Palabras clave
triathletes
performance
athlete training
sueño
triatletas
desempeño
entrenamiento de los atletas
sono
triatletas
desempenho
treinamento atletico
Cómo citar
Resumen
La calidad del sueño es un factor determinante para el rendimiento y la salud de los deportistas en general, el objetivo del presente estudio fue caracterizar la calidad del sueño en triatletas aficionados masculinos y femeninos entrenados entre 20 y 59 años. Se realizó una encuesta con 151 triatletas aficionados entrenados, 108 hombres (38,6 ±8,1 años, experiencia en entrenamiento de triatlón 5,8 ±4,3 años, frecuencia de entrenamiento 6,3 ±0,9 días por semana) y 43 mujeres (39,3 ±7,6 años, experiencia en entrenamiento de triatlón 4,8 ±3,3). años, frecuencia de entrenamiento 6,5 ±0,6 días por semana). La calidad del sueño se midió mediante el índice de calidad del sueño de Pittsburgh-Br (PSQI-Br), los valores totales por debajo de 05 puntos indican que duermen bien y los valores iguales o superiores a 05 puntos indican que duermen mal. Los datos de las subescalas se analizaron utilizando frecuencias absolutas y relativas. Los demás datos para la caracterización de la calidad del sueño se analizaron con mediana, media, desviación estándar, error estándar e intervalo de confianza del 95% de la media. Los triatletas masculinos y femeninos tienen una mala calidad del sueño (valores iguales o superiores a 05 puntos), lo que puede tener efectos negativos en la salud y el rendimiento. En conclusión, todos los triatletas sin importar el género y el grupo de edad tienen una mala calidad del sueño.
Citas
Bertolazi, A. N., Fagondes, S. C., Hoff, L. S., Dartora, E. G., Miozzo, I. C., de Barba, M. E., & Barreto, S. S. (2011). Validation of the Brazilian Portuguese version of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Sleep Medicine, 12(1), 70–75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sleep.2010.04.020
Besedovsky, L., Lange, T., & Haack, M. (2019). The Sleep-Immune Crosstalk in Health and Disease. Physiological Reviews, 99(3), 1325–1380. https://doi.org/10.1152/physrev.00010.2018
Biggins, M., Cahalan, R., Comyns, T., Purtill, H., & O'Sullivan, K. (2018). Poor sleep is related to lower general health, increased stress and increased confusion in elite Gaelic athletes. The Physician and Sports Medicine, 46(1), 14–20. https://doi.org/10.1080/00913847.2018.1416258
Buysse, D. J., Reynolds, C. F., Monk, T. H., Berman, S. R., & Kupfer, D. J. (1989). The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index: a new instrument for psychiatric practice and research. Psychiatry Research, 28(2), 193–213. https://doi.org/10.1016/0165-1781(89)90047-4
Costa, M., & Re, M. (2023). Chronotype and quality of sleep in alpine skiers. Chronobiology International, 40(5), 673–683. https://doi.org/10.1080/07420528.2023.2203236
de Sousa Nogueira Freitas, L., da Silva, F. R., Andrade, H. A., Guerreiro, R. C., Paulo, F. V., de Mello, M. T., & Silva, A. (2020). Sleep debt induces skeletal muscle injuries in athletes: A promising hypothesis. Medical Hypotheses, 142, 109836. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mehy.2020.109836
Etxebarria, N., Mujika, I., & Pyne, D. B. (2019). Training and Competition Readiness in Triathlon. Sports, 7(5), 101. https://doi.org/10.3390/sports7050101
Fullagar, H. H. K., Vincent, G. E., McCullough, M., Halson, S., & Fowler, P. (2023). Sleep and Sport Performance. Journal of Clinical Neurophysiology, 40(5), 408–416. https://doi.org/10.1097/WNP.0000000000000638
Huang, K., & Ihm, J. (2021). Sleep and Injury Risk. Current Sports Medicine Reports, 20(6), 286–290. https://doi.org/10.1249/JSR.0000000000000849
Ibáñez, V., Silva, J., & Cauli, O. (2018). A survey on sleep questionnaires and diaries. Sleep Medicine, 42, 90–96. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sleep.2017.08.026
Johnston, R., Cahalan, R., Bonnett, L., Maguire, M., Glasgow, P., Madigan, S., O'Sullivan, K., & Comyns, T. (2020). General health complaints and sleep associated with new injury within an endurance sporting population: A prospective study. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 23(3), 252–257. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2019.10.013
Kisiolek, J. N., Smith, K. A., Baur, D. A., Willingham, B. D., Morrissey, M. C., Leyh, S. M., Saracino, P. G., Mah, C. D., & Ormsbee, M. J. (2022). Sleep Duration Correlates With Performance in Ultra-Endurance Triathlon. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 17(2), 226–233. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2021-0111
Knowles, O. E., Drinkwater, E. J., Urwin, C. S., Lamon, S., & Aisbett, B. (2018). Inadequate sleep and muscle strength: Implications for resistance training. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 21(9), 959–968. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2018.01.012
Landis, J. R., & Koch, G. G. (1977). The measurement of observer agreement for categorical data. Biometrics, 33(1), 159–174. https://doi.org/10.2307/2529310
Lee, D. K. (2016). Alternatives to P value: confidence interval and effect size. Korean Journal of Anesthesiology, 69(6), 555–562. https://doi.org/10.4097/kjae.2016.69.6.555
Mallampalli, M. P., & Carter, C. L. (2014). Exploring sex and gender differences in sleep health: a Society for Women's Health Research Report. Journal of Women's Health, 23(7), 553–562. https://doi.org/10.1089/jwh.2014.4816
Matsui, K., Yoshiike, T., Nagao, K., Utsumi, T., Tsuru, A., Otsuki, R., Ayabe, N., Hazumi, M., Suzuki, M., Saitoh, K., Aritake-Okada, S., Inoue, Y., & Kuriyama, K. (2021). Association of Subjective Quality and Quantity of Sleep with Quality of Life among a General Population. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(23), 12835. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182312835
McKay, A. K. A., Stellingwerff, T., Smith, E. S., Martin, D. T., Mujika, I., Goosey-Tolfrey, V. L., Sheppard, J., & Burke, L. M. (2022). Defining Training and Performance Caliber: A Participant Classification Framework. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 17(2), 317–331. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2021-0451
Millet, G. P., & Vleck, V. E. (2000). Physiological and biomechanical adaptations to the cycle to run transition in Olympic triathlon: review and practical recommendations for training. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 34(5), 384–390. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.34.5.384
Nakagawa, S., & Cuthill, I. C. (2007). Effect size, confidence interval and statistical significance: a practical guide for biologists. Biological Reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, 82(4), 591–605. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-185X.2007.00027.x
Nordin, M., Knutsson, A., Sundbom, E., & Stegmayr, B. (2005). Psychosocial factors, gender, and sleep. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 10(1), 54–63. https://doi.org/10.1037/1076-8998.10.1.54
Quagliarotti, C., Gaiola, D., Bianchini, L., Vleck, V., & Piacentini, M. F. (2022). How to Form a Successful Team for the Novel Olympic Triathlon Discipline: The Mixed-Team-Relay. Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology, 7(2), 46. https://doi.org/10.3390/jfmk7020046
Robinson, C. H., Albury, C., McCartney, D., Fletcher, B., Roberts, N., Jury, I., & Lee, J. (2021). The relationship between duration and quality of sleep and upper respiratory tract infections: a systematic review. Family Practice, 38(6), 802–810. https://doi.org/10.1093/fampra/cmab033
Sargent, C., Halson, S., & Roach, G. D. (2014). Sleep or swim? Early-morning training severely restricts the amount of sleep obtained by elite swimmers. European Journal of Sport Science, 14(supl.1), S310–S315. https://doi.org/10.1080/17461391.2012.696711
Serdar, C. C., Cihan, M., Yücel, D., & Serdar, M. A. (2021). Sample size, power and effect size revisited: simplified and practical approaches in pre-clinical, clinical and laboratory studies. Biochemia Medica, 31(1), 010502. https://doi.org/10.11613/BM.2021.010502
Silva, A., Pinto Pinheiro, L. S., Silva, S., Andrade, H., Pereira, A. G., Rodrigues da Silva, F., Guerreiro, R., Barreto, B., Resende, R., & Túlio de Mello, M. (2022). Sleep in Paralympic athletes and its relationship with injuries and illnesses. Physical Therapy in Sport, 56, 24–31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ptsp.2022.06.001
Sinisgalli, R., de Lira, C. A. B., Vancini, R. L., Puccinelli, P. J. G., Hill, L., Knechtle, B., Nikolaidis, P. T., & Andrade, M. S. (2021). Impact of training volume and experience on amateur Ironman triathlon performance. Physiology & Behavior, 232, 113344. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physbeh.2021.113344
Smith, K. A., Kisiolek, J. N., Willingham, B. D., Morrissey, M. C., Leyh, S. M., Saracino, P. G., Baur, D. A., Cook, M. D., & Ormsbee, M. J. (2020). Ultra-endurance triathlon performance and markers of whole-body and gut-specific inflammation. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 120(2), 349–357. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-019-04279-3
Stevens, C. J., Thornton, H. R., Fowler, P. M., Esh, C., & Taylor, L. (2018). Long-Haul Northeast Travel Disrupts Sleep and Induces Perceived Fatigue in Endurance Athletes. Frontiers in Physiology, 9, 1826. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2018.01826
Swinbourne, R., Gill, N., Vaile, J., & Smart, D. (2016). Prevalence of poor sleep quality, sleepiness and obstructive sleep apnoea risk factors in athletes. European Journal of Sport Science, 16(7), 850–858. https://doi.org/10.1080/17461391.2015.1120781
Tang, J., Liao, Y., Kelly, B. C., Xie, L., Xiang, Y. T., Qi, C., Pan, C., Hao, W., Liu, T., Zhang, F., & Chen, X. (2017). Gender and Regional Differences in Sleep Quality and Insomnia: A General Population-based Study in Hunan Province of China. Scientific reports, 7, 43690. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep43690
Troynikov, O., Watson, C. G., & Nawaz, N. (2018). Sleep environments and sleep physiology: A review. Journal of Thermal Biology, 78, 192–203. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtherbio.2018.09.012
Vitale, J. A., La Torre, A., & Banfi, G. (2019). If RAR's acrophase is influenced by the sport discipline, how actigraphy-based sleep parameters vary in triathlon, volleyball and soccer athletes?. Chronobiology International, 36(6), 735–738. https://doi.org/10.1080/07420528.2019.1594246
Wilson, P. B. (2020). Associations between sleep and in-race gastrointestinal symptoms: an observational study of running and triathlon race competitors. Sleep Science, 13(4), 293–297. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7856660/
Comentarios
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0.
Derechos de autor 2024 Luiz Vieira da Silva Neto, Tatiana Albuquerque Melo Kramer, Gloria Maria Alves Trajano, Luiz José Frota Solon Júnior