Three-Dimensional Finite-Element Study into the Biomechanical Comparison of Force Distribution in Self-Ligating and Conventional Brackets
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15517/s9vbey74Keywords:
Finite element analysis; Medicine; Torque; Self-ligating bracket; Stress distribution.Abstract
The distribution of force in orthodontic treatments greatly affects outcome variables, including tooth movement efficiency and periodontal health. The aim of this study was to analyze the force distribution in self-ligating and conventional brackets during anterior tooth retraction through finite element analysis (FEA). Micro-CT scans and solid modeling software created a 3D model of the maxillary central incisor and supporting components. Clinical orthodontic protocols for anterior retraction were used to define boundary conditions and force magnitudes for ANSYS 2020R2 finite element simulations. Self-ligating brackets (Damon Q1, Q2) were used with edgewise, Roth, and MBT brackets. Stress distribution in the tooth, PDL, and surrounding alveolar bone was investigated under simulated orthodontic forces. The FEA revealed significant differences in stress distribution among the bracket types. The self-ligating Damon Q1 and Q2 brackets exhibited a more uniform stress distribution compared to conventional brackets, which showed concentrated stress in the crown and root areas. Maximum stress values in the Damon Q2 bracket were found to be lower (0.99984 MPa) and more evenly distributed across the tooth and PDL, suggesting more efficient force application. In contrast, the edgewise bracket demonstrated higher localized stresses, particularly at the crown and apical regions. Self-ligating brackets produce a more predictable and biologically acceptable force distribution than conventional brackets. These findings may lower root resorption risk and enhance treatment predictability. Interpreting these findings should take into account limitations like the simplified tooth model and lack of in vivo confirmation.
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