (pp. 369-42). Panamá: Instituto Nacional de Cultura.

Cooke, R. G. (1977a). Recursos arqueológicos. Apéndice 7: evaluación ambiental y efectos del Proyecto Hidroeléctrico Fortuna. Lotería, 254-256, 399-444.

Cooke, R. G. (1977b). El hachero y el carpintero: dos artesanos del Panamá precolombino. Revista Panameña de Antropologia, 2, 48-77.

Cooke, R. G. (1980). Polychrome Pottery from the Central Region of Panama at Pitahaya (IS-3), Report 11. In O. F. Linares and A. J. Ranere (eds), Adaptive Radiations in Prehistoric Panama (pp. 376-384). Peabody Museum Monagraphs 5. Cambridge, Mass.: Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology, Harvard University.

Cooke, R. G. (1984). Los psitácidos en el Panamá Pecolombino. Boletín Harpía, 2.6-7.

Cooke, R. G. (1986). El motivo del ave de las alas desplegadas en la orfebrerá de Panamá y Costa Rica. In 45 Congreso Internacional de Americanistas 1985 (pp. 137-168). Bogotá: Universidad de las Andes.

Cooke, R. G. (1987). La arqueología del Panamá precolombino y su importancia para los estudios de los pueblos de habla Chibcha. In R. Barrantes, M. E. Bozzoli and P. Gudiño (eds), Memorias del Primer Simposio Cientifico sobre Pueblos Indigenas de Costa Rica (pp. 81-95). San José: Comcit, Universidad de Costa Rica e Instituto Geográfico de Costa Rica.

Cooke, R. G. (1989). Anurans as Human Food in Tropical America: Ethnographic, Ethnohistsoric and Archaeological Evidence. Archaeozoologia, 3(1), 123-142.

Cooke, R. G. (1992). Prehistoric Nearshore and Littoral Fishing in the Eastern Tropical Pacific: An Ichthyological Evaluation. Journal of World Prehistory, 6(1), 1-49.

Cooke, R. G. (1995). Monagrillo, Panama’s first pottery (3800-1200 cal bc): Summary of research (1948-1993) with new interpretations of chronology, subsistence and cultural geography. In W. K. Barnett and J. W. Hoopes (eds), The Emergence of Pottery: Technology and Innovation in Ancient Societies (pp. 169-184). Washington D. C.: Smithsonian Institution Press.

Cooke, R. G. (1996). Aportes preliminaries de la arqueozoología e etnología a investigaciones sobre la taxonomía, ecología y zoogeografía de las especies de la familia Ariidae en el Pacífico Oriental Tropical. Cespedesia, 21(67), 33-47.

Cooke, R. G. (1998a). Human settlement of Central America and northern South America, 14,000 - 8,000 BP. Quaternary International, 49/50, 177-190.

Cooke, R. G. (1998b). Subsistencia y economia casera de los indigenas precolombinos de Panamá. In A. Pastor (ed.), Antropología panameña: pueblos y culturas (pp.61-134). Panamá: Editorial Universitaria.

Cooke, R. G. (2001). Cuidando a los ancestros: rasgos mortuorios precolombinos en Cerro Juan Díaz, Los Santos. In S. Heckadon-Moreno (ed.), Panamá: puente biológico (pp. 54-62). Balboa, Panamá: Instituto Smithsonian de Investigaciones Tropicales.

Cooke, R. G. (2003). Los pueblos indígenas de Centroamérica durante las épocas precolombina y colonial. In A. G. Coates (ed.), Paseo pantera: una historia de la naturaleza y cultura de Centroamérica (pp. 151-196). Washington D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press.

Cooke, R. G., and Jiménez, M. (2004). Teasing Out the Species in Diverse Archaeofaunas: Is It Worth the Effort? An example from the Tropical Eastern Pacific. Archaeofauna, 13, 29-35.

Cooke, R. G. (2005). Prehistory of Native Americans on the Central American Land Bridge: Colonization, Dispersal, and Diverence. Journal of Archaeological Research, 70(2), 129-187.

Cooke, R. G., and Bray, W. (1985). The goldwork of Panama: an iconographic and chronological perspective. In J. Jones (ed.), The Art of Precolumbian Gold: the Jan Mitchell Collection (pp. 35-45). London: Weidenfeld and Nicholson.

Cooke, R. G., Isaza, I., Griggs, J., Desjardins, B., Sánchez, L. A. (2003a). Who Crafted, Exchanged and Displayed Gold in Pre-Columbian Panama? In J. Quilter and J. Hoopes (eds), Gold and Power in Ancient Costa Rica, Panama and Colombia (pp. 3-30). Washington D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks, Trustees for Harvard University.

Cooke, R. G., and Jiménez, M. (2008). Pre-Columbian Use of Freshwater Fish in the Santa Maria Biogeographical Province, Panama. Quaternary International, 185, 48-58.

Cooke, R. G. and Jiménez, M. (2009). Fishing at pre-Hispanic settlements on the Pearl Island archipelago (Panama, Pacific), 1: Pedro Gonzalez Island (4030-3630 cal BCE). In Makowiecki, D., S. Hamilton-Dyer, I. Riddler, N. Trzaska-Nartowski and M. Makohonienko (eds), Fishes-Culture-Environment Through Archaeoichthyology, Ethnography and History: The 15th Meeting of the ICAZ Fish Remains Working Group (FRWG), September 3-9, 2009 in Poznan & Turun, Poland (pp.167-171). Poznan: Bogucki Wydawnnictwo Naukowe. (Srodowisko I Kulture = Environment and Culture).

Cooke, R. G., Jiménez, M., and Ranere, A. J. (2007). Influencia humanas sobre la vegetación y fauna de vertebrados de Panamá: actualización de datos arqueozoológicos y su relación con el paisaje antrópico durante la época precolombina. In Leigh, E. G., Jr., E. A. Heere, J. B. Jackson and F. Santos-Granero (eds), Ecología y evolución en los trópicos (pp. 562-593). Panama: Editora Nova Art.

Cooke, R. G., and Piperno, D. R. (1993). Native American Adaptations to the Tropical Forests of Central and South America, Before the European Colonization. In C. M. Hladik, A. Hladik, O. F. Linares, H. Pagezy, A. Semple and M. Hadley (eds), Tropical Forests, People and Food (pp. 25-36). Paris: The Partenon Publishing Group.

Cooke, R. G., Piperno, D. R., Ranere, A. J.,Clary, K. H., Hansell, P., Olsen, Valerio, W., and Weiland, D. (1985). La Influencia de las poblaciones humanas sobre los ambientes terrestres de Panamá entre el 10,000 A.C. y el 500 D.C. In S. Heckadon-Moreno and J. Espinosa (eds), Agonia de la Naturaliza Ensayos sobre elcosto ambiental del desarrollo Panameño (pp. 3-25). Panamá: Instituto de Investigación Agropecuaria de Panamá and Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute.

Cooke, R. G., and Ranere, A. J. (1984). The “Proyecto Santa Maria”: a multidisciplinary analysis of prehistoric human adaptations to a tropical watershed in Panama. In F. Lange (ed.), Recent Developments in Isthmian Archaeology (pp. 3-30). Oxford: British Archaeological Reports, International Series 212.

Cooke, R. G., and Ranere, A. J. (1992). Prehistoric Human Adaptations to the Seasonally Dry Forests of Panama. World Archaeology, 24(1), 114-133.

Cooke, R. G., and Rovira, B. E. (1983). Historical Archaeology in Panama City. Archaeology, 36(2), 51-57.

Cooke, R. G., and Sanchez, L. A. (1997). Coetaneidad de metalurgia, artesanías de concha y cerámica pintada en Cerro Juan Díaz, Gran Coclé, Panamá. Boletín Museo del Oro, 42, 57-85.

Cooke, R. G., Sánchez, L. A., Carvajal, D., Griggs, J. D., and Isaza, I. I. (2003b). Transformaciones sociales y culturales de los amerindios de Panamá durante el siglo XVI: una perspectiva arqueológica y paleoecológica. Mesoamérica, 24(45), 1-34.

Cooke, R. G., Sanchez, L. A., Isaza, I. I., and Pérez, A. (1998). Rasgos mortuorios y artefactos inusitados de Cerro Juan Díaz, una aldea precolombina del ‘Gran Coclé (Panama Central). La Antigua, 53, 127-196.

Cooke, R. G., Sanchez, L. A., and Udagawa, K. (2000). Contextualized Goldwork from ‘Gran Coclé’, Panama: an Update Based on Recent Excavations and New Radiocarbon Dates for Associated Pottery Styles. In C. McEwan (ed.), Precolumbian Gold: Technology, Style and Iconography (pp.154-176). London: British Museum Press.

Cooke, R. G., and Tapia, G. (1994a). Stationary Intertidal Fish Traps in Estuarine Inlets on the Pacific Coast of Panama: Descriptions, Evaluations of Early Dry Season Catches and Relevance to the Interpretation of Dietary Archaeofaunas. Presented at the Proceedings of Meeting of Fish Working Group of the International Council for Zooarchaeology 51 (pp. 287-298). Offa, Nigeria.

Cooke, R. G., and Tapia, G. (1994b). Marine and Freshwater Fish Amphidromy in a Small Tropical River on the Pacific Coast of Panama: A Preliminary Evaluation Based on Gill-Net and Hook-and-Line Captures. In W. van Neer (ed.), Fish Exploitation in the Past (pp. 99-106). Tervuren: Annales du Musée de l’Afrique Centrale, Sciences Zoologiques.

Cooke, R. G., Wake, T., Martinez-Polanco, M., Jimenez-Acosta, M., Bustamante, F., Holst, I. ... Redwood, S. (2016). Exploitation of dolphins (Cetacea: Delphinidae) at a 6000 yr old Preceramic site in the Pearl Island archipelago, Panama. Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports, 6, 733-756.

Grugni, V., Battaglia, V., Perego, U. A., Raveane, A., Lancioni, H., Olivieri, A. ... Semino, O. (2015). Exploring the Y Chromosomal Ancestry of Modern Panamanians. PloS One, 10(12), e0144223. doi: 10.1371/journal.Pone.0144223

Holmes, W. H. (1888). Ancient art of the province of Chiriquí. Smithsonian Institution, Bureau of American Ethnology 6th Annual Report 1884-1885. Washington: Government Printing Office.

Iizuka, F., Cooke, R. G., Frame, L., and Vandiver, P. B. (2014). Inferring Provenance, Manufacturing Technique, and Firing Temperatures of the Monagrillo Ware (3520-1300 cal BC, Panama’s first pottery. In M. Martinon-Torres (ed.), Craft and Science: International Perspectives on Archaeological Ceramics (pp. 19-20). Doha, Qatar: Bloomsbury Qatar Foundation.

Jackson, J. B. C., Kirby, M. X., Berger, W. H., Bjorndal, K. A., Botsford, L. W., Bourque, B. J. … Warner, R. R. (2001). Historical Overfishing and the Recent Collapse of Coastal Ecosystems. Science, 293(5530), 629-637.

Kolman, C. J., Bermingham, E., Cooke, R. G., Ward, R. H., Arias, T. D., Guionneau-Sinclair, F. (1995). Reduced mtDNA diversity in the Ngobe Amerinds of Panama. Genetics, 140(1), 275-283.

Ladd, J., (1964). Archaeological investigations in the Parita and Santa María zones of Panama. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Bureau of the American Ethnology, Bulletin 193.

Linares, O. F. (1968). Cultural Chronology of the Gulf of Chiriquí (Smithsonian Contributions to Anthropology 8). Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press.

Linares, O. F., and Ranere, A. J. (1971). Human Adaptations to the Tropical Forests of Western Panama. Archaeology, 24(4), 346-355.

Lothrop, S. K. (1937). Coclé: An Archaeological Study of Central Panama, Pt. 1 (Memoirs of the Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology 7). Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University.

Lothrop, S. K. (1942). Coclé: an Archaeological Study of Central Panama, pt. 2 (Memoirs of the Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology 8). Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University.

Lothrop, S. K. (1950). Archaeology of Southern Veraguas, Panama (Memoirs of the Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology 9(3)). Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University.

Lothrop, S. K. (1954). Suicide, Sacrifice and Mutilations in Burials at Venado Beach, Panama. American Antiquity, 19(3), 226-234.

Lothrop, S. K. (1956). Jewelry from the Panama Canal Zone. Archaeology, 9(1), 34-40.

Lothrop, S. K. (1959). A Re-Appraisal of Isthmian Archaeology. Amerikanistische Miszellen, Mitteilungenaus dem Museum für Völkerkunde, 25, 87-91.

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Cuadernos de Antropología

Julio-Diciembre 2019, 29(2)

DOI: 10.15517/cat.v29i2.36753

Recibido: 15-02-2018 / Aceptado: 25-06-2018

 

Revista del Laboratorio de Etnología María Eugenia Bozzoli Vargas

Centro de Investigaciones Antropológicas, Escuela de Antropología, Universidad de Costa Rica

ISSN 2215-356X