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)
Using the Video to Promote Peer and Self-Assessment in the
English Class
Elvia Ureña Salazar
InterSedes, Revista electrónica de las sedes regionales de la Universidad de Costa Rica,
ISSN 2215-2458, Volumen XXIII, Número 48, Julio-Diciembre, 2022.
10.15517/isucr.v23i48 | intersedes.ucr.ac.cr | intersedes@ucr.ac.cr
A: e purpose of this article is to present the results of using the video to promote
peer and self – assessment in the rst two oral English courses at University of Costa Rica,
Paraiso Campus, Bachelor in English Teaching. In 2017 and 2018 students recorded three
videos for each course in which they talked about some of the topics that were suggested by
the instructor and were closely related to the course contents. In class, as group work, they
used a guideline prepared by the instructor to review their peers’ videos. ey focused on the
presenter’s delivery, grammar, and pronunciation as well as in the content of the recording.
During the peer evaluation activity, learners received written as well as oral responses from
their partners. In the self – evaluation stage of the activity, they answered a questionnaire
in which they indicated the number of times they recorded their videos before handing
them to the instructor as well as their perception of their own performance as well as what
they considered they needed to improve about it. e idea behind asking them to write
the number of times they had to record the video was to know if they had self – evaluated.
e fourth video in each course asked pupils to value how their language competence had
evolved, during the rst semester and during the whole year respectively. Results show that
incorporating the video in the language class was an eective strategy to promote peer and
self-assessment.
R: El propósito de este artículo es presentar los resultados de implementar el uso del
video para promover la evaluación de pares y la autoevaluación en los dos primeros cursos
orales de inglés en el Bachillerato en la Enseñanza del Inglés del Recinto de Paraíso de la
Universidad de Costa Rica. Durante 2017 y 2018 el estudiantado grabó tres videos en cada
curso en los que se referían a alguno de los temas sugeridos por la instructora. La temática
estaba relacionada con los contenidos del curso. En clase, en grupo, utilizaron una guía
preparada por la docente para revisar los videos de sus pares. Se enfocaron en el desempeño,
la gramática y la pronunciación del presentador, así como en el contenido de la grabación.
Durante la evaluación de pares, las y los estudiantes recibieron retroalimentación oral y
escrita de parte de sus iguales. En la etapa de la autoevaluación, contestaron un cuestionario
sobre el número de veces que grabaron su video antes de entregarlo a la docente, así como su
percepción sobre su propio desempeño y sobre lo que consideraban que debían mejorar. Se
les solicito que indicaran el número de veces que grabaron su video para saber si se habían
autoevaluado o no. El cuarto video en cada curso solicitó al estudiantado valorar la evolución
de su manejo del idioma durante el primer semestre y a lo largo del año, respectivamente.
Los resultados muestran la efectividad de la incorporación del video como estrategia para
promover la evaluación de pares y de autoevaluación.
Universidad de Costa Rica
Sede del Atlántico
Turrialba, Cartago, Costa Rica
elvia.urena@ucr.ac.cr
Publicado por la Editorial Sede del Pacíco, Universidad de Costa Rica
P : enseñanza del inglés, autoevaluación, video, comunicación oral, desempeño.
K: language teaching; language learning; performance; evaluation; recording; feedback
Utilizando el video para promover la evaluación de pares y la autoevaluación en la clase de
inglés
Recibido: 31-01-22 | Aceptado: 28-03-22
C (APA): Ureña Salazar, E. (2022). Using the Video to Promote Peer and Self-Assessment in the
English Class. InterSedes, 23(48), 228–245. DOI 10.15517/isucr.v23i48.49949