Resumen
Este estudio establece las bases para analizar la economía costarricense como un sistema complejo, al mismo tiempo que proporciona a los responsables de la formulación de políticas un sólido marco analítico para mejorar el rendimiento económico. Para abordar este primer desafío de comprender la economía como una estructura interrelacionada, se examinan las relaciones económicas de los productos en la Matriz Insumo-Producto del país. Se identifican los actores mejor ubicados, tanto individualmente como en subgrupos de la red. Su ubicación en la red es clave para comprender cómo se pueden mejorar sus roles al acceder a diferentes regiones de la red y establecer relaciones con otros actores. Los hallazgos indican que existen actores que acceden a diferentes regiones en la red, lo que les permite actuar como enlaces entre los sectores económicos. Por lo tanto, fortalecer a estos actores mejor ubicados mediante políticas específicas puede generar beneficios simultáneos tanto para los subgrupos de la red como para la economía en su conjunto.
Citas
Alatriste Contreras, M. G., & Fagiolo, G. (2014). Propagation of economic shocks in input-output networks: A cross-country analysis. Physical Review E, 90(6), Article 062812. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.90.062812
Banacloche, S. (2017). Intra-regional trade in services in South America: an input-output approach. Revista de Administração Mackenzie, 18(6), 47–70. https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-69712017/administracao.v18n6p47-70
Bartesaghi, P., Clemente, G. P., Grassi, R., & Luu, D. T. (2022). The multilayer architecture of the global input-output network and its properties. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 204, 304–341. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2022.10.029
Barrat, A., Barthélemy, M., Pastor-Satorras, R., & Vespignani, A. (2004). The architecture of complex weighted networks. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 101(11), 3747–3752. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0400087101
Bastian, M., Heymann, S., & Jacomy, M. (2009, May 17-20). Gephi: an open source software for exploring and manipulating networks. Proceedings of the International AAAI Conference on Web and Social Media, 3(1), 361–362. https://doi.org/10.1609/icwsm.v3i1.13937
Blöchl, F., Theis, F. J., Vega-Redondo, F., & Fisher, E. O. (2011). Vertex Centralities in Input-Output Networks Reveal the Structure of Modern Economies. Physical Review E, 83(4), Article 046127. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.83.046127
Brondino, G., Lucero, J., & Roitbarg, H. (2023). Productive specialization and integration in South America: A global input–output analysis. Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, 67, 89–97. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.strueco.2023.07.005
Bullón, D., Mena, T., Meng, B., Sánchez, N., & Vargas, H. (2014, November 27-28). Using the Input-Output Approach to Measure Participation in GVCs: The case of Costa Rica [Paper presentation]. Primer foro sobre modelo de insumo producto aplicado a la economía costarricense, San José, Costa Rica. https://gee.bccr.fi.cr/indicadoreseconomicos/Documentos/Foro_MIP/doc/Uso_enfoque_mip_doc28nov_Tayutic_sanchez.pdf
Carvalho, V. (2014). From Micro to Macro via Production Networks (Cambridge-INET Working Paper Series 2014/18, Cambridge Working Paper in Economics 1467). University of Cambridge.
Cerina, F., Zhu, Z., Chessa, A., & Riccaboni, M. (2015). World Input-Output Network. PLOS ONE, 10(7), Article e0134025. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0134025
Central Bank of Costa Rica. (2014). Input-output matrix of Costa Rica [Data set]. https://web.archive.org/web/20241128171539/https://www.bccr.fi.cr/indicadores-economicos/DocCuentasNacionalesProyecto/documentoscnaestadisticas/MIP_Producto-Producto2012.xlsx
Csardi, G., & Nepusz, T. (2006). The igraph software package for complex network research. InterJournal Complex Systems, 1695. http://igraph.org/r/
DePaolis, F. (2023). xtranat: Network metrics based on random walks (Version 0.1.0) [R package]. https://github.com/fdepaolis/xtranat
DePaolis, F., Murphy, P., & De Paolis Kaluza, M. C. (2022). Identifying key sectors in the regional economy: a network analysis approach using input-output data. Applied Network Science, 7, Article 86. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41109-022-00519-2
Duan, W.-Q. (2012). Modelling the evolution of National Economies Based on Input-Output Networks. Computational Economics, 39(2), 145–155. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10614-011-9261-3
Durán Lima, J. E., & Banacloche, S. (2022). Economic analysis of input-output tables: definitions, indicators and applications for Latin America (Project Documents LC/TS.2021/177). Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean. https://hdl.handle.net/11362/48096
Foerster, A., & Choi, J. (2017). The Changing Input-Output Network Structure of the U.S. Economy. Economic Review, Second Quarter, 23–49. https://doi.org/10.18651/ER/2q17FoersterChoi
Freeman, L. C. (1977). A set of measures of centrality based on betweenness. Sociometry, 40(1), 35–41. https://doi.org/10.2307/3033543
García-Muñiz, A. S. (2013). Modelling linkages versus leakages networks: the case of Spain. Regional and Sectorial Economic Studies, 13(1), 43–54.
García-Muñiz, A. S., Morillas Raya, A., & Ramos Carvajal, C. (2008). Key Sectors: A New Proposal from Network Theory. Regional Studies, 42(7), 1013–1030. https://doi.org/10.1080/00343400701654152
Hausmann, R., Hidalgo, C. A., Bustos, S., Coscia, M., Chung, S., Jimenez, J., Simoes, A., & Yıldırım, M. A. (2011). The Atlas of Economic Complexity: Mapping Paths to Prosperity. The MIT Press.
Hidalgo, C. A., & Hausmann, R. (2009). The building blocks of economic complexity. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 106(26), 10570–10575. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0900943106
Hidalgo, C. A., Klinger, B., Barabasi, A.-L., & Hausmann, R. (2007). The Product Space Conditions The Development of Nations. Science, 317, 482–487. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1144581
Jacomy, M., Venturini, T., Heymann, S., & Bastian, M. (2014). ForceAtlas2, a Continous Graph Layout Algorithm for Handy Network Visualization Designed for the Gephi Software. PLOS ONE, 9(6), Article e98679. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0098679
Kleinberg, J. M. (1999). Authoritative Sources in a Hyperlinked Environment. Journal of the ACM, 46(5), 604–632. https://doi.org/10.1145/324133.324140
Lantner, R., & Carluer, F. (2004). Spatial dominance: a new approach to the estimation of interconnectedness in regional input-output tables. The Annals of Regional Science, 38(3), 451–467. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00168-003-0178-1
Leontief, W. W. (1936). Quantitative Input and Output Relations in the Economic System of the United States. The Review of Economics and Statistics, 18(3), 105–125. https://doi.org/10.2307/1927837
Leontief, W. W. (1937). Interrelation of Prices, Output, Savings and Investment: A Study in Empirical Application of Economic Theory of General Interdependence. The Review of Economics and Statistics, 19(3), 109–132. https://doi.org/10.2307/1927343
Márquez, M. A. (2018). The Spillover effects of Industrial Exports in Latin American Countries. Problemas del Desarrollo, 49(193). https://doi.org/10.22201/iiec.20078951e.2018.193.61281
Newman, M. E. J. (2005). A measure of betweenness centrality based on random walks. Social Networks, 27(1), 39–54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socnet.2004.11.009
Ponds, P., & Latapy, M. (2006). Computing Communities in Large Networks Using Random Walks. Journal of Graph Algorithms and Applications, 10(2), 191–218. https://doi.org/10.7155/jgaa.00124
Programa Estado de la Nación. (2016). Quinto informe Estado de la Región en desarrollo humano sostenible, 2016: Un informe desde Centroamérica y para Centroamérica. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12337/959
Programa Estado de la Nación. (2017). Estado de la Nación en Desarrollo Humano Sostenible, 2017. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12337/1118
Programa Estado de la Nación. (2021). Estado de la Nación 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12337/8205
Programa Estado de la Nación. (2022). Estado de la Nación 2022. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12337/8405
R Core Team. (2023). R: A language and environment for statistical computing (Version 4.0.3) [Computer Software]. R Foundation for Statistical Computing. https://www.r-project.org/
Ramírez-Álvarez, J., Chungandro-Carranco, V., Montenegro-Rosero, N., & Guevara-Rosero, C. (2024). Central Industries in the Ecuadorian Input–Output Network. An Application of Social Network Analysis. Networks and Spatial Economics, 24(1), 131–164. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11067-023-09605-z
Schweitzer, F., Fagiolo, G., Sornette, D., Vega-Redondo, F., Vespignani, A., & White, D. R. (2009). Economic Networks: The New Challenges. Science, 325(5939), 422–425. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1173644
Soyyiğit, S., & Çırpıcı, Y. A. (2017). An Input-Output Network Structure Analysis of Selected Countries. Yildiz Social Science Review, 3(2), 65–88. https://yssr.yildiz.edu.tr/article/21
Tacchella, A., Cristelli, M., Caldarelli, G., Gabrielli, A., & Pietronero, L. (2012). A New Metrics for Countries' Fitness and Products' Complexity. Scientific Reports, 2, Article 723. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep00723
Weidong, L., Jianwu, L., Bojie, W., & Mei, H. (2022). Review of the input-output network and its application in energy and mineral industries. Frontiers in Energy Research, 10,. https://doi.org/10.3389/fenrg.2022.983911
Xu, M., & Liang, S. (2019). Input–output networks offer new insights of economic structure. Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, 527, Article 121178. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physa.2019.121178
Zaccaria, A., Cristelli, M., Kupers, R., Tacchella, A., & Pietronero, L. (2016). A case study for a new metrics for economic complexity: The Netherlands. Journal of Economic Interaction and Coordination, 11(1), 151–169. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11403-015-0145-9
Zaccaria, A., Cristelli, M., Tacchella, A. and Pietronero, L. (2014). How the Taxonomy of Products Drives the Economic Development of Countries. PLOS ONE, 9(12), 1–17. Article e113770. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0113770
Comentarios
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Reconocimiento-NoComercial-SinObraDerivada 3.0.
Derechos de autor 2024 Vladimir González-Gamboa, Esteban Durán-Monge