Revista humanidades

Macro Pinturas, Universos: About the Creation Process of Universo 4, Cover Art of the Issue

Lua Clara Sant'Ana — 2025-01-31

The Museum of Broken Relationships in Zagreb, Croatia, as a Museum Discourse of Spectacle of Intimacy

Pamela Herrera Feregrino — 2025-01-31

In this society, appearance and exhibition confer existence and value as part of a process of production and objectification that dominates social life. The integration of the museum discourse, from the objects or works and their arrangement within the space that is used with its architecture, lighting and layout, to guide the visitor to navigate through the narrative of what is exhibited, is part of this process. In this context, the Museum of Broken Relationships, as a “physical and virtual public space created for the purpose of treasuring and sharing your stories of brokenness and symbolic possessions” unfolds as a paradigmatic case of this process of spectacularization of personal objects transmuted or re-signified through museum discourse. And these objects are peculiar in that they refer to the intimacy of the sentimental experience of rupture. This paperproposes the analysis of the museum discourse from the point of view of museography and curatorship in order to analyze how the proposal for the projection of intimacy as a commercial product is constructed in the physical and virtual environment of the contemporary museum.

Tattoos and Grief: Narratives of Adults from the City of Talca, Chile

Alejandro Cifuentes-Muñoz — 2025-01-31

Grief is a frequent, subjective, and painful experience that arises from the loss of something or someone significant. In such a context, tattoos have become a useful means of confronting such human suffering. This research aims to analyze the narratives of the process involved in getting a tattoo in the context of grief in adults from the city of Talca, Chile. To achieve this objective, qualitative research with a hermeneutic-phenomenological approach was carried out through semi-structured interviews with ten adult women. The data was processed through qualitative content analysis with emerging categorization. The results were grouped into four large narratives: (1) motivations for getting a tattoo, (2) symbolic meanings associated with the process, (3) the therapeutic role of the tattoo, and (4) the consequences of getting a tattoo. It was concluded that the motivation for getting a tattoo was mainly due to previous tattooing experiences and the nature of the bond with the deceased. In addition, tattooing fulfilled a therapeutic function, allowing coping with and processing the loss, and facilitating emotional release at the time of tattooing.

Innovation, Freedom and the Paradox of Superabundancia (2023) by Marian Tupy & Gale Pooley

Diogo Fernandes Sousa — 2025-01-31

Common Philosophy for Times of Socio-environmental Crisis: Thinking, Feeling and Weaving Differently

Verónica Araiza Díaz — 2025-01-31

This essay aims to vindicate the role of Philosophy as an act of daily thinking, as an attribute common to all human beings, which has been blocked by the capitalist system, mainly in its neoliberal phase, which coincides with a broad and complex socio-environmental crisis, and in the face of which it becomes necessary precisely to activate a collective thinking that allows us to recompose the social fabric and project a more livable and sustainable future, for humans and for other living beings. It is concluded that thinking has to do with the capacity of attention in two senses: to contemplate and to care, so it is not an attribute of special beings, but of all human beings as desiring beings, and in apocalyptic times it is a vital necessity, since the lack of attention that characterizes our present puts at risk all life on the planet.

Transgressing the Fourth Wall from a Metaphysical Approach: the Realm of Communication in Digital Storytelling

Maribel Maldonado Alcocer — 2025-01-31

In this paper, an interpretative analysis of a selection of examples of digital media narratives –social networks and online video games– was carried out, from a metaphysical approach, with the purpose of explaining the set of relationships that define the phenomenon of the rupture of the fourth wall of communication in the digital era. This theoretical perspective required that the object of study be considered as an ideal entity of the interface between the ontological dimension of virtuality and the contemporary cultural imaginaries of social interactions. With that in mind, first, a brief introduction was given to reflect on one of the main cultural and social contexts in which the phenomenon of the disruptive digital narrative originated: the impact of technology on human life. Then, the interpretation of the selected corpus was carried out through philosophical hermeneutics as a method of observation, study and understanding of the chosen examples. Finally, conclusions are presented showing that the ideal entity in the digital era allows the existence of the disruptive digital media narratives, thanks to the set of relationships that make it possible as such, manifesting analytical circularity and interdependence.

Interactive Teaching Strategies at the Level of Professionalization of Music. An Experience from Harmony Class

Belkis Hudson Vizcaíno — 2025-01-31

This paper explores the teaching-learning process of Harmony in the realm of professional music education in Cuenca, Ecuador. The formative processes of this discipline are examined, highlighting the importance of promoting a more dynamic methodology and greater interrelation with other theoretical-practical disciplines at this level, based on complex thinking. The research adopts a qualitative and applied approach. It is implemented through a structured observation guide in the Harmony II class of students of the Bachelor of Musical Arts at the University of Cuenca. The results show a passive posture before learning and an insufficient capacity to establish interrelations with the contents of other theoretical and historical disciplines of music. We propose the combination of the integrative project and problem-based learning as interactive didactic strategies in the teaching-learning processes of functional harmony, with a methodology more focused on musical practice and with an integrative vision. In this way, it contributes to meaningful learning, oriented to the formation of students with relational, contextualized, and innovative thinking, fundamental aspects in the exercise of their profession.

The Iconography of the Poet in the Drawings of Mane Bernardo

Juan Cruz Pedroni — 2025-01-31

This paper analyzes an aspect of the relationship between images and written culture in the books illustrated by the Argentinean painter, puppeteer and poet Magdalena “Mane” Bernardo between the 1940s and 1950s. From the work with personal archives, the reconstruction of literary and cultural links in life stories and bibliographic analysis, the article aims to investigate the modulations that the iconography of the poet acquires in the drawings made by Bernardo for Argentine edition books. In particular, we analyze the ways in which these images are involved in the transmission of representations of written culture and literature through continuities and inflections. To this end, we resort to the contributions of an indicative reading together with the unavoidable contributions of the history of the book and the history of representations.

Historical Exploration: Women’s Access to University and the Emergence of Gender Studies

Katya Maldonado Tovilla — 2025-01-31

From their origins in the Middle Ages to the early 20^th century, universities were predominantly male bastions. However, as the 20^th century progressed, women not only began to gain access to these institutions but also, driven by the surge of the feminist movement during the sixties and seventies, started to actively challenge both the university curriculum and scientific knowledge. This questioning catalyzed the emergence of women’s studies and, over time, gender studies. These fields of knowledge focused on confronting sexist ideology and the dominant gender order in society. Therefore, this essay explores the relationship between women’s access to formal education and the advancement of the feminist movement in academia. The goal is to provide an initial historical exploration of women’s presence in universities and their link to the origins of gender studies.

The Configuration of the Hero in Cocorí by the Costa Rican Writer Joaquín Gutiérrez

Grettel Mariana Arias Orozco — 2025-01-31

This article describes how the protagonist of the novel Cocorí becomes a successful hero according to the theory proposed by Joseph Campbell. Firstly, the Costa Rican context is analyzed; secondly, we proceed to establish some basic theoretical concepts for the analysis of the text such as hero, the stages that imply the hero’s journey, as well as some symbols that finalize the proposal under study. Lastly, a third moment is reached in which, after analyzing the character’s journey in the work, it is concluded that indeed this child unconsciously configures himself as a popular hero, who, although it is true that he does not possess divine attributes, fulfills with all the stages and requirements to become a Costa Rican folkloric hero, who returns victorious from his adventures as a new being to share his new wisdom with the rest of his people.

Forced Labor and Distribution of Goods in the Territory of the Frontier Government of San Luis de Colotlán during the XVII Century and Parts of the XVIII Century

José Rojas Galván — 2025-01-31

Forced labor and the distribution of merchandise were two practices commonly carried out by authorities of the viceroyalty of New Spain, despite being prohibited by Spanish legislation. The objective of this article is to analyze the role played by royal and military officials in the promotion and execution of these practices in the government of San Luis de Colotlán, which was located in the Northwestern region of New Galicia. The method used is that of historical reconstruction, which is based on the criticism of first-hand sources to recreate the facts of the past, which come from archives in Spain and Mexico. The results show that, despite the prohibition of such practices, employees of the Spanish Crown sought to obtain extra income to enrich themselves or ensure their own sustenance through the violent imposition of forced labor and the forced distribution of goods to the indigenous groups of the territory of Colotlán, although not without resistance, since on more than one occasion they generated disputes at different levels and with different results.

El gran teatro del mundo by Pedro Calderón de la Barca and Social Acting. Educational Implications

Manuel F. Vieites — 2025-01-31

Pedro Calderón de la Barca is a playwright who in his plays presents themes relevant to the study of the human condition, such as free will, the nature of reality or what is known today as gender violence. Among these themes, one that stands out is particularly current and yet to be fully developed in its educational potential: social acting. This article, based on a literature review and the exegesis of El gran teatro del mundo, considers Calderón de la Barca’s contributions to the vision of human life as a role-play in which the subject is a social actor, and also analyzes its educational implications in the construction of the person, their identity and autonomy.

Limitations of the Incorporation of Gender Perspective in Archaeological Museums: the Case of Dr. Román Piña Chan Archaeological Museum, Mexico

Eréndira Muñoz Aréyzaga — 2025-01-31

The gender perspective is important to build an inclusive dimension in archaeological museums because it visibilizes the contribution of women to the history and development of societies, and could have an impact on cultural change. However, museums of this type in Mexico apply it in a very limited way or do not apply it at all due to conditions that need to be known. A case study was carried out in an archaeological site museum to learn, through an anthropological approach, the way in which museum professionals conceive the gender perspective and, if applicable, if it is implemented in the curatorial processes. Likewise, it was established how it is expressed in the permanent exhibitions based on an analysis of the written and visual discourses related to the feminine and the masculine. The results show that the museum does not apply the gender perspective and the exhibits present an androcentric bias.

Pro-Environmental Attitudes in Elementary School. A Comparative Study in the Context of the Environmental Certification of Educational Establishments, Chile

Cristian Manuel Aguilar Correa — 2025-01-31

This research seeks to investigate the development of environmental attitudes in elementary school students from a commune in Central Chile (Curicó). A comparative study was carried out between two schools, one with an environmental certification granted by the Ministry of the Environment (MMA) and the other without said certification. To carry out the study, two instruments were used: identity drawing and a Likert-type scale. Students from first to sixth grade participated from both schools. The sample for school A was 253 students, while that from school B was 448 students. According to the results, there are no major variations in the affective, active and cognitive attitudes among the students and it is established that some dimensions would be changing in terms of pro-environmental attitudes, although what the study cannot assure is if these attitudes are being triggered by the objectives of a state environmental certification or training actions of an official or hidden curriculum that is increasingly environmentalized.

On the Cultural Criticism in the República literaria of Saavedra Fajardo

Juan Antonio González de Requena Farré — 2024-07-31

In Diego Saavedra Fajardo's República literaria (1670), it is possible to find a mode of baroque criticism that was extremely influential in a certain Spanish critical tradition. This study aims to interpret the duplicity and aporias of baroque cultural criticism through an analysis of the philological satire of the Murcian writer. Throughout that work, one finds a double critical judgment, ambivalent in its own critical dichotomies, an allegorical mode of representation as allusive as indeterminate and, finally, a containment of critical questioning under the maxims of a certain literary reason of State. It is possible to conclude that República literaria is far from the illustrated Republic of letters and rather exhibits the folds and contradictions of a split cultural consciousness.

From the Magical Character of Speech to the Text of Writing: Mimetic Faculty and Profane Reading in Walter Benjamin

Eduardo García Elizondo — 2025-01-31

The present paper proposes to analyze the intersection among speech (Sprache), writing and reading in Walter Benjamin’s rhetorical-theological and rhetorical-aesthetic writings. Based on this, through a path of expository interpretation, we will address how Walter Benjamin’s conception of the magical character of speech as such is elaborated in relation to the profane status of reading and the surrealist writing conceived through a rhetorical-materialist interpretation of the mimetic faculty. The exposition of these moments will be the starting point from which we will arrive at the following final considerations: that the surrealist writing is presented as a primordial aesthetic form to think about the critique of the analogical-proportional ideal of classicist tropology and the anthropological materialism of the discourse of Benjaminian criticism.

El Frente Independiente de Pueblos Indios and the Reconceptalization of the Indigenous Category in Mexico. A Reading from Strategic Essentialism

Roberto Israel Rodríguez Soriano — 2025-01-31

The ‘indigenous’ category has been a historical and political construction intended to control culturally diverse groups in terms of political and economic domination, marking differences with European and Western cultures. Despite its essentialization for purposes of domination, indigenous groups have strategically adopted this label as a form of resistance, adapting to the historical attacks imposed on their identities by hegemonic groups. These processes are explored using Gayatri Spivak’s idea of strategic essentialism, which shows how indigenous groups have strategically used categorical essentialization as an effective form of resistance. The specific case of the Frente Independiente de Pueblos Indios at the end of the 20^th century will be addressed, one of the first indigenous movements in Mexico that used the category to bring together the collective demand of diverse peoples in defense of their ways of life and their traditional means of subsistence.

Mesoamerican Archaeology, Copies and Museums. Reflections on the Circulation of Santa Lucía Cotzumalguapa Casts

Milena Gallipoli — 2024-07-31

This paper analyzes the production and exhibition of casts of Mesoamerican archaeology based on the case of Monument 21 of Santa Lucía Cotzumalguapa to reflect on the historical and current geopolitical relations derived from the circulation of originals and copies. The connections and parallel histories of, in principle, three objects are addressed: the original at the Bilbao site, the mold that was made in situ and transferred to Berlin so that a reproducible model could be made from the Staatlichen Museen, and, finally, a plaster cast that was acquired for Buenos Aires. The simultaneous exhibition of the objectual universe of Monument 21 allows us to reflect on the exhibition complexes and their reconfigurations in a panorama informed by debates on the colonial past.

Consolidation of Academic Identity in the Nursing Profession

Karime Elizabeth Balderas Gutiérrez — 2024-07-31

The change from technical training in Nursing to a scientifically based education influenced the process of configuration of academic identity in this profession. In this sense, the objective of this paper is to find the elements that characterize the academic identity of the nurse. For this purpose, the biographical method is used. The analysis of the information is carried out using the computerized qualitative analysis program Atlas.ti (2023). The results show that the consolidation of the academic identity in Nursing is a product of the research practice from the epistemological perspective of care, the application of knowledge based on nurse thinking and evidence-based Nursing, without leaving aside the historical, educational and labor processes that make up its professional subculture. This study contributes to the study of the professions from the educational field, revealing the micro-social processes that occur in the different professions.

The Decantation and Alteration of Time in the Parallel Universes of the Seventh Art

Luis Alfonso Briceño Montilla — 2025-01-31

Time as a category of study has been applied to fields of social, work and individual life. At the same time, it is considered a control, regulation and organization device that has particularly consolidated modernity and our present. Thus, the objective of this essay revolves around interpreting time within the dimensions of the seventh art, the phenomenon of hyperconnectivity and the construction of parallel worlds. Our methodology will focus on critical discourse analysis and the field of semiotics. As for the final reflections, we propose a ‘beyond the escape’ towards a politics of the moment and the importance of a rhythmic time.

The The Communication of Scientific Knowledge about Family Planning in Costa Rica (1977-1985)

José Daniel Jiménez Bolaños — 2024-07-31

Family planning programs began in Costa Rica officially at the end of the 1960s. Private organizations, in conjunction with the State, oversaw the development of strategies to offer these services. One of the main challenges was the communication of this knowledge to the popular classes. Being a voluntary program, it was necessary to communicate information to the couples about the different methods available, the advantages of planning and the implications of an adequate upbringing. The objective of this paper is to analyze the discursive display that allowed the communication of scientific knowledge about family planning in Costa Rica, using as a source the issues of the magazine Salud para todos, published by the Costa Rican Demographic Association between 1977 and 1985. From a theoretical perspective based on the dialogues between science, technology, and society (STS), the use of colloquial language was emphasized and, through images, dialogues and informative texts, basic information on family planning methods was provided. There were also discussions on gender roles and the effects they could have on planning.

The Assessment Model "Evaluation of Math Progress based on Quantitative-Qualitative Examination and Interpretation” (VPM-EICC) in Higher Education

Omar Mejía Pérez — 2024-07-31

The objective of this study is to evaluate the VPM-EICC evaluation model in higher education to consider or discard it as an evaluation alternative based on the impressions of those evaluated and the performance results. This evaluation model takes, as its backbone, the preparation and application of the examination instrument supported by a verification rubric, trying to qualify the criteria to shield the quantitative judgments with greater objectivity and, thus, systematize the evaluation process. The evaluation model, which was born as a necessity in high school or secondary education, is now being implemented in higher education to assess its relevance and thus have greater opportunities for applicability at different educational levels, sectors and contexts, and, thus, make it evolve towards more productive horizons. Through a mixed approach, data were collected by means of a survey and three tests, typical of a performance evaluation. Satisfactory results of relevance were found that could well promote the model as a viable and reliable alternative.

The Audiovisual Media: Allies or Enemies of the State in Costa Rican Cultural Dissemination? (1950-2000)3

Yanina Ruiz Siles — 2024-07-31

The objective of this research is to explore the role that audiovisual media has played in the dissemination of Costa Rican culture and national identity by state institutions. Culture is susceptible to transformations due to external factors and audiovisual media is usually associated with the dissemination of mass culture and/or the loss of national culture. The three most used audiovisual media during the second half of the 20th century, that is, cinema, radio, television, were analyzed to demonstrate the use that the State has made of them throughout the study period. Through national legislation, as well as the institutional memories of the MEP and the MCJD from the years 1950 to 2020, the behavior of public entities in the media was analyzed. The study shows that audiovisual culture has evolved significantly in the last century and that its impact on culture is unquestionable. The function of audiovisual media adapts to the contexts, which is why State policies regarding cultural dissemination have been innovated and renewed over the years.

En favor de una patria de los trabajadores. Historia transnacional de la Confederación de Trabajadores de América Latina (1938-1953): Itineraries of Latin American Workers' Organization and Their Historiographical Incidence

Dennis Fernando Arias-Mora — 2024-01-03

Capitalist Ethnophagy in Count Dracula: a Critical and Anticolonial Reading

Xavier Brito Alvarado — 2024-07-31

Vampires are monsters that wander between life and death, they inhabit the night, they are mysterious, dangerous and seductive; a combination that terrifies and fascinates, converted into figures that can be coupled to various socio-historical contexts such as the decline of the British Empire, the rise of capitalist modernity, among others. This work as a central axis for the debate intends to assume Dracula from its historical, political and symbolic dimension that brings him closer to ethnophagic capitalism that, through seduction and deception, traps its victims. For that purpose, this essay starts from the historical analysis of Dracula as a metaphor of capitalism and explores its various social dimensions, which has traced the evolution of Western societies. Methodologically, the choice of the theoretical literature was based on different perspectives that combine literature, history, economics, politics and fantasy, which provide a broad, complex and stressful view of Dracula.

The Postmodern Territory: A Normative Approach to the Processes of Production, Organization and Orientation of Space

Juan Camilo Puentes Sánchez — 2024-01-03

Postmodernity is not limited only to the profound transformations of social or cultural structures originated in the last century, but also to certain traditional political structures such as the State and its constituent elements. Through a normative approach, this essay analyzes the changes in the territory caused by the hegemony of postmodern forces represented especially in postindustrialized capitalism, globalization, and the information and communication revolution. The preliminary results explain these transformative dynamics from three interrelated processes: the production, organization, and orientation of space. At each of these levels, the territory ceases to be a political object by nature, capable of fulfilling its congregational functions around a community political ideal, to become, instead, into a political unit that privileges other types of interests, especially, economic ones.

John Rawls and Criminal Law: Relevance of the Theory of Justice to the Study of Resocialization

Jainor Avellaneda-Vásquez — 2024-07-31

This article explores a proposal that raises the relevance of John Rawls' theory of justice in the field of criminal law. It begins by explaining the meaning of the fundamental components of this theory to then argue its application within a very important institution of criminal law: resocialization. From the still incipient discussion on the neocontractualist weighting of punitive power, the results of this study reveal that resocialization outlines a new Rawlsian political reading of criminal law. This reading revolves around the following assumptions: the political conception of the principles of justice, social cooperation and equality of opportunity in the equitable distribution of primary social goods, and the idea of the prison population as a less advantaged group in society.

Podcasting and New Audio Drama in Spanish: Towards an Intermedial Research Agenda

Ronald Sáenz Leandro — 2024-01-03

This paper examines the growing rise of fiction podcasts in Spanish within the current context of the digital literary sphere in the Hispanic sphere. Initially, the phenomenon of podcasting is analyzed as a hybrid medium that is situated at the confluence of intermediality and the recent platforming of cultural production. Then, the recent relationship between audio drama and speculative science fiction narratives is delved into, highlighting the prevalence of themes related to dystopian futures, apocalyptic imaginaries and techno-scientific speculations. Subsequently, it offers a panoramic view of the production of podcasts within this line in Latin America and Spain. The article concludes with a proposed research agenda that seeks to establish a dialogue between comparative literature and the paradigm of intermediality, with the aim of positioning sound fiction as an object of transdisciplinary study.

The representation of Chinese people in the magazine Costa Rica de Ayer y Hoy (1949-1971)

Susan Chen Mok — 2024-01-03

The objective of this research is to compile and analyze the texts of the magazine Costa Rica de Ayer y Hoy, from 1949 to 1971, related to people of Chinese descent. This was done in order to learn the type of information that was published about this community, as well as their perceived contributions, according to the representations given by the press releases. This magazine was selected because it is of Puntarenas origin, of a cultural and historical nature, and without political interference, as established by its editor and owner. The work uses qualitative research methods of content and descriptive analysis to establish the journalistic notes obtained from the primary sources, which were the published editions found in the National Library System of Costa Rica. The results show that most of the press releases are of commercial content, but also an important part of historical content. In less quantity, there are those of educational, sports, social, community and literary content. The analysis concludes that, according to this magazine, the Costa Rican Chinese community has contributed to the development of the communities where they are established.

Sociology and Literature, an Impossible Love? Reflections from (In)experience

César Guzmán Tovar — 2024-01-03

This essay reproduces and extends a conference given by the author in which he briefly reflects on the writing style in sociology. The central point of the reflection is the relationship between sociology and literature and how this relationship can be fruitful in going beyond the sociological tradition in expressing their ideas. Through three “acts”, the author presents some examples that have been inspiring in his practice of sociological writing and, at the same time, highlights his little experience in literary writing.

Analogy as a Tool for Interdisciplinary Dialogue: An Argument for Theoretical Plurality in Archaeological Key

Israel G. Ozuna García — 2024-01-03

This article arises from the need to look for intellectual tools that favor understanding the different logics of inquiry that characterize the diverse areas of social and humanistic knowledge, particularly for forming academic and professional profiles in interdisciplinary fields. The objective is to argue that analogical reasoning can serve as a tool that mediates interdisciplinary dialogue. However, for this, it is necessary to recognize that only through a theoretical reading of reality is it possible to define and justify the criteria that validate the analogical comparison between different phenomena. To meet this objective, it is analyzed and exemplified how the use of analogies operates within the tradition of archaeological thought. From this, it is observed that, even within the same disciplinary tradition, a theoretical plurality is used to account for the complexity and multiplicity of dimensions that are interwoven in human and social phenomena. Therefore, it is suggested that, in the case of interdisciplinarity, only an open attitude towards theoretical plurality will enable these tools (analogies) to help discover the multiple dimensions interwoven in human complexity.

Amateur Choral Activity: Benefits for Health and Well-being in Adults. A Critical Review of the State of the Art

Margarita Lorenzo de Reizábal — 2024-01-03

There is a body of research, still incipient but promising, in the field of vocal group activities, and their impact on the health and well-being of people, that is synthesized in this work. Here I provide the most relevant evidence and focuson amateur choirs of adult people. Special emphasis is placed on the generative mechanisms that relate choral singing to health and well-being in adults from four perspectives: emotional, mental, social and physiological. It is argued that a choral group functions as a team, that there are differences between men and women in the emotional responses to choral activities, and amateur choral singing is approached as a formative leisure activity for which it is necessary to apply adequate didactic strategies to a group of adults from an andragogic approach. Finally, a critical reflection is presented on the strengths and weaknesses of the research carried out so far, such as the lack of synergies between the studies carried out, a certain positivist bias that avoids visualizing and also analyzing the cons of choral practice, and the lack of musical, leadership and relational indicators that could explain part of the results obtained and even limit them.

Somaliland: Fraternity in Female Key. Rhymed Resistance for Peace (1991-1996)

María Gabriela Mata Carnevali — 2024-01-03

In the postmodern pluralist vein that opens the way to new ways of reading texts and history, the bicentenary of the French Revolution (1789) awakened a renewed interest in its principled triad in general, but above all in fraternity as a political category. Its importance for peace-building and the evolution of democracies became clear from the first studies carried out in Europe and Latin America. This article discusses fraternity in the context of the formation and consolidation of Somaliland as an independent state from Somalia (1991-1996), and its relevance to the debate on civil resistance and the different nonviolent forms of struggle. Given the undisputed prominence of women, especially women poets, it is possible to underline the importance and particularities of female participation in this kind of movements and the relevance of the arts as a means of struggle.

Prejudice in the Anti-modernist Campaign of the Newspaper A Gazeta de São Paulo (1921-1922)

Jorge Israel Ortiz Vergara — 2024-01-03

The purpose of this article is to verify the existence and analyze the prejudiced content of the newspaper A Gazeta de São Paulo’s campaign against the modernist movement between 1921 and 1922. The texts were found by searching with keywords in the Digital Newspaper Library of the National Library of Brazil. It was determined that A Gazeta produced different types of journalistic texts that conveyed ableism, homophobia, misogyny, and racism. In addition, musical terms were derogatorily linked to black, indigenous, and popular culture. During the campaign, several artists were mentioned, including modernist Mário de Andrade, who was criticized and reviled. Therefore, it was established that the author analyzed texts with explicit prejudice and recorded considerations about the character and effects of prejudice. The analysis of the “anti-futurist reaction” reveals the incipient reception of Andrade and the modernist movement, the use of prejudice in the artistic debate, and the social construction of prejudice.

On Collaterals for Democracy in the Digital Age

Juan Carlos Lozano Cuervo — 2024-01-03

Democracy in the digital age brings with it new concerns amid the atmosphere of mistrust, the crisis of representation and democratic fatigue that contributes to heightened buzz and deepens confusion, especially in electoral times. In this sense, the digital village introduces new practices that must be understood and debated as they revolve around a manipulated hyperinformed individualism that affects liberal democracy. The public debate in key with virtual public communication and, at the same time, the collaterals for the democratic project must be the object of reflection before the open manipulation seeking the border between the exercise of freedom of expression and prior censorship.

Vicissitudes of the Implementation of the Ethno-cultural Model of Nation in Identity Construction in Sub-saharan Africa: a case study

Goualo Lazare Flan — 2023-07-31

The text analyzes the limitations of the implementation of the ethno-cultural model of nation in the construction of identity in sub-Saharan Africa based on the case of Ivory Coast. It is a qualitative inquiry that resorts to the case study method, based on documentary research and in-depth interviews for data collection, as well as on induction and discourse analysis for information interpretation. The research highlights that the identity issue has been problematic in the construction of the Ivorian State in particular and sub-Saharan Africa in general, due to the fact that the identity models implemented, mostly inherited from the West, do not fit with the complex reality and the densely heterogeneous ethnological structure of the countries of this region and, at the same time, respond clumsily in their implementation to particular agendas and political interests of the governments in power.

An Alternative Reading of the Cold War in Latin America. Regarding the Text America & the Transnational Cold War by Patricio Herrera González

Javier Agüero García — 2023-01-01

Emotions Immersed in the Social Water Representations in Students of Monterrey, Nuevo León

Martha Castillo-Pedraza — 2024-07-31

This paper explores the social representations that emerge from daily social and individual interactions with water, making the water resource a fundamental element in the daily practices of humanity. These social representations, which involve beliefs, meanings and emotions, are analyzed from the perspective of Victoria Camps' government of emotions, exploring the following question: what emotions characterize the social representations of water expressed by young people? The objective is to establish a connection between the emotions present in these social representations and their potential to influence social practices related to water. Empirical data obtained through qualitative research involving in-depth interviews are presented. We begin by outlining the social representations of water, followed by an analysis of the emotions underlying them.

Digital Content and the Problem of Excellence in Neoliberal Culture

Emmanuel Godínez-Burgos — 2023-01-01

Digital content platforms show multiple individuals performing activities that can be qualified as frivolous or dangerous. This article examines the problem of digital content creation that abandons the idea of excellence, approaching it from the notion of practice and the development of internal goods to it, proposed by MacIntyre (2004), and from the critique of individualism in contemporary culture. It is argued that digital content creators' disregard for excellence, within the framework of neoliberalism, represents a form of individualistic success that corrupts practices and erodes their sense of community.

Between the Taste for Instrumental Music and the Walk in the Fresh Air. Programming and Sociability in the Orchestral Concerts of the Jardín Florida (Buenos Aires, 1880-1883)

Nicolás Ojeda — 2023-01-01

This article explores the musical experiences of a recreational space in the center of Buenos Aires, the Jardín Florida, towards the beginning of the 1880s. For this, the musical programs highlighted during three different seasons –each with featured repertoires– are recovered, and the forms of interaction with and around music are reconstructed according to the social practices of the elite that visited the Jardín. The analysis focuses on the season best documented by the music press, characterized by the primacy of "classical" concerts in its programs (1881-1882). The proposed hypothesis resides in the fact that this recreational space included a scenario tensened by different factors of the musical environment of Buenos Aires: the searches of particular agents to expand the presence of their repertoires and the participation of an audience that diversified in tastes and forms of consumption due to the active musical sociabilities in the city.

Seduction and Social Domination: Notes for the Construction of an Ideal Type

Alejandro José Saldaña Rosas — 2023-01-01

In this paper we propose for debate the concept of Capitalist Mode of Seduction (CMS), as the ideal type to account for contemporary social domination processes. It is a work of theoretical reflection, based on diverse empirical fieldwork research, which seeks to stimulate the discussion on the processes of domination and the conceptual references necessary for social research in digital capitalism. The main features of CMS are: a) domination occurs fundamentally through consumption; b) companies and organizations are the vehicle of CMS; c) seduction operates through the mobilization of the motor imaginary and the hook imaginary, in particular, exalting narcissism in consumption; d) consumption has an important ludic component, which facilitates domination; e) capitalist seduction necessarily implies social exclusion. One of the conclusions is that understanding the CMS opens up possibilities for building possible utopias.

Literature and Politics in the Socialist Militancy of Enrique Anderson Imbert

Javier Guiamet — 2023-01-01

This article analyzes Enrique Anderson Imbert's interventions in the literary page of the socialist newspaper La Vanguardia during the 1930s. In a context characterized by an increased politicization of literature and intellectuals related to the broad spectrum of the left in Argentina, Anderson Imbert constituted a voice that was both singular and representative of the problems and concerns linked to the attempt to combine literature and politics within an ideological program.

Positivism and University Reform in Honduras During the Government of Marco Aurelio Soto (1876-1883)

José Manuel Cardona Amaya — 2023-07-31

This paper exposes the university reform based on positivism led by the government of Marco Aurelio Soto (1876-1883) in Honduras. Its objective is to demonstrate how the reformers raised the positivist philosophy as an advance compared to the humanistic model that Honduran university previously had and how this current of thought was reflected in the Code of Public Instruction of 1882. Original sources of the time were used, through which it was possible to show the arguments used by the reformers to adopt the positivist model. It was concluded that the university reform promoted by the liberal reformers in Honduras failed and that the model faced reforms and readjustments in the years immediately following its imposition.

The Walter Benjamin´s Chessboard: An Interpretation of the Thesis I about the Concept of History

Omar J. Ureña Soto — 2023-01-01

This paper analyzes the thesis I About the concept of history of Walter Benjamin in relation with the theory of fetichism of the merchandise and provides an integrated interpretation on the subject developed by Michael Löwy, Enrique Dussel and Franz Hinkelammert. The interpretation is primarily focused on an object which almost no attention has been given in an image offered to us by Benjamin: The image of the chessboard where “Historical Materialism” has always triumphed. This essay holds that one of the fundamental elements to understand how to conceive “history against the grain” is, who is the loser in front the chessboard? The question has an intention to go out of the objects that Benjamin presents in this text and show an interpretative key for an overview of this thesis.

Indigenous People of Costa Rica and the Construction of its Imaginary from the Perspective of the Social Studies Curriculum: The Maleku Case

Juan Carlos Naranjo Segura — 2023-07-31

This article summarizes the findings of the final graduation project, which aimed to analyze the dynamics of the official curriculum within the Social Studies program and its role in constructing imagery about indigenous peoples of Costa Rica, in contrast to the reality of these communities and their self-perception. The Maleku group was used as a reference, as well as the representations of ninth-grade students at the Colegio Técnico Profesional (CTP), in Zarcero, about these ethnic groups. The study considered aspects such as the economy, culture, daily life, and even myths and realities. The methodology was qualitative, using techniques such as life stories, semi-structured interviews, qualitative questionnaires, content analysis, and group interviews. It was determined that the program does not create stereotypes, but reproduces them. Furthermore, the opinions and assessments made by Maleku indigenous peoples about their reality break those stereotypes reproduced in the curriculum.

Subjectivity and Coloniality: Historical Alliances that Perpetuate Oppressions

Valentina Giuliano — 2024-01-03

What is the place of the relationship between subjectivity and coloniality in psychoanalytic training? With whom do we think or whom do we read? From what place? What movements hide this formation? These are some of the questions that serve as a starting point to reflect on the link between psychoanalysis and Latin American philosophy. This connection allows us to open new questions about the object of study of psychoanalysis: the subject/subjectivities. The general objective that runs through these pages has to do with investigating the contributions that decolonial philosophy can make to the critique of the ideas of subject/subjectivity carried out from group psychoanalysis, understanding that the idea of the subject could also be criticized from decoloniality as a modern/colonial notion —which is installed in the training core of psychology professionals—. The importance of this journey allows us to notice some of the consequences of thinking about the subject/subjectivities in a Eurocentric way, which reproduces and feeds totalizations that generate discomfort on the basis of avoiding the exploitations and classifications that have been taking place since before the expansion of the capitalism, precisely since the 16th century, and that has been imposing places to occupy according to interrelated variables of class, gender and race.

Intellectuals Inventing Heroes: Public Memoirs About Rodrigo Carazo Odio in Costa Rica (1969-2009)

Randall Chaves Zamora — 2023-01-01

Former president Rodrigo Carazo Odio (1978-1982) was one of the most controversial politicians in Costa Rican history during the Cold War. His presidency, which was marked by neoliberal ideas, an acute economic crisis, clashes with international financial organizations and the Sandinista Revolution, left some of the most unpopular marks on the second half of the twentieth century. Years after his mandate ended, Carazo himself, through memoirs, and a group of intellectuals, through academic studies on Carazo and by recognizing him with awards, sought to change the political memory of the country, which made negative references to his presidency. This effort finally shaped a praising and heroic vision of the former president, becoming popular among some Costa Rican intellectuals. This article dissects the intellectual invention of the former president, by examining Carazo's public memories and political speeches, as well as through research and biographies of him, in order to demonstrate the existence of a specific narrative with which this political leader was remembered, highlighting some attributes and forgetting those that could explain a critical juncture in Costa Ricas past.

Masculinities and Violence by Sexual Means: Between Punitive Approaches and Feminist Justice

Ornella Maritano — 2023-01-01

In recent years, violence by sexual means has been approached by feminisms in a scenario of tension between theoretical postulates and the practical dimension of intervention or activism on the subject. Indeed, at a conceptual level, feminism affirms that violence is a structural social phenomenon rooted in patriarchy, as well as explaining the relationship between violence and the configuration of hegemonic masculinity. However, when episodes of gender violence occur, from some sectors of society that include feminisms, greater penalties, punishments and strategies are requested to address the conflict that individualize and pathologize the men involved. This article deals with this tension, especially in relation to violence by sexual means, through the analysis of the prescriptive texts that were made from criminal justice, the media and local feminisms regarding three empirical references of Argentina. As a result of the investigation, we found that violence by sexual means produces practical encounters between conservative, neoliberal and feminist readings on this subject, which do not allow reparation strategies for the victims or the dismantling of hegemonic masculinity.

The World is Beautiful: Conceptualizations of Aestheticization in Contemporary Thought

Tatiana Staroselsky — 2023-07-31

Almost a century after Benjamin's famous diagnosis of a fascist aestheticization of politics, the concept of aestheticization has become central in many sociological, philosophical and artistic descriptions of the world in which we live. From the aestheticization of everyday life to the society of the spectacle, different authors have noted problematic forms of the presence of "the aesthetic" in areas that were in principle "non-aesthetic". In this work, I offer a cartography of some of these diagnoses as well as an interpretation of the senses that in each case acquires the very idea of aestheticization.

Be Marxist-Leninist Lesbian in Mexico City Between 1978-1987: the Complex Activism of Yan María Castro

Jan Kasnik — 2023-01-01

The goal of this article is to rebuild the historical memory of lesbian activism of Yan María Castro in Mexico City, in order to understand the social and strategic role of the Marxist-Leninist ideology for the militant organizations led by her between 1978-1987. Adopting a gender perspective and parting from the analysis of eight historical documents, the goal is to show that the activism of Castro is inserted in a society that is based upon a profoundly unequal and hegemonic gender system, oppressive towards women and non-heterosexual sexual identities. Thus, we show that the Marxist-Leninist discourse was used as a strategic tool for social mobilization, without a real politic adhesion to such ideals. Moreover, a critical reflection is held about the homogenizing pretensions of Castro as the unique leader of the Mexican lesbian activism. The final part of this paper is dedicated to an observation about the methodological challenges that this historical research had to overcome.

Intermediate Migrations in the Western Genre: An Analysis of the Red Dead Series

Juan L. Lorenzo-Otero — 2023-01-01

If there is a characteristic genre of cinema that reflects the idea of a symbolic narrative, it would undoubtedly be the western. A stereotypical staging of the audiovisual industry and North American culture, through the foundational story of the conquest of the territory. An aesthetic and narrative structure that has migrated to other media such as comics, television, novels, and video games. It is in this last scenario where the Red Dead series is analysed to observe how the most characteristic elements of the far west -in all its aspects- are introduced in this videoludic environment designed by Rockstar Games through an intermediate narrative proposal.

Revisiting Genesis: Living as Misspelling

Mihai Băcăran — 2023-01-02

This paper revisits the online documentation of Eduardo Kac’s work Genesis (1999) in order to address the problematic of embodiment as it emerges in the process of specta(c)torship afforded by this work. The central piece of Genesis consisted in a genetically modified bacteria which incorporated an artist-designed synthetic gene created by translating into DNA base pairs a sentence from the biblical book of Genesis. The reading that I propose problematizes the meaning of the human body in view of the complex entanglement of living and technological systems that appears in this work. Relying on elements from the archival theory formulated by Jacques Derrida, this paper reads Genesis as an attempt to playfully undo the origin (the human master of nature, and the associated duality between culture and nature) form inside the very history that this origin grounds, by folding into one another the cultural archive of the written biblical fragment, the technological archive that makes the work possible, and the DNA as an archive of chemical sequences that constitutes the fundament of life. The article also raises the question of how to address environmental crisis from a perspective that does not rely on the figure of the human and on the nature/culture divide.

The Thought of After Auschwitz and Colonialism: An Interpellation by C. R. L. James and Aimé Césaire

Roberto Israel Rodríguez Soriano — 2023-07-31

In this paper, there will be an exposition of the theoretical bases on the Adornian position of After Auschwitz, whose analysis focuses on what it establishes about modernity, Western rationality and the Enlightenment, as well as the interpretation of the implications of Auschwitz. Based on these approaches, a contrast of ideas is proposed through an exposition of the critical perspective of modernity and Western rationality produced by two important Afro-Caribbean authors in the 1950s: Aimé Césaire and C. R. L. James. Both authors, in their respective critiques, address the problem of Nazism. However, unlike the Adornian position of After Auschwitz, the starting point of Afro-Caribbean thinkers is not Nazism, nor Auschwitz, but slavery and colonialism that European nations undertook throughout the world, and which, according to them, implied the beginning of the deployment of modern violence.

Towards New Rhythmic Horizons of Education. An Ecocritical Approach to the Theater Play Terrenal

Pablo Cosentino — 2023-07-31

This paper reflects on a philosophy of education centered on the perception of rhythms in accordance with forms of relationship with the environment, based on care for life. In this direction, we will carry out an ecocritical analysis of the play Terrenal. Pequeño misterio ácrata (2014) by Mauricio Kartun, which allows theorizing about the relevance of paying attention to the rhythms, pulses, and harmonies of literary texts (and other artistic formats) in the construction of educational proposals that aspire to dislocate the expansive logic of the current societies of globalized capitalism. The critical analysis of this issue is of particular relevance when it comes to envisioning alternative ways of life that can be related, in a more harmonious way, to the scales and proportions emerging from the interaction between the multiplicity of beings that make up a territory of life.

Reconfigurations of the Desert and The Argentine Nation: The Case of The Adventures of China Iron, by Gabriela Cabezon Camara. An Approach from The Latin American Neo-baroque Conceived as a Reading Device

Sebastián Nicolás Cardella — 2023-01-01

The adventures of China Iron is a text that, through a deep intertextual dialogue with José Hernández’s canonized Martin Fierro, takes up and redefines one of the foundational figures of modern argentinian: the desert. Therefore, these article seeks to analyze the way in which Gabriela Cabezón Cámara’s text rewrites that figure –and with it, that of the nation– using the principles and guidelines that make up de Latin American neo-baroque not only as poetics, but mainly as a reading device. Thus, the work demonstrates, on the one hand, the epistemic and methodological potential of the neo-baroque, feasible to become a properly Latin American hermeneutic modality of textual artifacts. On the other, the way in which The adventures can be read from that perspective, and consequently, how desert and nation are reconfigured in a neo-baroque sense, neutralizing all kinds of binarisms and schemes typical of Western rationality. Which reveals, in turn, the enormous political potential tha the Latin American neo-baroque also entails.

The Patriarchal Construction of the Female Captivity of Beauty Illustrated in Twentieth Century Costa Rican Stories

Jorge Sanabria León — 2023-07-31

The objective of this analysis is to identify features of the ideal of beauty represented, as a model of feminine identity, in ten Costa Rican short stories written between the years 1900 and 2000. The ideal of beauty in Costa Rican literature presupposes that cultural creation reproduces patterns of sociocultural socialization. Ten Costa Rican short stories were analyzed to illustrate the representations of the ideal of beauty for women as referents of female socialization models in Costa Rican culture. The applied methodology is based on deep psychoanalytic hermeneutics, which allowed analysis at various levels of meaning, from the intrinsic game in the text-reader relationship, which articulates the function of images, to the symbolizations in the text as an agent of socialization that collects, transmits, and debates sociocultural constructions (Sanabria, 2007). The study highlights that the ideal of female beauty does not refer exclusively to the physical appearance, but rather encompasses and controls various areas of women's subjectivity. It is a set of social orders directed towards women that are not static, but rather continue to adapt historically to patriarchal mandates on the female sociocultural role, which implies psychosocial impositions for female subordination where beauty is imposed as a form of captivity.

Modernity and Psychotherapy: Two Interpretative Horizons

Alejandro Cifuentes-Muñoz — 2023-01-01

This article aims to analyze two interpretive focuses around modernity in psychotherapy: one that describes its successes, positioning itself in favor of modernity, and another that represents its mistakes in the discipline, placing itself against it. For this, a contextual framework on modernity and psychotherapy is exposed. Then, through a hermeneutical methodology, both interpretative focuses are developed. The first (in favor) converges on how modernity has promoted the scientific status of psychotherapy, while the second (against) focuses on the epistemological implications of modernity in clinical practice. Finally, reflects on some possibilities of integration of the debate are presented through analogical hermeneutics and Feyerabend's epistemological pluralism.

The Online Brothel. Homosociality and Masculinities Among Men Who Pay for Sex in Argentina.

Santiago Morcillo — 2023-01-01

For many heterosexual men, the sexual market, in addition to offering sex, has offered spaces for homosocial exchanges, and as such suspected of reproducing gender asymmetries. However, in the last decade these spaces have been transformed in their forms of visibility and accessibility. In this period online sites emerged and consolidated as places where men who pay for sex exchange experiences and socialize. Based on a virtual ethnography carried out in the two most important online forums in Argentina, this article analyzes forms of homosociality in these virtual spaces, and their links and tensions with different forms of masculinity. The analysis articulates the dynamics of homosocial sharing and its transformations in online forums, taking into account the role of the sexual market economy itself. The aim is to understand the links between these forms of homosociality, the reproduction (or not) of the patterns that sustain gender asymmetries and the specific characteristics of the interaction between men in the online world.

Conception, Practice, and Teaching of Musical Expressiveness. A case study

Arantza Lorenzo de Reizábal — 2023-01-01

This article shows an empirical research situated in the field of musical performance. Its aim is to find out musicians’ thoughts about musical expressiveness and its teaching, in order to deepen and advance in their knowledge and didactic approach. The study, which follows a descriptive method, was carried out with 219 subjects, including teachers and students from a conservatory. The methodological approach applied is quantitative, based on the calculation of basic descriptive statistics, and focused on administering to the participants a questionnaire prepared specifically for the research. The results show that the level of comprehension and emotional intelligence are factors that influence expressiveness, and that this is the most valued characteristic by a performer. On the other hand, it is verified that the work of expressiveness within the performance creation process does not follow standardized guidelines and is taught with different didactic strategies, which normally attend to the student's academic level, although models based on the use of metaphors and technical instructions prevail. Finally, it is concluded that the teaching of expressiveness should be standardized.

Narration and Journalism. Towards a Study of “Narrativity” in The News, The Serial News and The Reportage

Martín Koval — 2023-01-01

The study of factual narratives is in full development at the international level and represents a growing object of interest for post-classical narratology. The aim of this paper is to account for the usefulness of the gradualist notion of “narrativity” for the study of the similarities and differences between three genres of journalistic praxis (news, serial news and a sub-type of journalistic narrative that we will call “overcoming story”) and the way they are received by the reader. Accordingly, firstly, the usefulness of two variables (completeness/incompleteness and presence/absence of narrative tension) is explored in order to make a first series of typological distinctions. Secondly, the result of this enquiry is reconsidered from the perspective of “degrees of narrativity”. Finally, the article proposes some conclusions aimed at showing the productivity of applying this focus to an approach to narrative in journalism as a particular field within the broad spectrum of factual discursivity.

Analysis of the Discrimination against Groups in Situation of Vulnerability from a Legal, Social and Ethical Perspective

José Barquet Muñoz — 2023-07-31

The purpose of this article is to make an analysis related to the act of discrimination. In order to do such analysis, it is required to make a brief incursion into an ethical perspective, considering the studies related to concepts such as equality and dignity, as well as types of discrimination and intersectional discrimination. Moreover, a legal and social perspective is offered to obtain a universal concept from the international regulations, such as the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and applicable regional and special international conventions. Furthermore, Mexico will be exposed as an example to develop the concept of discrimination because it is a country where the regulation against discrimination has been widely enacted. Finally, a brief description of five groups in situations of vulnerability will be made to consider that, despite not being a minority groups, they have historically been victims of structural discrimination. The analysis of the concepts and examples exposed in this article may be a guidance to identify the acts of discrimination presented in different forms and, moreover, aid to take action to avoid these acts and react against them to be able to coexist under a healthy ethical and social order.

Próceras: A Review of the Founding National Myth Through a Selection of Works by the Artist Tamara Goldenberg

Guillermina Cabra — 2022-07-01

This article will address a selection of works by the artist Tamara Goldenberg, who problematizes issues about the role of women and femininities in the narrative of traditional Argentine history, recovering the place of female figures through different aesthetic procedures. In this study various productions of the artist are analyzed, such as photographs, an installation and an object-catalogue that invite us, as spectators, to redirect our gaze towards a questioning about the idea of a unique and official narration written and carried out by white cis-males. At the same time, the purpose of this essay is to think of the artistic work of T. Goldenberg as a contemporary contribution within a long, but little spread and documented genealogy of recovery of female figures in the story of the founding of the nation, not only through art, but also through literature and the Argentine press.

The Quantitative and Qualitative Approaches as Methodological Support in Educational Research: An Epistemological Analysis

José Alfonso Jiménez Moreno — 2022-07-01

This article is an essay that analyzes the problem of the technical division of quantitative and qualitative educational research. For its understanding, considers an analysis of the epistemological foundations of the objective and subjective, from authors such as Descartes, Berkeley and Habermas, as well as Kant and Husserl. The executed analysis allows us to observe that the classification between these two gateways is not based on epistemic grounds, yet it is based on the technicality. Both stances use intersubjective processes for the construction of knowledge, therefore, the apparent condition of dichotomy changes into an articulation of dialectical nuances among forms of work. As a conclusion, the classification of educational research from a quantitative and a qualitative point of view reduces an ontological discussion of science to a technicality. A reorientation of the debate about educational research from an epistemological perspective is suggested, avoiding dogmatic reproduction from the training of educational researchers.

The Postmodern, a Conceptual Clarification

Juan Camilo Puentes — 2022-07-01

Because of the profound transformations of the 20th century, especially the technological and communicative ones, political science has adapted new epistemological instruments to explain reality and political phenomena. One of these tools was the postmodern approach, which emerged strongly in the philosophical discipline but, gradually, became an autonomous school of thought that incorporates its own principles, rules, and values. However, either due to the scientific reluctance it generates or its transdisciplinary origin, very little academic literature has rigorously developed the epistemological characteristics of this approach: its normative nature, its conceptual boundaries, or its explanatory scope. For this reason, this article seeks to give an unequivocal meaning to the postmodern in the political universe, accounting for its application as a school of thought (postmodernism) and as a historical period (postmodernity), using a methodology typical of the political theory, specifically, conceptual clarification.

Comprehensive University Training from The Context of the Humanities and its Contribution to Experiential Learning for Service

Ernesto Fajardo Pascagaza — 2022-07-01

This article aims to carry out a reflective and contextualized exercise on the transversal value of the humanities from its contribution to the comprehensive training processes of university students from its innovative contribution to experiential service learning. For this purpose, in this text some aspects that seek to support the role of the humanities in comprehensive university education and its correlation with experiential education for service are worked on. A reflective exercise is carried out on the relevance of comprehensive training and the teaching of the humanities in university institutions, to understand the opportune moment of higher education and the humanities as well as the establishment of the change in the way of thinking from the humanities. and its relationship with the teaching-learning process and its contribution to training for leadership and the new times, having as reference the guiding principles of comprehensive humanistic training, and its innovative contribution to service-oriented experiential learning. In this way, socioformation is used as the guiding pedagogical model of this reflection.

Farewell Words and Recognition to Dr. Ángel Ocampo Álvarez

Ronald Alberto Solano Jiménez — 2022-07-01

La Jota, aragonesa y cosmopolita: a new perspective of exotic music between Europe and America in the 19th century

María Belén Marcos Segura — 2022-07-01

Approaches Towards a Synthetic Understanding of the Freedom

Luis Carlos Sierra Ávila — 2022-07-01

Sometimes discussions of freedom focus on specific parts of the phenomenon, reducing it to elements of the being and not to its completeness. Therefore, the intention of this paper is to create a narrative of human freedom as an ontological condition, starting from the preconditions that allow its constitution, to the way in which we exercise it. Thus, this text represents the path that the being travels to exercise its freedom.

The Contribution of Art to Climate Change Communication

Mei-Hsin Chen — 2022-07-01

This article examines how and why the climate change project needs the collaboration of artists to address climate challenges from a psychological perspective. Artists can act as buffers between the public and scientific data as well as motivate a more enriching dialogue through the impact of art that addresses climate change. In other words, artists play an increasingly significant role in both raising awareness of and engaging the public on the issue of climate. Artists can turn their works into an effective tool for climate communication thanks to a number of psychological qualities that artwork provides. The message conveyed by a work of climate change art transcends mere intellectual communication because it appeals to the viewer's emotions, invites them to contemplate and interiorize the reality of climate, inspires them and makes them aspire to make decisions and take actions that might change the future of our planet.

Tracing Lack: Lacan, the Letter and The Origin of the World

María del Carmen Molina Barea — 2022-07-01

The present paper provides creative insight into Jacques Lacan’s theoretical understanding of sexual difference from an unconventional perspective, in the attempt to develop a critical approach as well as a concrete alternative to the Lacanian declaration the woman does not exist. To this end, this paper revisits the notion of unconscious desire, methodologically inspired by Gilles Deleuze and Felix Guattari and Luce Irigaray. In this line, it will also redefine the power of the letter as trace’s enjoyment, thus subverting the potential of Chinese and Japanese calligraphy analyzed by Lacan. With this aim, certain cases studies will be of use, such as the Taoist painter Shitao, the semiographies painted by André Masson, and The Origin of the World, the painting by Gustave Courbet which was owned by Lacan himself. The crucial aspect is ultimately to locate lack as the essential product of castration within the symbolic signifier -also knowned as Phallus and the Name of the Father- which rules the Other’s production of subjectivity, excluding women from language and representation.

Art as a Generator of Emotions: A Study of Eight Postgraduate Student Narratives

Margarita Lorenzo de Reizabal — 2022-07-01

This study presents the analysis of the emotions aroused through art and embodied in eight narratives generated by university postgraduate students at two Spanish universities during the 2020-2021 academic year. The contemplation of different artistic manifestations (music, painting, sculpture and poetry) has led to written stories with very diverse emotional expressions through metaphors, symbols and discursive emblems analyzed and categorized in light of the theoretical review around the art-emotions relationship. The results obtained corroborate the ability of art to transmit emotions in adult university students; they show a wide range of emotions, going beyond the basic categories of fear, anger, sadness and happiness established in the literature (Ekman, 1992, and Goleman, 1995); confirm the relevance of art as a tool for self-knowledge and introspection. The methodology used follows a qualitative paradigm of interpretive analysis of narratives, supported by the epistemological bases of hermeneutics and phenomenology. The description and interpretive understanding of human behavior in the individual's own frame of reference is pursued. The interpretational, sociolinguistic and semiological analysis of the discourses have guided the search for latent meanings and symbolic linguistic structures in relation to the emotions experienced, felt or suggested by the participants.

The Psychopedagogy Section after 40 Years of Service. Contributions in The Training of Teachers at The University of Costa Rica

Kathia Alvarado Calderón — 2022-07-01

This article presents a reflection about the history and actions from the Psychopedagogy Section, as a component from the School of Counseling and Special Education from University of Costa Rica (UCR). A historical revision is made about the emergence of UCR’s Faculty of Education, as well as the creation of the academic unit that holds the Section. From this point, psychopedagogical aspects are addressed as a field of theory and action, with a social and humanistic lens taken from the specific approaches that the Psychopedagogy Department has offered throughout the years, as well as its limitations and achievements within the national landscape of Costa Rican teacher’s upbringing. Finally, risks and opportunities for the present and future are discussed regarding the impact that this Section has had in the training of Costa Rican teachers, going beyond 40 years of the Section’s creation.

Between Philosophy and Literature: Albert Camus and the Transition of Absurd Existence towards the Community of Solidarity

Martín Buceta — 2022-07-01

In his Carnets Camus affirmed that we only think by the image, so the philosopher must write novels. This assertion is largely noted in Camus' philosophical-literary project. It is possible to find in his written production a fluctuation in which philosophical works are mirrored with novels that place the problems in a literary way. In the particular case of The Rebel what can be found is an explanation of certain images offered by him earlier in The Plague and The State of Siege. In this article, the aim is to explore the philosophical itinerary of Camus that leads him to make a transition from the consideration of the absurd existence, typical of The Myth of Sisyphus and The Stranger, towards the postulation of a solidarity community that recognizes a human nature, which occurs in The Rebel, The Plague and The State of Siege.

A Philosophical Reading of The Marquise De Gange (1813) by The Marquis De Sade

Andrés Solano-Fallas — 2022-07-01

This text undertakes a descriptive-analytical approach that the Marquis de Sade made on four philosophical issues, or that may be of interest for philosophical work, contained in the novel The Marquise de Gange (1813). The topics to be discussed are: considerations on the concepts of nature, religion and God, as well as on matters related to marriage and the supposed role of female submission. In each of them, emphasis is placed on the postulates or ideas that guided their reflection, as well as the criticisms that emerge from them. Regarding the methodical, the article is channeled into an approach typical of analytical philosophy, in which Sade's text is carefully scrutinized, providing the proper textual evidence, for the sake of systematization, clarity and precision of the topics in question. It is concluded that the approach to these four themes is not a mere narrative resource in his novel, but that the novel itself is a space in which it is possible to observe the critical reflection that the Marquis sustained with themes that were in vogue at the time.

Demystifying the Human Species from Behavioral Economy

Armenio Pérez Martínez — 2022-01-01

The contributions of the Behavioral Economy contribute to demystify these statements that justify certain discriminatory behaviors of the human being. This article aims to analyze the Behavioral Economy criteria that contribute to demystifying the human essence and its harmful behaviors for the development of life on the planet. A theoretical investigation is carried out, based on the selection of classic works from the last 50 years that address the subject under study, applying theoretical methods such as analysis and synthesis. It is concluded that human rationality is limited, information is partially perceived, incompletely analyzed, and decisions are influenced by heuristics and cognitive biases, in addition to people's emotions and moods. Thus, the positions of hegemonic superiority of the human being in nature and of man over woman are demystified.

Capitalism of Seduction, Exposure and Emotion in the Gradual Like’s Society

Luis Alfonso Briceño-Montilla — 2022-01-01

The capitalism of seduction, exposure and emotion are a series of analogies that involve aspects such as the implicit need for representation, similar to consumer dynamics; Notions such as self-exploitation, crisis of representation, as well as mechanisms and strategies from the field of psychology, are some of the elements that are related to activities carried out by large technology companies (Facebook), such as corporatist domination maneuvers in the universe. of the network. Thus, the objective of this essay revolves around critically and interpretively reflecting on assumptions such as ideology of need, spectacle, indignation, transparency, attention, emoji language, "eroticism" as profit, acceleration, rapid circulation of information, addiction and concentration of users. The implicit methodology is situated in the field of analogical hermeneutics, in order to contribute with a critical theoretical contribution of a social nature. As for the final reflections, these revolve around memes as a rational and logical disruption of viral circulation in line with the allusion of the like society.

The place of the Amazon in history textbooks in Brazil: about history, narrative and teaching

Erinaldo Cavalcanti — 2022-01-01

The article proposes to analyze how the Brazilian Amazon is represented in the history textbooks of the final years of elementary school, approved in the National Textbook Program (PNLD) 2020. For this, we selected 40 books published in 10 collections that offer their products and compete as options for the acquisition of textbooks that will be used by thousands of students, teachers and teachers working in the public education network. The analyzes show a narrative that represents the Amazon inhabited by people without a name, represented in a generalized way and associated with the time of the appearance of the first inhabitants in the Americas and the time of Portuguese colonization.

The Origin of Bauhaus Humanism (1919-1933) in Classical Greek Culture: A Look Through the Female Student Body

Marisa Vadillo Rodríguez — 2022-01-01

The goal of this investigation is to explore a hitherto unconsidered connection that links the pedagogy of the celebrated Bauhaus (1919-1933) with classical humanist ideals, the essential origins of which take us back to classical Greece: physis, paideia, the temple, harmony and geometry. The investigation is based on a methodology involving historical and hermeneutic study of a qualitative nature, the primary sources for which are original documents held at the Bauhaus-Archiv in Berlin together with the international bibliography consulted at the Warburg Institute of the University of London, whereby the earlier information from the German archive is placed in the context of classical Greek culture. In order to highlight this connection in its least-explored guise, the personalities and figures used for the investigation are confined to the female students, owing to their being less well-known participants in the general artistic output of the school. The article supports and corroborates the thesis as initially set out: that the Bauhaus – possibly the last classical humanist school in Europe – was closer to Greek culture than has previously been thought, and that this phenomenon, which enabled them to make the leap to their respective vanguards, was present in the output of its female students.

From Artistic Creation to the Representation of the Imaginary, and Popular Culture in the Comic Books Genre

Milena dos Santos — 2022-01-01

This paper analyzes elements that characterize aspects of artistic creation, mimesis, and representation of the imaginary, and popular culture in the Comic books genre produced by students of the Degree in Rural Education: Codes and Languages – Arts and Music at the Federal University of Tocantins. Methodologically, a participant research was carried out, with a qualitative approach. The results show that it is necessary to understand the aesthetics of the Comic books genre, its relationship with literature, as well as mimesis in artistic-literary production. And one of the ways to understand the representations of the imaginary and popular culture in comics is through aesthetic creation, and literature.

From Benjamin to Kluge: the Centrality of Erfahrung in Critical Theory's Reflection on Cinema

Eugenia Roldán — 2022-01-01

The aim of this paper is to develop the centrality of the category Erfahrung [experience] within Critical Theory, in regard to the possibilities of a critical cinema. In methodological terms, , this paper outlines a genealogy in this tradition that takes as its origin a dialectical notion of Erfahrung held by Walter Benjamin (introducing secondarily insights from Siegfried Kracauer and Theodor W. Adorno); and that continues in the appropriation and actualization of the category present in the theoretical and cinematographic work of Alexander Kluge. Rather than providing a gnoseological or political sense, this approach to experience lets us showing a double valence of the concept with significant consequences for the cultural sphere. Thus, this investigation argues that this category of Erfahrung allows critical thinkers both to identify the atrophy or loss of experience in the context of reification and repetition of the culture industry and to suggest a transformation of the horizon of experience in which cinema could participate. In consequence, put in Klugelian terms, the argument contends that cinema as a public countersphere would make it possible to mobilize the rest of uncolonized experience that survives in the fantasy of human beings and to activate another venue for social experience through public debate and discussion.

Presences and Absences: Comparative Analysis of Three Narratives about the Independence in the Writing of V. F. López, Rosario Orrego and Iris (Chile, 1845-1930)

Montserrat Arre Marfull — 2022-01-01

The article aims to compare three didactic-doctrinal narratives, written by a male author and two female authors (Vicente Fidel López, Rosario Orrego and Iris), which have in common their reference to the time of the Chilean Revolution of Independence (1810-1818). We will take certain ideas from Sociocriticism to establish the interdiscursive relationship between the works, mainly using the concept of ideoseme, that is part of this methodological proposal. Through the review of the narrated events and the characters that are mentioned, described or omitted, we will reflect on the social characterization (race, class, sex) of those who participate in these narratives, in order to show how said formative moment Chilean identity was interpreted and represented in subsequent decades, establishing continuities and differences between these stories. We will observe that there is a certain continuity between these three stories, where López's proposal, the idea of the criollo that is established as the possible option for a revolutionary and civilizing transformation, is continued in certain aspects by Orrego and Iris, although it also concludes that these female authors, despite their differences, insert the perspective from the woman’s agency as well, absent in López.

Effective Instrumental Practice Strategies. First steps when studying a Musical Work by Silvia Tripiana Muñoz, Libargo Publisher

Vicenta Gisbert Caudeli — 2022-01-01

Considerations for the Statistical Visibility of the Trans* Population in the Costa Rican Educational System

Wendy Jiménez Asenjo — 2022-01-01

It is considered that the statistical visibility of the trans* population is necessary for the effective recognition of human rights. Therefore, it is necessary to review the way in which gender variables and indicators are currently constructed and analyze them in the light of some theoretical discussions that should be considered in an effort to contribute to a new proposal that accounts for the gender diversity present in Costa Rican schools. It is concluded that the variable sex (male-female) is still used as part of the ways in which the student body is classified, so it is necessary to have the definition of new variables and indicators that contribute to the design of a policy education aimed at respecting and recognizing a population that has historically been excluded from the system because of their gender identification.

Violence Without a Trace. A Study about Female Stereotypes and Violence as Obstacles in the Prosecution of Complaints in Queretaro, Mexico

Karen Edith Córdova Esparza — 2022-01-01

The paper shows, from a critical feminist perspective of law, some of the obstacles to the prosecution of cases of moral violence against women in the criminal justice system of Queretaro. The study was carried out based on ethnography in spaces of justice and feminist ethnography, by observing the complaint processes of women-victims in the Center for Justice for Women in Querétaro, semi-structural interviews with justice operators and, in-depth interviews with women victims of violence, prepared, respectively, during the periods February-April and September-October 2020. It was found that stereotypes about the duty of women and the stereotype that violence against women, predominantly takes the form of physical violence, constitute obstacles to the prosecution in the criminal sphere of moral violence, which character is subtle and manifests itself without leaving physical traces. Consequently, it is proposed that from a critical feminist perspective that observes the law not as an objective and neutral unit but as a producer of gender, it is possible to find that these stereotypes continue to maintain asymmetric power relations between women and men in the patriarchal order.

With the heart on paper. History and love letter theory

Maria Rovira Gordillo — 2022-01-01

Jiménez Sureda, M. (2020). Amb el cor al paper. Història i teoria de les cartes d’amor (1.ª edición). Bellaterra: Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. 525 pp. ISBN 978-84-490-9322-7.

The Philosophy of Trolling: an Interpretive Review

Juan Antonio González de Requena Farré — 2021-07-01

The growing interest of social sciences and humanities in the phenomenon of Internet trolling has focused on its conceptualization, modalities, explanations and cultural backgrounds. Under the premise that trolling constitutes a transdiscursive, disruptive, delusional and self-replicating practice, this article aims to make explicit some of the historical traditions and cultural frameworks of understanding under which the phenomenon is conceived in the bibliography. Methodologically, an interpretative bibliographic review of a corpus selected for convenience was carried out. From the perspective of the symbolic scripts and traditional cultural practices that trolling updates, it can be associated with the privatization of buffoonery, universalization of slander, democratization of censorship, lynching virtualization and hybridization of conflict. It can be concluded that, rather than enabling a type of culturally transgressive and subversive practice, trolling would constitute a toxic exacerbation of moral panic and vain irony.

About the Malleability of Beliefs in the Scientific Community

Juan José Bermúdez-Vargas — 2021-07-01

The aim of this essay is to study the influence of external conditions close to a scientific community over the personal beliefs that those who are part of it tend to hold. A historical approach is given on the subject, first, starting from the origin of religions in ancient civilizations, second, commenting the impact of determinism driven by Newtonian mechanics, and, finally, highlighting a return to mysticism caused by the lack of a complete interpretation of quantum mechanics. It is concluded that there exists a significant correlation between the state of science in a particular time period and the beliefs held by the members of the scientific community associated with that period.

Images of the Other in Brazil. A Comparative Analysis of Expeditionary Artists

Ana Bugnone — 2021-07-01

This paper consists of a comparative analysis of depictions of indigenous people made in expeditions carried out in the Northeast and Amazonia of Brazil, by painter Albert Eckhout (1610-1665) and contemporary artist Claudia Andujar (1931-nowadays). The goal of this paper is to problematize the construction of these images considering the context of their production, the arrangement of bodies, the way of approaching the other, the characteristics and features of the representations and the (dis)similarities between Andujar and Eckhout. The transdisciplinary method that is used is founded on analysis of images in their historical context. We maintain that, although the artistic work of these artists stem from different ideological and cultural backgrounds, both portray subjects that were exotic to them. It was observed that Eckhout and Andujar worked with the idea of a promise, in the first case, of civilization, and in the second, of salvation. In the framework in modernity, the production of a visuality of otherness was a central aspect in both cases.

Conflicts in First-hand: an Approach to War Correspondence in Europe and America (1800-1945)

José Manuel López Torán — 2021-07-01

This article offers an overview of some of the numerous advances that epistolary exchange has been consolidating in different modern wars that took place in Europe and America. In particular, from the Napoleonic wars, at the beginning of the 19th century, to the end of the Second World War in the middle of the 20th century. The main purposes are to demonstrate the importance of correspondence during the development of hostilities, to show its suitability as a historical source and to show the impact they currently have, due to the relevant initiatives available on the Web undertaken on both continents. In order to achieve these objectives, several hundred letters and postcards that were sent by the combatants in each of the conflicts, and now in the custody of leading European and American institutions, have been analysed. In this way, it has been possible to establish the main themes they wrote and reflected about, as well as to know their feelings about the difficult situation they were experiencing. The research realized, thanks to the comparative perspective, demonstrates the multiplicity of advantages of these sources for the study of armed confrontations, the different innovations that the mail systems incorporated in each new war and the continuity in certain key themes that are present in all the wars analysed.

Typology of the Artistic Ironwork and Door in Cuzco, Arequipa, La Antigua and Cartagena de Indias as a Symbol of Social Status During the Colonial Period

José María Castro Madriz — 2021-07-01

This academic paper is the result of field research carried out during the years 2017 and 2018 in the cities of La Antigua, Cartagena de Indias, Cuzco and Arequipa. Its objective is to analyze from a typological and iconographic perspective the doors decorated with artistic ironworks of Spanish-Moorish influence, as well as the subsequent disconnection between the strictly functional and the original iconic value. The fundamental problem of analysis is the relation between production and symbolic value of ironworks are identified as objects of utilitarian art, as material testimonies of the social, political and economic framework of colonial society between the c. XVI and early c. XIX. The influence of organized and officialized guilds in blacksmithing in the style and technical development of colonial ironworks is also highlighted. Through the photographic record made in the four cities, the iconographic analysis and the consultation of historical written sources; an explanatory proposal is presented as a main conclusion by which these functional-aesthetic objects lost meaning of status associated with dominant classes to be chosen much later by criteria of taste and tradition by subaltern classes.

The Pedagogical Sense of the Arts in the Careers of Bachelor of Arts and Pedagogy in Arts in Chile

Ninoska Schenffeldt Ulloa — 2021-07-01

This article focuses on a study carried out in Chile, which seeks to understand how the Bachelor of Arts and Pedagogy in Arts careers show the intersections between the artistic and the pedagogical to the student body. Emphasis was placed on identifying how the artistic is taught as a process of relationship, an element that we call the pedagogical in art. For this, semi-structured interviews were carried out with the main artistic careers headquarters in the country. After the analysis, three categories could be established, however in this article two are addressed. First, the characteristics of the pedagogical sense were identified, which alludes to the question of how it is promoted. The second element that was observed in the analysis was the question of who promotes this pedagogical sense in the careers and it was observed that it was mainly promoted by the students and teachers, whom we call agents of change. These agents are the ones who are constantly generating transformation actions from the artistic to the communities and providing a pedagogical sense to artistic practices.

The Waves of the LGBTIQ+ Movement. A Proposal from Historiography

José Carlos Vázquez Parra — 2021-07-01

The history of homosexuality and the history of the homosexual movement are two similar but very different issues. While the former deals with the practices and development of homosexuality in the history of humanity, the latter focuses on the struggle for recognition and equal rights for all people belonging to groups of sexual diversity. Thus, the purpose of the present paper is to approach the homosexual movement in the West, proposing the possibility of classifying three stages on the basis of the objectives pursued by activism and its actors at those times. To achieve this, a historiographic methodology is used. In conclusion, it is possible to identify that, although historically there was a common objective, the intentionality of each temporality and territoriality was different and at the same time necessary to be able to advance in the subsequent stages of the movement.

The Heideggerian Conception of Technique in "Being and Time" and in "The Fundamental Concepts of Metaphysics"

Leopoldo Tillería Aqueveque — 2021-07-01

The possibility of an early philosophy of technique in Heidegger is discussed, starting from the phenomenology of the tool and the organ that the German thinker develops in Being and Time and in The Fundamental Concepts of Metaphysics, respectively. Such meditation, it is conjectured, would constitute a propaedeutic of his late philosophy of technique. It concludes, on the one hand, with an observation on the metaphysical limits that this early conception of technique would impose on his later philosophy, and on the other, with a question not answered by Heidegger, which confronts Dasein with his technological project.

Clamor de Gaia: Violence, Ecology and Myth in Claribel Alegría

Josefa Fernández Zambudio — 2021-01-01

In this paper, are shown the keys to the ways that Claribel Alegría approaches in her poetry the destruction of nature by men and of men among themselves, as specifications of the modes of violence. Here, will be analyzed the verses where these themes have been developed, in order to show which images, she has used and in which contexts she has expressed her concern, deepening his approach through some myths of the Greco-Roman tradition. These allow her to explore diverse perspectives, ranging from warning to hope for change, thanks to different metaphors and techniques of representation. It is shown that the poetic vision about the concern on how we connect with other people and with our environment is achieved thanks to the distancing provided by mythological character representations.

Phenomenology as a Critical Philosophy for the Study of Immediate Reality

Carlos Alberto Navarro Fuentes — 2021-01-01

The objective of this essay was to reflect on the theoretical-conceptual development of Husserlian phenomenology as a critical philosophy. The methodology consisted of an exhaustive review of the relevant works by Husserl that explained the conceptual structure that makes up the phenomenological system. This based on his review of European science and philosophy in the first half of the 20^th century. Where he raises the need for a 'rigorous science 'and exposes the epojé, the transcendental reduction and the constitutive and structural elements of the phenomenological reduction on the immediate data of experience and perception until he reaches his last work: Krisis, where he recapitulates the importance of continuing to work on phenomenology. The ‘transcendental reduction’ is taken up again, exposing anthropological and axiological factors present in his early works, such as The First Lessons in Ethics (1908-1914), Ideas (1923) and the texts by Kaizo (1920s). The work has a historical, methodological and critical-conceptual orientation on phenomenology as a scientific method of approaching reality, subjectivity and the knowing subject based on perception, experience and cultural implications. We will try to answer: What is phenomenology? What is the structure of phenomenology and how does it proceed? Finally, how could phenomenological criticism be useful to humans?

The Nine Symphonies of Beethoven, Marta Vela: a New Symbolic Vision

Vicenta Gisbert Caudeli — 2021-01-01

Vela González Marta. (2020). Las nueve sinfonías de Beethoven. Madrid. Fórcola Ediciones.

Art and Aesthetics in Education: an Epistemological Dimension [Português]

Gustavo Cunha de Araújo — 2021-01-01

Investigations regarding the concept of aesthetic have been analyzed for a long time from the scientific field. However, there are not many scientific studies that relate aesthetics to the field of education. In that sense, this research aims to describe how aesthetic is conceived and discussed from different theories of the human sciences, considering its relationship with art and education. The qualitative approach is used, of a descriptive character and bibliographical nature. For the data analysis form, the interpretative research technique was adopted. The theoretical data were constructed over 3 years from an extensive bibliographic review carried out in articles and books about art and aesthetics. As results, the data revealed that aesthetics presents different conceptions in scientific historic, sometimes converging with the educational field, sometimes distancing itself from it. During the school or academic career, it may occur that the student does not want to make an object or activity just for producing, he may want to do it elaborate, and this responds to a practical need for material production that humans have. Being an expression of something well defined, coherent and well resolved, it can be understood as an expression of beauty, because it presents aesthetic quality.

Neurocognitive Principles as the Basis for an Intuitive Design

Eska Elena Solano Meneses — 2021-01-01

This work seeks to analyze the implications of neurocognitive sciences in design. Recent studies have allowed the reconceptualization of design from a semiotic approach. Scientists John O'Keefe, Edvard Moser, and May-Britt Moser have discovered the existence of cells in the brain whose system allows people to orient themselves, creating a mental map of physical space. Hence, the concept of Wayfinding is introduced, which is referred to as a way in which people can mentally plan to navigate from place to place or use objects, not as a simile of a visual-mental map, but as a process that it involves symbolic components and determining past experiences. Wayfinding demands different types of memory: episodic and usual (rigid) memories, their response from design is called Wayshowing, that is, the application of this knowledge to design. In this regard, the methodological proposal of Carlos Quiroga is taken, who, to make a diagnosis of the formal and symbolic compatibility of objects with the cognitive and interpretive capacity of the users, develops the concepts of Affordances and Conceptual Models applying them in the evaluation of objects in order to determine the compositional successes or failures.

The Body as a Biopolitical Frontier of Sexual Reconditioning: Beyond the Biological and Semantic

Ángel Sánchez Valdez — 2021-01-01

The present investigation tries to identify the mechanisms and institutional guidelines used by the State for the administration of sexuality and its diversity, through a biopolitical analysis of said alternative corporality. This study also integrating biological-genetic elements as a scaffolding to consider in the analysis of the scope of sex reassignment surgery for transsexual people facilitated in the specific case of the Spanish State. Finding that within the capitalist system in recent years, the organization and visibility of sexual diversity at the head of its collective (LGBTTTIQ +), has been establishing modifications to state policies regarding the administration of sexual diversity, transforming from persecution and victimization models in guidelines of inclusion and institutional care.

Migration Crisis in Colombia and Costa Rica from a Sentiment Analysis Perspective

María Arguedas — 2020-06-09

Latin American cross-regional migratory dynamics have been driven by economic, political, and humanitarian crisis, which has caused an increase in the migratory flow. In Colombia, according to official figures from the migration department, out of 1,825,687 Venezuelans, 43.8% have a regular migratory condition, meaning they have their international ID or a special migratory permit. In Costa Rica, 75% of the immigrants in the country come from Nicaragua, which shows that Nicaraguan immigration has stayed constant over the years. Due to the absence of data to understand the behavior of the phenomenon, based on a sentiment analysis approach, an exploration of posts and opinions from Twitter users in Costa Rica and Colombia on immigration was carried out from January 1st to July 31st, 2019. This study revealed that the main concern of the users of both countries is focused on the subcategories of human rights, security, and unemployment.

Revista humanidades

Macro Pinturas, Universos: About the Creation Process of Universo 4, Cover Art of the Issue

The Museum of Broken Relationships in Zagreb, Croatia, as a Museum Discourse of Spectacle of Intimacy

Tattoos and Grief: Narratives of Adults from the City of Talca, Chile

Innovation, Freedom and the Paradox of Superabundancia (2023) by Marian Tupy & Gale Pooley

Common Philosophy for Times of Socio-environmental Crisis: Thinking, Feeling and Weaving Differently

Transgressing the Fourth Wall from a Metaphysical Approach: the Realm of Communication in Digital Storytelling

Interactive Teaching Strategies at the Level of Professionalization of Music. An Experience from Harmony Class

The Iconography of the Poet in the Drawings of Mane Bernardo

Historical Exploration: Women’s Access to University and the Emergence of Gender Studies

The Configuration of the Hero in Cocorí by the Costa Rican Writer Joaquín Gutiérrez

Forced Labor and Distribution of Goods in the Territory of the Frontier Government of San Luis de Colotlán during the XVII Century and Parts of the XVIII Century

El gran teatro del mundo by Pedro Calderón de la Barca and Social Acting. Educational Implications

Limitations of the Incorporation of Gender Perspective in Archaeological Museums: the Case of Dr. Román Piña Chan Archaeological Museum, Mexico

Pro-Environmental Attitudes in Elementary School. A Comparative Study in the Context of the Environmental Certification of Educational Establishments, Chile

On the Cultural Criticism in the República literaria of Saavedra Fajardo

From the Magical Character of Speech to the Text of Writing: Mimetic Faculty and Profane Reading in Walter Benjamin

El Frente Independiente de Pueblos Indios and the Reconceptalization of the Indigenous Category in Mexico. A Reading from Strategic Essentialism

Mesoamerican Archaeology, Copies and Museums. Reflections on the Circulation of Santa Lucía Cotzumalguapa Casts

Consolidation of Academic Identity in the Nursing Profession

The Decantation and Alteration of Time in the Parallel Universes of the Seventh Art

The The Communication of Scientific Knowledge about Family Planning in Costa Rica (1977-1985)

The Assessment Model "Evaluation of Math Progress based on Quantitative-Qualitative Examination and Interpretation” (VPM-EICC) in Higher Education

The Audiovisual Media: Allies or Enemies of the State in Costa Rican Cultural Dissemination? (1950-2000)3

En favor de una patria de los trabajadores. Historia transnacional de la Confederación de Trabajadores de América Latina (1938-1953): Itineraries of Latin American Workers' Organization and Their Historiographical Incidence

Capitalist Ethnophagy in Count Dracula: a Critical and Anticolonial Reading

The Postmodern Territory: A Normative Approach to the Processes of Production, Organization and Orientation of Space

John Rawls and Criminal Law: Relevance of the Theory of Justice to the Study of Resocialization

Podcasting and New Audio Drama in Spanish: Towards an Intermedial Research Agenda

The representation of Chinese people in the magazine Costa Rica de Ayer y Hoy (1949-1971)

Sociology and Literature, an Impossible Love? Reflections from (In)experience

Analogy as a Tool for Interdisciplinary Dialogue: An Argument for Theoretical Plurality in Archaeological Key

Amateur Choral Activity: Benefits for Health and Well-being in Adults. A Critical Review of the State of the Art

Somaliland: Fraternity in Female Key. Rhymed Resistance for Peace (1991-1996)

Prejudice in the Anti-modernist Campaign of the Newspaper A Gazeta de São Paulo (1921-1922)

On Collaterals for Democracy in the Digital Age

Vicissitudes of the Implementation of the Ethno-cultural Model of Nation in Identity Construction in Sub-saharan Africa: a case study

An Alternative Reading of the Cold War in Latin America. Regarding the Text America & the Transnational Cold War by Patricio Herrera González

Emotions Immersed in the Social Water Representations in Students of Monterrey, Nuevo León

Digital Content and the Problem of Excellence in Neoliberal Culture

Between the Taste for Instrumental Music and the Walk in the Fresh Air. Programming and Sociability in the Orchestral Concerts of the Jardín Florida (Buenos Aires, 1880-1883)

Seduction and Social Domination: Notes for the Construction of an Ideal Type

Literature and Politics in the Socialist Militancy of Enrique Anderson Imbert

Positivism and University Reform in Honduras During the Government of Marco Aurelio Soto (1876-1883)

The Walter Benjamin´s Chessboard: An Interpretation of the Thesis I about the Concept of History

Indigenous People of Costa Rica and the Construction of its Imaginary from the Perspective of the Social Studies Curriculum: The Maleku Case

Subjectivity and Coloniality: Historical Alliances that Perpetuate Oppressions

Intellectuals Inventing Heroes: Public Memoirs About Rodrigo Carazo Odio in Costa Rica (1969-2009)

Masculinities and Violence by Sexual Means: Between Punitive Approaches and Feminist Justice

The World is Beautiful: Conceptualizations of Aestheticization in Contemporary Thought

Be Marxist-Leninist Lesbian in Mexico City Between 1978-1987: the Complex Activism of Yan María Castro

Intermediate Migrations in the Western Genre: An Analysis of the Red Dead Series

Revisiting Genesis: Living as Misspelling

The Thought of After Auschwitz and Colonialism: An Interpellation by C. R. L. James and Aimé Césaire

Towards New Rhythmic Horizons of Education. An Ecocritical Approach to the Theater Play Terrenal

Reconfigurations of the Desert and The Argentine Nation: The Case of The Adventures of China Iron, by Gabriela Cabezon Camara. An Approach from The Latin American Neo-baroque Conceived as a Reading Device

The Patriarchal Construction of the Female Captivity of Beauty Illustrated in Twentieth Century Costa Rican Stories

Modernity and Psychotherapy: Two Interpretative Horizons

The Online Brothel. Homosociality and Masculinities Among Men Who Pay for Sex in Argentina.

Conception, Practice, and Teaching of Musical Expressiveness. A case study

Narration and Journalism. Towards a Study of “Narrativity” in The News, The Serial News and The Reportage

Analysis of the Discrimination against Groups in Situation of Vulnerability from a Legal, Social and Ethical Perspective

Próceras: A Review of the Founding National Myth Through a Selection of Works by the Artist Tamara Goldenberg

The Quantitative and Qualitative Approaches as Methodological Support in Educational Research: An Epistemological Analysis

The Postmodern, a Conceptual Clarification

Comprehensive University Training from The Context of the Humanities and its Contribution to Experiential Learning for Service

Farewell Words and Recognition to Dr. Ángel Ocampo Álvarez

La Jota, aragonesa y cosmopolita: a new perspective of exotic music between Europe and America in the 19th century

Approaches Towards a Synthetic Understanding of the Freedom

The Contribution of Art to Climate Change Communication

Tracing Lack: Lacan, the Letter and The Origin of the World

Art as a Generator of Emotions: A Study of Eight Postgraduate Student Narratives

The Psychopedagogy Section after 40 Years of Service. Contributions in The Training of Teachers at The University of Costa Rica

Between Philosophy and Literature: Albert Camus and the Transition of Absurd Existence towards the Community of Solidarity

A Philosophical Reading of The Marquise De Gange (1813) by The Marquis De Sade

Demystifying the Human Species from Behavioral Economy

Capitalism of Seduction, Exposure and Emotion in the Gradual Like’s Society

The place of the Amazon in history textbooks in Brazil: about history, narrative and teaching

The Origin of Bauhaus Humanism (1919-1933) in Classical Greek Culture: A Look Through the Female Student Body

From Artistic Creation to the Representation of the Imaginary, and Popular Culture in the Comic Books Genre