Actualidades en Psicología (AP) is an official publication of the University of Costa Rica sponsored by the Psychological Research Institute (IIP, for its initials in Spanish), an entity belonging to the same university. Its objective is to promote scientific production in all fields of psychological science and associated fields, which is achieved via the publication of original and unpublished articles that present results of empirical research, mixed studies, methodological contributions, narrative states of the art, meta-analyses and literature reviews. This freely accessible journal is aimed primarily at students and professionals in the area of psychology and related sciences. The journal publishes in Spanish, English and Portuguese. The journal has been published continuously since 2018; i.e., article are published one at the time until the complete issue is compiled (issue closings are held in June and December). The journal’s call for papers is likewise open and permanent; thus, authors are welcome to submit their manuscripts throughout the year. The submissions should reflect the guidance provided under “Authors Guidelines.” Submission, revision and processing of manuscripts is free of charge. The journal is interested in original research contributions to the psychological sciences, which must respect and adhere to the highest ethical and scientific rules. Current Trends in Psychology seeks to encourage scientific investigation, to promote the discussion of relevant ideas for psychological sciences, and to disseminate professional and academic information relevant to the discipline. The journal currently ranks high in the UCRIndex. Furthermore, it is indexed in: PsycINFO , la base de datos de la Asociación Americana de Psicología SCIELO , Biblioteca Científica Electrónica en Línea-Brasil REDALYC , red de revistas para América Latina, el Caribe, Portugal y España PEPSIC , Revistas Electrónicas de Psicología – Brasil DIALNET , base de datos de revistas españolas y latinoamericanas DOAJ , Directorio de revistas de acceso abierto; Universidad de Lund, Suecia LATINDEX , Sistema regional de información en línea para revistas científicas de América Latina, el Caribe, España y Portugal REDBIB , Red Iberoamericana de Innovación y Conocimiento Científico CLASE , Citas Latinoamericanas en Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades Google Académico ESCI (Índice de citas de fuentes emergentes) SCOPUS
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COVID Stress Scales (CSS): Psychometric Evidence in the Brazilian Context
Objective. Adapt the COVID Stress Scales (CSS), gathering psychometric evidence, and to verify the pattern of relationship with anxiety compared to COVID-19. Method. Two studies were carried out with participants from different Brazilian states. In the first (n = 423) the exploratory factor analysis suggested a pentafactorial structure. In the second (n = 300), a confirmatory factor analysis was performed, testing a pentafactorial model. Evidence of convergent and discriminant validity was gathered. Pearson’s correlation (r) was performed, which showed positive and statistically significant relationships between anxiety and stress in the face of COVID, indicating validity based on external measure. Results. Satisfactory internal consistency was found in both studies. It is concluded that the CSS is valid and reliable and can assist in the assessment of individuals with stress caused by the COVID pandemic and its correlated factors.
Copyright (c) 2022 Rislay Carolinne Silva Brito, Sandra Elisa de Assis Freire, Paulo Gregório Nascimento da Silva http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Social Media Jealousy and Life Satisfaction in Romantic Relationships: Mediation Role of Communication Skills
Objective. The main aim of this study is to examine the mediation role of communication skills in the relationship between social media jealousy and life satisfaction in individuals with romantic relationships. Method. The sample group of the study consisted of a total of 445 individuals who have a romantic relationship, 228 females and 217 males aged from 18 to 31 in the period of emerging adulthood. The mean age of participants in the study was 23.49 (SD = 3.29). In order to gather data Social Media Jealousy Scale, Life Satisfaction Scale and Communication Skills Scale. Results. According to the findings of the study, social media jealousy negatively predicted life satisfaction. The main focus and other important finding of the study was that communication skills mediated the relationship between social media jealousy and life satisfaction. This study emphasises the mediating role of communication skills between social media jealousy and life satisfaction in individuals with romantic relationships and suggests that developing and strengthening communication skills. This study points to an important area in terms of understanding and improving the effects of social media interactions on emotional experience and life satisfaction.
Copyright (c) 2023 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Javier Prado, Servicio Aragonés de Salud, España Dora Herrera, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Perú Norman Moreno, Universidad de San Buenaventura, Colombia Ana María Jurado, Universidad de Costa Rica, Costa Rica Pedro Crocce Carlotto, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Brasil Fernanda Robert Ferrel, Universidad de Madgalena, Colombia Vicente Morell Mengual, Universidad de Valencia, España Luis Diego Conejo, Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica Pedro Cortez, Universidade Metodista de São Paulo, Brasil Ana Paula Couto, Universidade Federal di Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil Evelin Fernández Castillo, Universidad Central “Marta Abreu” de Las Villas, Cuba Yunier Broche, Universidad Central “Marta Abreu” de Las Villas, Cuba Catalina Argüello, Universidad Internacional de la Rioja, España Larissa Timofeeva, Universidad de Alicante, España Vanessa Pérez Martínez, Universidad de Alicante, España Alejandro César Luna Bernal, Universidad de Guadalajara, México
Copyright (c) 2025 Actualidades en Psicología (Author) http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Handbook of Positive Youth Development. Advancing Research, Policy, and Practice in Global Contexts
Title: Handbook of Positive Youth Development. Advancing Research, Policy, and Practice in Global Contexts Editor: Radosveta Dimitrova y Nora Wiium Editorial: Springer International Publishing Pages: 659 ISBN: 978-0-8153-5800-8 (Impreso); 978-3-030-70262-5 (eBook) DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-70262-5
Copyright (c) 2022 Yunier Broche-Pérez http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Psychometric Properties of the Ambivalent Sexism Inventory (ASI) in Ecuadorian Adult Population
Objective. The aim of the study was to validate the Ambivalent Sexism Inventory (ASI) in the Ecuadorian context, as well as to analyze its internal consistency and convergent validity with the Ambivalence Inventory towards men (AMI). Method. Men (44.1%) and women (55.9%) from the city of Quito (N = 965), aged from 20 to 60 years old, participated in this quantitative and instrumental study. Results. The ASI presents an adequate factorial fit to the original two-factor model; there is internal consistency in the total scale (w = .72) and in the two factors (hostile sexism: w = .71; benevolent sexism: w = .53), and statistically significant convergent validity with the AMI (r = .652). It is concluded that the instrument use in the Ecuadorian context is valid.
Copyright (c) 2022 Marie-France Merlyn Sacoto, Elena Díaz-Mosquera, Rodrigo Moreta-Herrera http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Development of Metapragmatic Reflections on the Function of Verbal Irony in Adolescents
Objective. Analyse metapragmatic reflections made by adolescents aged 12 and 15 years old (16 per age group) on the functions of verbal irony, in two types of ironic speech acts: ironic thanking and ironic offering. Method. The participants faced eight stories ending with ironic remarks, and through questioning, they were asked about the functions they attributed to the ironic statements. Results. Significant differences are shown due to age, but none related to the type of statement, which confirms that the ability to make metapragmatic reflections on verbal irony develops late in children’s language.
Copyright (c) 2022 Karina Hess Zimmermann, Graciela Fernández Ruiz, Andrea Minerva Silva López, Gloria Nélida Avecilla Ramírez http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Psychological Consequences of Social Isolation and its Link with Positive Psychological Functioning
Objective. Evaluate the psychological effects of social isolation (post-traumatic stress symptoms) associated with the global pandemic situation and the possible association with positive psychological functioning. Method. The design was a cross-sectional study with 440 participants between 18 and 65 years old (M = 35.25) selected through convenience sampling. Sociodemographic, coexistence and occupation data were collected. The information was collected online, between April and July 2020. A descriptive and comparative analysis of the variables was carried out. Results. A relationship between Social Isolation and Post Traumatic Stress Symptoms was observed. Positive psychological functioning was inversely correlated with social isolation and post-traumatic stress symptoms, which are more evident in the middle and older age ranges (36-50 and 51-65). Positive psychological functioning showed higher levels in the 51-65 age group and in participants from the interior of the country. Symptoms of anxiety and depression were greater in young people (18-25 years old), women, city residents, and people living with their parents. These data can inform treatment strategies that attempt to reduce the psychological symptoms of COVID-19 isolation, based on psychological resources.
Copyright (c) 2022 Mayda Alejandra Portela, Ana Inés Machado http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Informal, Entrepreneurial, or Precarious Work? The Life Trajectory of Street Food Micro-Business Owners
Objective. This research aimed to understand and analyze the entrepreneurial activity of formal and informal micro-business owners involved in the street food segment in the city of Fortaleza, State of Ceará / Brazil. Method. 10 street food micro-business owners from the city of Fortaleza, aged between 25 and 73 years old, among them sellers of hot dogs, corn, tapioca, pastries, and other types of food products, were interviewed, using semi-structured interviews. Results. One characteristic that becomes paramount for contemporary street food micro-business owners is that of being an entrepreneur. The lack of a career perspective in the formal job market makes the micro-business owners regard the street food segment as a kind of salvation from that context, and convey entrepreneurial ideas focused on informality, which ultimately reinforce precariousness processes.
Copyright (c) 2022 Eveline Nogueira Pinheiro de Oliveira, Cássio Adriano Braz de Aquino, Janequeli Simão Nascimento http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Social Support, Attitudes toward Sexuality, and Life Satisfaction Based on the Sexual Orientation of University Students
Objective. To examine the relationship among perceived social support, attitude towards sexuality, and life satisfaction of heterosexual and lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) university students in Temuco, Chile. Method. A non-probabilistic sample of 281 university students (70.8% heterosexual, 29.2% LGB) answered an online questionnaire. Results. There were no significant differences between heterosexual and LGB students in attitude towards sexuality or life satisfaction. Heterosexual students reported greater social support from their family than LGB students; both groups reported equal support from friends. Only social support was a predictor of life satisfaction. These results indicate the importance of strengthening social support from different sources to contribute to the subjective well-being of students of different sexual orientations.
Copyright (c) 2022 Ligia María Orellana, Camila Márquez Mansilla, Paola Farías, Gustavo Liempi, Berta Schnettler http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Sexual Behaviors During the Covid-19 Pandemic: Social Representations of Gay and Heterosexual Men
Objective. This article aimed to compare the social representations between groups of gay and heterosexual men about sexual behavior as a result of social isolation from the Covid-19 pandemic. Method. 200 men participated (100 heterosexuals and 100 homosexuals) with average age of 27.06 and 28.12, respectively. A sociodemographic questionnaire was used for sample characterization and a semi-structured interview for the apprehension of SR, with data processed by the IRAMUTEQ software. Results. Similarities were found in both groups in terms of active sex life and the use of technologies for sexing and access to pornography. However, homosexuals diverge in the representational structure when seeking greater compensatory strategies for having more stable civic states. It is concluded that physical distance reveals heterogeneous intercurrences to affective-sexual life in this new social reality.
Copyright (c) 2022 José Victor de Oliveira Santos, Lorena Alves de Jesus, Luciana Kelly da Silva Fonseca, Mateus Egilson da Silva Alves, Ludgleydson Fernandes de Araújo http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Anxiety, Hopelessness, and Coping with COVID-19 in Users of Psychological Care
Objective. The main goal was to identify the levels of symptoms of anxiety and hopelessness, as well as the coping strategies during the COVID-19 pandemic in users of online psychological care services. Method. A predictive cross-sectional design was used, with a sample of 78 volunteers. The scale of coping strategies in the face of extreme risks, the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) and the Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS) were applied. Results. The results indicated that since there is an elevated level of anxiety in the participants, they tend to manifest a higher level of helplessness and coping behaviors oriented towards avoidance and passive nature.
Copyright (c) 2022 Alicia Hernández Montaño, José González Tovar, Rosa Isabel Garza Sánchez, Karla Valdés García, Bárbara de los Ángeles Pérez Pedraza http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Post-traumatic Symptoms and Posttraumatic Growth in Higher Education Students in Chile during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Objective. To evaluate a predictive model of posttraumatic symptomatology (PTS) and posttraumatic growth (PTC), which included psychological, pandemic-related, and online classroom-related variables, in higher education students during the pandemic. Method. A total of 552 students participated, 68.5% of whom were women. Instruments were applied to measure different psychological variables. Results. It was established that a model that included intrusive and deliberate rumination, subjective severity, emotional suppression, cognitive reappraisal, social support, adequate space to connect to online classes, and educational attainment significantly predicted PTS. Deliberate rumination, social support, cognitive reappraisal, and age predicted CPT. The relevance of these findings to the academic support that could be provided to students is discussed.
Copyright (c) 2022 Felipe E. García, Mariela Andrades, Fernando Rodríguez, Zamira Díaz, Sofía Alarcón, Isabel Fonseca, Cibelle Lucero http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Relationships during Quarantine: The Justifications for Supporting Psychological Abuse in Women
Objective. This online cross-sectional research aimed to analyze the role of attitudes towards conjugal coexistence, during the period of quarantine, as a justification of the relationship between ideologies based on traditionalism and the acceptance of psychological abuse on women. Method. For this purpose, 260 women from different regions of Brazil were studied. Results. The results showed positive and significant effects (mediated effect = .14; SE = .04; 95% CI .05; .22), suggesting that women who endorse more traditionalist ideologies use more justifications, through quarantine, and are more accepting of psychological abuse. This same relationship occurred in the direct and indirect strategies of psychological abuse. Therefore, this study presented preliminary evidence about a possible reinforcer of psychological abuse.
Copyright (c) 2022 Tamyres Tomaz Paiva, Suiane Magalhães Tavares, Paulo Gregório Nascimento da Silva http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Factors Affecting Social Participation in Adults with Traumatic Brain Injury: A Systematic Review
Objective. Social participation is the act of getting involved in activities that provide interactions with other people and can be impaired in individuals who suffered a traumatic brain injury (TBI). This study aims to identify which factors influence social participation after TBI. Method. A systematic review of articles available in PubMed, EBSCO, and SCOPUS, published from 2010 to 2020 was conducted. Results. Revised articles conclude that social participation in adult patients with TBI is affected by the following variables: depressive symptoms, age, educational level, cognitive impairment, and quality of life. Finally, the focus of the assessment of social participation was the frequency with patients carrying out social activities and not the personal satisfaction with their level of participation.
Copyright (c) 2022 Samanta Leiva, Paula Caamaño, Lucía Bacigalupe http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
The Role Of Growth Mindset In Elementary School Children’s Performance
Objective. The aim of the paper was to study the relation between mindset and reading comprehension and arithmetic performance of 247 students aged 9 to 12 years from two schools in Argentina. Method. Participants were asked to complete a questionnaire based on a Growth Mindset Scale, and standardized tests of reading comprehension and arithmetic calculation. In addition, school grades provided by teachers and social status data provided by parents/caregivers were used. The design was non-experimental and cross-sectional. Results. Hierarchical regression analyzes showed that the higher the growth mindset, the better the school performance, even when controlling for the effect of social status on these variables. The relation of performance with grades was stronger than with standardized tests.
Copyright (c) 2022 Ana García Coni, Lucía Belén Saldi, Clara Villarramos, María Laura Andrés, Lorena Canet Juric http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Beliefs about Conjugal Violence: An Explanation from Human Values
Objective. The present work aimed to discover the relationship between human values and beliefs about marital violence. Method. The sample was composed by 202 subjects from the general population of the city of Parnaíba-PI. The average age was 28.52 years (SD = 10.33). They were administered the following instruments: Belief on Marital Violence Scale (BMVS), Basic Values ​​Questionnaire (BVQ-18), and a Socio-demographic Questionnaire. The SPSS software (version 22) assisted in the execution of descriptive analysis, Pearson's correlation (r), and regression (Stepwise Methods). Results. The results showed that the Interactive, Suprapersonal, and Existence subfunctions present significant and inverse correlations with all dimensions of BMVS; they ratify the ability of human values to explain social constructs such as marital violence.
Copyright (c) 2022 Bruna de Jesus Lopes, Francisca Maria de Souza Brito Carvalho, Laena Barros Pereira, Marlanne Cristina Silva Sousa, Thaynara Costa Silva http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Coping Strategies Adopted by Health Professionals during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Objective. The objective was to know the coping strategies adopted by health professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic. Method. This was an exploratory research. The participants were 155 health professionals (female 68.2, male 31.8) from northeastern Brazil, mostly from Piauí (39.1%) and Ceará (22.5%), and a mean age of 33.26 years (SD = 7.94). Results. Through a Descending Hierarchical Classification (CHD), the main corpus was divided into two branches: Class 1: Socio-emotional support and spirituality, and Class 2: Entertainment activities, showing that professionals used coping strategies with a focus on the problem and emotion. They pointed out the importance of social contact, spirituality, and entertainment for emotional well-being.
Copyright (c) 2022 Ricardo Neves Couto, Patricia Nunes da Fonsêca, Jefferson Luiz de Cerqueira Castro, Clara Lohana Cardoso Guimarães, Emerson Diógenes de Medeiros http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Psychometric properties of a scale of tolerance to corruption using moral dilemmas
Objective. Understanding the extent of citizen participation in corrupt practices presents a challenge given that the illicit and socially reprehensible nature of corrupt acts generates a social desirability bias into measures of corruption. The objective was to design a measurement to assess individuals’ propensity to either tolerate or resist corruption, employing eight moral dilemmas. Method. The instrument was administered to 173 participants for the exploratory factor analysis, followed by 282 participants for the confirmatory factor analysis. Results. The results of exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis revealed a single factor structure that grouped seven out of the eight dilemmas obtaining optimal goodness-of-fit indices and acceptable reliability. The measurement is useful for future research analyzing corruption.
Copyright (c) 2025 Christian Enrique Cruz Torres, Tonatiuh Garcia-Campos, Alejandra del Carmen Domínguez-Espinosa, Carlos Alberto Montesinos-González, Pablo Domínguez-Perera, Irene Salas-Menotti (Autor/a) http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Mindfulness mediates the relation between cognitive reappraisal and test anxiety
Objective. This study analyzed the relationship between mindfulness, cognitive reappraisal, expressive suppression, and test anxiety in university students. The first hypothesis proposed that cognitive reappraisal, expressive suppression, and mindfulness would be negatively associated with test anxiety and its dimensions. The second hypothesis stated that mindfulness would mediate the relationship between cognitive reappraisal and test anxiety. Method. 275 University students of legal age voluntarily completed standardized questionnaires in digital format. Results. Results showed that mindfulness was significantly associated with cognitive reappraisal and with several dimensions of test anxiety. Mediation analysis indicated that mindfulness partially explained the relationship between cognitive reappraisal and test anxiety. These findings provide evidence for the mediating role of mindfulness in the relationship between emotion regulation and academic anxiety and highlight the importance of considering test anxiety from a multidimensional perspective.
Copyright (c) 2025 Nicolás Alejandro Vizioli, Felipe Alejandro Cultraro, Leandro Crisólogo Gimeno (Author) http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
School Coexistence in Peruvian Adolescents: A Network Analysis Study
Objective. This study examined the dynamics of school coexistence among Peruvian adolescents using network analysis. Method. The sample consisted of 1083 adolescents who completed the School Coexistence Scale. A psychometric evaluation of the instrument was conducted to ensure its validity and reliability, followed by network analysis to identify the key dimensions of school coexistence. Results. The scale demonstrated appropriate psychometric properties, with Positive Interpersonal Management emerging as the central dimension in the sample. These findings suggest that network analysis provides new insights into school coexistence and highlights some differences in network connectivity by gender, which requires further investigation.
Adolescence, Psychological networks, Psychometrics, Invariance
Copyright (c) 2025 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Cultural variations in socialization of emotions by parents: An integrative literature review
Objective. This study aimed to identify the theoretical and methodological characteristics, as well as the results of empirical studies that addressed the parental socialization of emotions in different non-western cultural groups. Method.This required an integrative literature review with a qualitative focus. Results. The results showed that the main theoretical approaches were the ecological approaches and the heuristic model of the socialization of emotions. Regarding employed methodologies, quantitative studies with a greater presence of mothers prevailed. The main results point out that there are variations in the socializing emotions in several aspects such as the functioning of children, emotional expression, reaction to children’s emotions, parental ethnotheories, emotional talk and others. Discussion focuses on the implications of these findings for future research.
Copyright (c) 2023 Deira Jiménez-Balam, Lilia Cavalcante, Dra., Teresita Castillo-León, Dra. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
A Bayesian Network Perspective on an Attributional Model of Reactions Toward People with HIV
Objective. Attributional theory has been widely studied to understand the overall perceptions regarding people suffering from negative events such as an HIV infection. The aim of the present study is to test the overall attribution model and its influence on the willingness to help, considering emotional reactions related to an HIV-infected individual. Method. We used a Bayesian network to analyze the association between attributions of causality (blame, responsibility, and control), willingness to help, and emotional reactions (anger and sympathy) toward an HIV-infected patient. Three hundred and fifty-eight individuals participated in the study. Results. Using the overall model, we found two different results: Anger contributed to the cognitive processes of attribution, and sympathy contributed to the behavioral willingness to help the patient.
Copyright (c) 2023 Angelo Brandelli Costa, Felipe Vilanova, Fernando Martins de Azevedo, Gisela Steins http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Psychometric Properties of the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-II in Ecuadorian Adults
Objective. To analyze AAQ-II psychometric properties on the Ecuadorian people. Method. In this study, the psychometric properties of the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-II (AAQ-II) were evaluated in an Ecuadorian population. A total of 450 people between 18 and 53 years of age, 46.7% of whom were women, participated. Results. The confirmatory factor analysis found a three-dimensional structure: memory avoidance, emotional avoidance, and lack of self-control. An analysis of invariance between men and women revealed that the scale is invariant by sex. The scale was found to have good internal consistency (α = .90). The validity of the AAQ-II as a tool to assess experiential avoidance in an Ecuadorian adult population is discussed.
Copyright (c) 2023 Patricio R. Arias, Jorge Barraca, Felipe E. García http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Attachment, Self-esteem, and Social Self-expression Skills: A Causal Chain Model in Young People and Adolescents
Objectives. To analyze the relationship between attachment and self-esteem in young people and adolescents, and to examine the relationship between self-esteem and social self-expression skills, integrating these results into a causal chain model. Method. 387 adolescents and young people completed self-report scales. Regression analysis and structural equation modeling were performed. Results. Both secure and insecure attachment predicted participants’ self-esteem. Likewise, self-esteem was a predictor of social self-expression. The study concluded that the secure attachment established with the caregivers increases the possibility of developing a strengthened self-esteem, promoting the individual’s ability to express oneself socially. Conversely, insecure attachment weakens self-esteem, leading to impaired social self-expression.
Copyright (c) 2023 Sofía Yenien Homola, Laura Beatriz Oros http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Social Anxiety and Musical Performance Anxiety in Brazilian Singers: A Comparative Study
Objective. The goal of this study was to explore the relationship between social anxiety (SA) and musical performance anxiety (MPA) in a Brazilian sample of singers. Method. This study is descriptive, observational, correlational and quantitative, with a non-probabilistic convenience sample of 252 singers (142 amateurs and 110 professionals). Participants answered a sociodemographic questionnaire, the Adult Social Anxiety Questionnaire and the Kenny Music Performance Anxiety Inventory. Results. A moderate and significant positive correlation was found between SA and MPA. Evidence suggests that APM is significantly higher in professional singers and soloists. The aspects of “Worry and Insecurity” are significantly higher in professional singers than in amateurs. In conclusion, SA and MPA are present in professional singers representing an aggravating factor in mental health. Professional singers and soloists can benefit from diagnostics and treatment in the area of music performance.
Copyright (c) 2023 Crismarie Casper Hackenberg, Felipe Santos de Oliveira, Sérgio Felipe Abreu de Brito Bastos, Rodrigo da Cunha Teixeira Lopes http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Intention of Professional Abandonment in Teachers according to Education Levels
Objective. To identify the sociodemographic, work predictors, psychosocial stressors, regulatory focus to achieve goals at work, and emotional labor for professional abandonment intention in Brazilian teachers according to the five levels of education: kindergarten, elementary, secondary, undergraduate, and postgraduate. Method. A non-probabilistic sample of 1,284 Brazilian teachers distributed across five levels of education was used, who responded to an online instrument that contained five sections: sociodemographic and labor data questionnaire, Burnout questionnaire, General Regulatory Focus Scale, Emotions Labor Scale and the Psychosocial Stressors Assessment Scale in the Work Context. Results. The results obtained through multiple linear regression analyses revealed different predictors according to educational levels. The variables that explained the models were higher rates of burnout syndrome, pressure for responsibility, role conflict and ambiguity, role overload, career insecurity, emotional variability, higher academic training and remuneration and lower rates of satisfaction with life, lower length of work and age, not having another professional activity, and working in a private institution. Burnout syndrome was a predictor at all levels.
Social Skills Intervention through Role-playing: A Mixed-design Study with Youth with Intellectual Disability
Objective. The objective of this study was to identify if there are improvements in social interaction in young people with intellectual disabilities, using a methodology based on role playing. Method. A mixed design study based on a brief intervention program of eight sessions, with a total of seven participants, was used. Qualitative and quantitative techniques were used for data collection: systematic observation, non-systematized direct observation and the Social Skills Self-Assessment Scale. Results. The intervention yielded modest results. The Wilcoxon W test shows significant differences at the general level. Observations show changes in participants’ behaviors, especially in terms of alternative responses to aggression, which were quickly replaced by peaceful strategies and dialogic attitudes.
Salvadoran Refugees and Asylum Seekers in Costa Rica: Residential Satisfaction and Intention to Remain
Objective. The objective was to analyze the relationship between residential satisfaction and the intention to remain in Costa Rica among Salvadoran refugees and asylum seekers population, from the San José canton. Method. The sample was based on 41 refugees and asylum seekers; their mean age was 38 years. 33 people were administered a residential satisfaction and intention to remain questionnaire, based on García and Arends (2012), and Aragonés and Corraliza (1992). Finally, 8 people were involved in a focus group. Results. The intention to remain is related to the constant search for security in the neighborhood. The more security one experiences, the greater is the intention to remain. People also seek to improve their neighborhoods, in terms of security, community organization and community protection.
Subjective Well-being and Mental Health in College Students from Ecuador. Latent Relationship Analysis with SEM
Objective. To identify the level of latent relationship between Subjective Well-being and Mental Health in a sample of university students from Ecuador. Method. A descriptive, correlational and transversal study by Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was conducted. The sample consisted of 476 people (61.5% women and 38.4% men), aged between 17 and 47 years (M= 21.24; SD=3.65). They were University students from 34 higher education centers in 10 provinces of Ecuador. Results. Subjective Well-being (Positive, Negative Affect and Satisfaction with Life) is latently related to Mental Health through an adequate adjustment model. Furthermore, the SEM model is gender invariant. Finally, there are differences (p<.05) between groups for negative affect and symptoms of anxiety/insomnia, depression, and general mental health. Subjective well-being is a psychological attribute that plays a relevant role in the course and development of mental health.
Relationship between Age, Working Memory and Cognitive Reserve Capacity
Objective. In this work, it was intended to show the relationship between age, verbal and visuospatial working memory, and cognitive reserve in people over 40 years old. Method. The sample was composed of 50 people from 40 years old onwards, of both genders and without associated pathologies. For data collection, the INECO frontal screening subtests and the Cognitive Reserve Questionnaire (CRC) were administered. Results. In this sample, it was possible to determine that the greater the cognitive reserve capacity a person has, the greater their working memory capacity will be, specially the visuospatial type.