https://revistas.ucr.ac.cr/index.php/psm/issue/feedPoblación y Salud en Mesoamérica2024-07-01T00:00:00-06:00Adrián Murillo Gonzálezrevista.ccp@ucr.ac.crOpen Journal Systems<p><strong>Población y Salud en Mesoamérica </strong>is an academic electronic journal, published biannually and of continued publication by the Centro Centroamericano de Población and whose publisher is the University of Costa Rica. The <strong>main objective</strong> of this publication is the dissemination of research on population from demographic perspective, and public health. This journal is <a href="https://revistas.ucr.ac.cr/index.php/psm/about">registered and indexed</a> in important international indexes. E-mail contact: <a href="https://revistas.ucr.ac.cr/index.php/psm/management/settings/context/mailto:revista.ccp@ucr.ac.cr">revista.ccp@ucr.ac.cr</a></p> <p><strong>URL OAI-PMH:</strong> <a href="https://revistas.ucr.ac.cr/index.php/psm/management/settings/context//index.php/psm/oai">https://revistas.ucr.ac.cr/index.php/psm/oai</a></p>https://revistas.ucr.ac.cr/index.php/psm/article/view/57721Risk perception and knowledge of Human Papillomavirus infection among a group of Mexican males2023-12-05T11:15:02-06:00Diego Sosa-Hernandezdiegoi.sosah@gmail.comSthepany Burgos-Salasstephanyburgosv@gmail.comJesús Gómez-Carballojesus.gomez@correo.uady.mxLaura Conde-Ferráezlaura.conde@correo.uady.mxLigia Vera-Gamboavgamboa@correo.uady.mxNuvia Kantun-Morenonuvia.kantun@correo.uady.mxMaria del Refugio Gonzalez-losaglosa@correo.uady.mx<p><strong>Introduction.</strong> Human papillomavirus infection is the most common sexually transmitted viral infection that might be prevented with knowledge and attitudes that promote safe sex. Males play a role in transmission as they are asymptomatic carriers of the virus, a situation that they ignore. The aim of the study is to determine association between knowledge and risk perception with subclinical infection.</p> <p><strong>Methodology</strong>. A prospective, cross-sectional and analytical study was conducted, including 164 males between 18 and 45 years, self-selected to be included. A self-administered instrument was used to measure perception of risk and knowledge about human papillomavirus infection with ten items using the Likert scale, five for measure risk perception and five to knowledge. Molecular biology, to identify the virus in the genitals, was used. <strong>Results.</strong> The male's average age was 29 years, with an infection prevalence of 24 %, 68 % of the population studied had a high perception of risk for acquiring the infection; 30 % medium risk, and only 2 % had a low perception. Regarding knowledge, 88 % had a high level and 12 % medium level. No association between knowledge level (p=0.53299) and perception of infection risk (p=0.53299) was found. <strong>Conclusion</strong>. No association between knowledge and risk perception with asymptomatic papillomavirus infection was found.</p>2024-07-01T00:00:00-06:00Copyright (c) 2024 Diego Sosa-Hernandez, Sthepany Burgos-Salas, Jesús Gómez-Carballo, Laura Conde-Ferráez, Ligia Vera-Gamboa, Nuvia Kantun-Moreno, Maria del Refugio Gonzalez-losahttps://revistas.ucr.ac.cr/index.php/psm/article/view/57421Level of knowledge about type 2 Diabetes and treatment adherence in honduran population2023-10-31T18:31:40-06:00Norma Isabel Galeas Callejangaleas@unah.hnJulio César Raudales Moncadajulio.raudales@unah.hnJuan Pablo Carías Díazjcarias@unah.edu.hn<p><strong>Introduction:</strong> In Honduras, 495,011 people were diagnosed with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DMT2) during the year 2015, this being the last existing record, affecting between 7.0% and 10.0% of the population. Diabetes education is essential for adequate control of DM, therefore the purpose of the study was to describe the level of knowledge about Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and adherence to treatment in the population that attends the National Diabetic Institute in the months of January and February of the year 2023 in Tegucigalpa, Honduras. <strong>Methodology: </strong>It is a correlational cross-sectional study with a non-experimental approach, with a population of 20,500 patients, a sample of 378 individuals was obtained for analysis. The participants were selected by a non-randomized method, where they answered the Diabetes Knowledge Questionnaire (DKQ 24) to assess the level of knowledge and for adherence to treatment, the Morisky-Green test was used. <strong>Results: </strong>266 (70.4%) people had an intermediate level of knowledge and 193 (51.1%) participants, being the majority, reported inadequate adherence to treatment for their disease. When analyzing the relationship between both variables, they have a statistical significance of p 0.007. <strong>Conclusions:</strong> it is concluded that knowledge about DMT2 should be strengthened among Hondurans, taking into account the areas with deficiency and delve into the factors involved in poor adherence to treatment.</p>2024-07-01T00:00:00-06:00Copyright (c) 2024 Norma Isabel Galeas Calleja, Julio César Raudales Moncada, Juan Pablo Carías Díazhttps://revistas.ucr.ac.cr/index.php/psm/article/view/57178Impact of COVID-19 on mortality in the elderly population of Cordoba, Argentina. Preliminary analysis of the first two years of the pandemic2023-10-19T17:01:27-06:00Enrique Pelaezenpelaez@gmail.comLeandro Mariano Gonzálezleandrogonzalez@yahoo.com.arLaura Débora Acostalaudeac@gmail.com<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>This paper aims to analyse the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic during 2020-2021 in Córdoba (Argentina) on older people, measured by excess deaths (ED) and change in life expectancy (LE). <strong>Methodology: </strong>Data sources used were deaths for the period 2017-2020, from the national Ministry of Health. Life tables were calculated for the three-year periods 2017-2019, 2020 and 2021. Finally, the decomposition of EV differences in 2020 and 2021 was calculated. <strong>Results: </strong>There were 10.3% excess deaths in 2020 and 25.5% in 2021, higher in males. ED was concentrated in the over-60s, although in 2021 mortality in young adults was significant. In 2020 the ED rate in males over 80 is three times higher than in the 60-79 years group. There is a marked bias between males and females. In 2021 there are fewer differences between ages and sexes, although the higher rate for males over 80 remains. In 2020 COVID deaths accounted for 74.2 per cent of ED for males and 102.4 per cent for females; in 2021 they accounted for 60.2 per cent and 57.7 per cent respectively. The EV loss in 2020 was 0.83 years in males and 0.26 in females; in 2021, 2.73 and 2.25 years respectively. Older males concentrate the decline in EV in infectious diseases and COVID-19. <strong>Conclusions: </strong>Knowledge of the impact of the pandemic on older people provides valuable evidence for health policy planning.</p>2024-07-01T00:00:00-06:00Copyright (c) 2024 Enrique Pelaez, Leandro Mariano González, Laura Débora Acostahttps://revistas.ucr.ac.cr/index.php/psm/article/view/55611Detection and measurement of violence against women in Primary Health Care: A narrative review2023-06-27T18:33:51-06:00Lucia Florencia Sánchezlucifsanchez@mi.unc.edu.arLorena Saletti-Cuestalorenasaletti@unc.edu.ar<p>Introduction: Violence against women is a social and public health problem that affects women around the world. Despite the diversity of prevalence studies carried out in health services in Latin America, to date no reviews have been carried out in this region. This work aims to review the literature to understand how this violence is detected and how its prevalence is measured in Primary Health Care services in Latin American countries. Methodology: a narrative bibliographic review was carried out of academic articles published between 2001-2021 aimed at detecting and measuring the prevalence of violence against women in the health sector. 42 original articles were selected and an integrative synthesis of the results was carried out. Results: the detection and/or measurement of violence against women in health centers is carried out by a variety of instruments, most of which are diagnostic. Three theoretical perspectives are identified; each one builds an image of the problem of violence. Conclusion: it is necessary to build valid and reliable data on this problem, with the possibility of being compared between regions and over time. It is important to clarify research designs in social theories, to achieve a contextualized and multidimensional understanding of the problem. Information should be provided on the most appropriate way to detect and care for violence against women in the health field.</p>2024-07-01T00:00:00-06:00Copyright (c) 2024 Lucia Florencia Sánchez, Lorena Saletti-Cuestahttps://revistas.ucr.ac.cr/index.php/psm/article/view/57743Global trends to reduce carbon footprint: challenges and opportunities for the Costa Rican health sector2023-12-07T20:21:34-06:00Ericka Murillo-Rodríguezericka.murillo@ucr.ac.crWendel Mora-Riverawendel.mora@ulatina.net<p>Introduction: The reduction of carbon footprints across all sectors is a crucial aspect of climate action. The implementation of specific strategies to achieve this goal includes the actions of healthcare services. Costa Rica has been noted for a robust health system with a primary care approach. However, there is a paucity of scientific evidence regarding the roles and impacts of the health sector in reducing the national carbon footprint. Objective: To analyze the scientific production on carbon footprint in health services at a global level and contrast it with the Costa Rican reality. Method: A mapping of the literature in Spanish and English was carried out in the Scopus database, based on online thesaurus terms. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied, and the Bibliometrix tool in R software was used for the analysis. Subsequently, an integrative review of the selected documents was conducted with the support of the Covidence platform. A total of 46 publications were analyzed in the bibliographic analysis and 25 documents in the scoping review, identifying currently researched topics for carbon footprint reduction in healthcare. These topics include hospital input analysis, solid waste management, environmental impact assessment techniques, sustainability strategy design, environmental education, healthcare infrastructure, sustainable purchasing, and energy consumption. Conclusions: The studies, regardless of region or country, present options for improving healthcare practice in relation to the carbon footprint, also impacting the health of the populations. However, the majority of these studies, according to the GRADE methodology, present low evidence due to the particularities of the methodological design employed. International collaborations can be a useful tool to advance the implementation of technologies and political strategies that are adaptable to the Costa Rican reality, thereby making the health sector and, consequently, healthcare sustainable.</p>2024-07-01T00:00:00-06:00Copyright (c) 2024 Ericka Murillo-Rodríguez, Wendel Mora-Riverahttps://revistas.ucr.ac.cr/index.php/psm/article/view/57664Epidemiological evolution of dengue in the pre-pandemic to post-pandemic periods in the Americas and Brazil2023-11-16T05:40:53-06:00Viviane Karolina Vivi-Oliveirakarolinavivi@gmail.comVagner Ferreira do Nascimentovagnernascimento@unemat.brAna Cláudia Pereira Terças-Trettelenfanacnp@gmail.com.brBianca Ayne Terrabuiobibi_terrabuio@hotmail.com.brKlaucia Rodrigues Vasconcelosklauciabiomedica14@gmail.com.brElaine Cristina de Oliveiraelainecristina.mt@gmail.com.brDiniz Pereira Leite-Júnior djbiologico@gmail.com<p><strong>Introduction</strong>: Dengue is an asymptomatic infection or present symptoms like low fever to disabling high fever, severe headache, retroocular, muscle and joint pain, in addition to skin rashes, and if associated with COVID-19, it can worsen the illness condition. <strong>Objective</strong>: investigate the epidemiological evolution of dengue in the pre-pandemic, pandemic and post-pandemic periods from an American and Brazilian perspective. <strong>Methodology</strong>: descriptive study, based on the search for information in epidemiological bulletins, data from DATASUS and the Pan American Health Organization/World Health Organization, in addition to articles available in databases provided by SciELO, ScienceDirect and Pubmed. Results: In the period before the pandemic, the high number of notifications was due to the DENV2 serotype, causing a large epidemic. In the years 2020-2021 there was a drop in the number of notifications due to the introduction of social and public health measures, misdiagnosis between the signs/symptoms of dengue and COVID-19, inaccurate serological tests and underreporting. In 2022 and 2023, the epidemiological scenario again points to increasing notification of dengue cases, mainly due to changes in routine vector control during the pandemic, combined with favorable environmental factors, such as increased rainfall. <strong>Conclusion</strong>: the neglect of both dengue fever and other diseases has negatively impacted the population today, since in order to mitigate the damage caused by the pandemic, actions to promote and prevent the health of endemic diseases in our territory, when placed in the background, have caused the underreporting of cases, influenced by changes in the political, economic and health spheres of society.</p>2024-07-01T00:00:00-06:00Copyright (c) 2024 Viviane Karolina Vivi-Oliveira, Vagner Ferreira do Nascimento, Ana Cláudia Pereira Terças-Trettel, Bianca Ayne Terrabuio, Klaucia Rodrigues Vasconcelos, Elaine Cristina de Oliveira, Diniz Pereira Leite-Júnior https://revistas.ucr.ac.cr/index.php/psm/article/view/57193Quality of Sleep in Urban and Aeronautical Firefighters of Ciudad Bolívar, Venezuela2023-10-20T15:57:21-06:00Mishel Yohana Rincon Ortizmishelyohana@gmail.comAlejandro Daniel Rafaela Sanchezarafaela289@gmail.comPaola Estephania Guerra Di Bonaventurapaolaguerradi@gmail.comJesús Brito Nuñezjedabritox@gmail.com<p><strong>Introduction</strong>: Night work increases the state of fatigue and the deterioration of biological functions, affects mental and physical health, causing poor work performance, the objective of the study was to determine the quality of sleep and the sociodemographic data related to the body staff. of urban firefighters and the aeronautical fire department of Ciudad Bolívar Venezuela. <strong>Methodology</strong>: An observational, cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach was carried out. The population was made up of 60 urban firefighters and 20 aeronautical firefighters, the sample was by convenience, through a self-administered survey, sociodemographic data, working conditions and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (ICSP) were collected. Descriptive statistics and Fisher's exact test were applied. <strong>Results</strong>: It was found in urban firefighters that 61.82% presented pathological sleep quality, the most affected gender was male, and the highest frequency of pathological sleep were those who had service time between 1-11 years. Of the aeronautical firefighters, 83.33% presented pathological sleep, with the highest frequency being pathological sleep; It was the masculine gender. It was also observed that the subjective quality of sleep is “quite good” in both. <strong>Conclusions</strong>: Both firefighters present alterations in sleep quality, with urban firefighters being the most affected. It was found that there are differences in relation to age, gender, and length of service. The importance of adapting to the pace of work was also evident. coping tools.</p>2024-07-01T00:00:00-06:00Copyright (c) 2024 Mishel Yohana Rincon Ortiz, Alejandro Daniel Rafaela Sanchez, Paola Estephania Guerra Di Bonaventura, Jesús B rito Nuñezhttps://revistas.ucr.ac.cr/index.php/psm/article/view/56837Insurance in public health, social and private security, and its impact on income poverty in Ecatepec de Morelos, Mexico2023-09-27T15:58:55-06:00Hugo Nathanael Lara Figueroahugolara@tese.edu.mxEdith Miriam García Salazaredith.garcia@ciad.mxEmma Martínez Blancomomo.martinezb@gmail.com<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Determine the incidence of health insurance on income poverty in the municipality of Ecatepec de Morelos. <strong>Method: </strong>Quantitative study carried out with sociodemographic and economic information collected during the period 2021-2022; An ordinal logistic model was applied taking income poverty as the dependent variable and insurance and some sociodemographic variables of interest as predictors.<strong> Results</strong>: significant differences and greater impact were observed in poverty due to moderate and extreme income depending on the type of affiliation, as well as the presence of out-of-pocket health expenses.<strong> Conclusions: </strong>Insurance by itself does not guarantee financial protection, which can lead to impoverishment; Out-of-pocket spending is the variable with the highest incidence in income poverty.</p>2024-07-01T00:00:00-06:00Copyright (c) 2024 Hugo Nathanael Lara Figueroa, Edith Miriam García Salazar, Emma Martínez Blancohttps://revistas.ucr.ac.cr/index.php/psm/article/view/59181Remote work and eating habits in participants of the Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasi) during COVID-192024-03-12T06:57:06-06:00Haysla Xavier Martinshaysla.xmartins@gmail.comJordana Herzog Siqueirajordana.herzog@gmail.comCarla Moronari de Oliveira Aprelinicarla.moronari@gmail.comOscar Geovanny Enriquez-Martinezndoscar.enriquez@gmail.comRosane Härter Grieprohgriep@gmail.comMaria de Jesus Mendes da Fonsecamariafonseca818@gmail.comTaísa Sabrina Silva Pereirataisa.sabrina@hotmail.comMaria del Carmen Bisi Molinamdcarmen2007@gmail.com<p><strong>Introduction:</strong> In a scenario of social restrictions to contain the spread of the SARS CoV-2 virus there were changes in the lifestyle and eating habits of populations around the world. <strong>Objective:</strong> To evaluate eating habits associated with remote work on COVID-19 pandemic.<strong> Methods: </strong>Cross-sectional study with active workers at ELSA-Brasil during the wave-COVID-19 (July/2020 and February/2021). Data were collected online through self-completed questionnaires. Eating habits represented the dependent variables (“increase in the acquisition of ultra processed foods”, “increase in the acquisition of fresh foods”, “food quality score”, “weekly use of fast-food delivery” and “change in the preparation of meals"). The exposure variable was the work modality (remote or face-to-face). For statistical analysis SPSS 21.0 was used, with significance of p < 0.05. <strong>Results:</strong> 2463 individuals were evaluated (44 to 83 years old), which, 78 % were working remotely. After adjustment, changes in meal preparation remained associated with remote work, indicating greater chances of cooking more, both for men (OR = 2.45 95 % CI 1.75-3.42) and for women (OR = 2.93 95 % CI 2.19-3.92). No difference was observed between the quality of food score and type of work. However, when evaluating the score using fast-food delivery, those who used it weekly had worse food quality. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> Individuals in remote work had changes in food preparation, being more likely to cook during the COVID-19. The other eating habits evaluated did not remain associated with the work modality.</p>2024-07-26T00:00:00-06:00Copyright (c) 2024 Haysla Xavier Martins, Jordana Herzog Siqueira, Carla Moronari de Oliveira Aprelini, Oscar Geovanny Enriquez-Martinez, Rosane Härter Griep, Maria de Jesus Mendes da Fonseca, Taísa Sabrina Silva Pereira, Maria del Carmen Bisi Molina