Effect of Preheating on the Physical Properties of Bis-GMA-Containing, Bis-GMA-Free and Glass Ionomer-Based Fissure Sealants

Yilmaz, Burcu; Ozmen, Bilal

doi:10.15517/6y2zyx55

Authors

Burcu Yilmaz Deparment of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Ondokuz Mayis University, Korfez, 19 Mayis Uni, no: 45, 55270, Samsun, Türkiye. Author https://orcid.org/0009-0003-7401-3728
Bilal Ozmen Deparment of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Ondokuz Mayis University, Korfez, 19 Mayis Uni, no: 45, 55270, Samsun, Türkiye. Author https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4435-288X

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15517/6y2zyx55

Keywords:

Fissure sealant; Microhardness; Preheating; Surface roughness.

Abstract

This study aimed to evaluate in vitro the effects of preheating on the microhardness and surface roughness of fissure sealants with different compositions. Resin-based sealants (Clinpro, Fissurit FX), Bis-GMA-free resin-based sealants (Helioseal F Plus), and glass ionomer-based sealants (Riva Protect) were tested. Fifty-six cylindrical specimens (n=7) were prepared at room temperature and at 55 ± 1°C. Preheating was performed using Ena Heat. Microhardness was measured with a Vickers tester, and surface roughness was evaluated using an atomic force microscope. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA, Tukey’s post hoc, and t-tests. Preheating significantly increased microhardness in all groups (p<0.05). Surface roughness decreased in Helioseal F Plus and Fissurit FX (p<0.05) but remained unchanged in Clinpro and Riva Protect (p>0.05). These results indicate that preheating enhances the microhardness of all fissure sealants, while its effect on surface roughness depends on the material type.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Petersen P.E. Sociobehavioural risk factors in dental caries - international perspectives. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2005; 33 (4): 274-9.

Garg N., Indushekar K.R., Saraf B.G., Sheoran N., Sardana D. Comparative evaluation of penetration ability of three pit and fissure sealants and their relationship with fissure patterns. J Dent (Shiraz). 2018; 19 (2): 92-9.

Ahovuo-Saloranta A., Forss H., Walsh T., Nordblad A., Mäkelä M., Worthington H.V. Pit and fissure sealants for preventing dental decay in permanent teeth. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017; 7 (7): CD001830.

Urquhart O., Tampi M., Pilcher L., Slayton R., Araujo M., Fontana M., et al. Nonrestorative treatments for caries: systematic review and network meta-analysis. J Dent Res. 2019; 98 (1): 14-26.

Subramaniam P., Konde S., Mandanna D.K. Retention of a resin-based sealant and a glass ionomer used as a fissure sealant: a comparative clinical study. J Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent. 2008; 26 (3):114-20.

Schill H., Graeser P., Bücher K., Pfisterer J., Khazaei Y., Enggist L., et al. Clinical performance of a new fissure sealant-results from a 2-year randomized clinical trial. Clin Oral Investig. 2022; 26 (8): 5471-80.

Hafshejani T.M., Zamanian A., Venugopal J.R., Rezvani Z., Sefat F., Saeb M.R., et al. Antibacterial glass-ionomer cement restorative materials: A critical review on the current status of extended release formulations. J Control Release. 2017; 262: 317-28.

Perdigão J. Current perspectives on dental adhesion: (1) Dentin adhesion–not there yet. Jpn Dent Sci Rev. 2020; 56 (1): 190-207.

Lopes L.C.P., Terada R.S.S., Tsuzuki F.M., Giannini M., Hirata R. Heating and preheating of dental restorative materials—a systematic review. Clin Oral Investig. 2020; 24 (12): 4225-35.

Nezir M., Özcan S. In vitro evaluation of mechanical, surface, and optical properties of restorative materials applied with different techniques. J Funct Biomater. 2024; 15 (5): 128.

de Oliveira B.M., Agostini I.E., Baesso M.L., Menezes-Silva R., Borges A.F.S., Navarro M.F.L., et al. Influence of external energy sources on the dynamic setting process of glass-ionomer cements. Dent Mater. 2019; 35 (3): 450-6.

Skrinjaric K., Vranic D.N., Glavina D., Skrinjaric I. Heat-treated glass ionomer cement fissure sealants: retention after 1 year follow-up. Int J Paediatr Dent. 2008; 18 (5): 368-73.

Hristov K.M., Angelova L.M., Georgieva N.E., Bogovska-Gigova R.T. Micro-CT assessment of heat and vibration effect on sealant penetration in different fissure types. Oral Health Prev Dent. 2025; 24: 77.

Little P.A., Wood D.J., Bubb N.L., Maskill S.A., Mair L.H., Youngson C.C. Thermal conductivity through various restorative lining materials. J Dent. 2005; 33 (7): 585-91.

Uctasli M.B., Arisu H.D., Lasilla L.V., Valittu P.K. Effect of preheating on the mechanical properties of resin composites. Eur J Dent. 2008; 2 (4): 263-8.

Colombo M., Poggio C., Lasagna A., Chiesa M., Scribante A. Vickers micro-hardness of new restorative CAD/CAM dental materials: evaluation and comparison after exposure to acidic drink. Materials. 2019; 12 (8): 1246.

Czasch P., Ilie N. In vitro comparison of mechanical properties and degree of cure of bulk fill composites. Clin Oral Investig. 2013; 17: 227-35.

Jager S., Balthazard R., Dahoun A., Mortier E. Filler content, surface microhardness, and rheological properties of various flowable resin composites. Oper Dent. 2016; 41 (6): 655-65.

Kuşgöz A., Tüzüner T., Ülker M., Kemer B., Saray O. Conversion degree, microhardness, microleakage and fluoride release of different fissure sealants. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater. 2010; 3 (8): 594-9.

Fronza B.M., Rueggeberg F.A., Braga R.R., Mogilevych B., Soares L.E.S., Martin A.A., et al. Monomer conversion, microhardness, internal marginal adaptation, and shrinkage stress of bulk-fill resin composites. Dent Mater. 2015; 31 (12): 1542-51.

Menezes-Silva R., Oliveira BMBd, Magalhães A.P.R., Bueno L.S., Borges A.F.S., Baesso M.L., et al. Correlation between mechanical properties and stabilization time of chemical bonds in glass-ionomer cements. Braz Oral Res. 2020; 34: e053.

Woolford M. Effect of radiant heat on the surface hardness of glass polyalkenoate (ionomer) cement. J Dent. 1994; 22 (6): 360-3.

Lopes L., Terada R., de Castro-Hoshino L., de Oliveira B., Pascotto R., Baesso M., et al. In vitro evaluation of the stabilization time of chemical bonds during setting reaction and microhardness of preheated glass-ionomer cements. Oper Dent. 2021;46 (2): 208-18.

Lucey S., Lynch C.D., Ray N., Burke F., Hannigan A. Effect of pre-heating on the viscosity and microhardness of a resin composite. J Oral Rehabil. 2010; 37 (4): 278-82.

Carvalho F., Sampaio C., Fucio S., Carlo H., Correr-Sobrinho L., Puppin-Rontani R. Effect of chemical and mechanical degradation on surface roughness of three glass ionomers and a nanofilled resin composite. Oper Dent. 2012; 37 (5): 509-17.

İlisulu S.C., Birant S., Üçüncü M.K. Surface roughness of pit and fissure sealants after immersion in different beverages. Essent Dent. 2024; 3: 22-7.

Yousry M.A., Zayed M.M., Mahmoud N.A. Surface roughness of bis-gma free resin composite in comparison with bis-gma containing resin composite (In-vitro Study). Egypt Dent J. 2023; 69 (3): 2437-45.

Medeiros I.C., Costa B.P., Gondim B.L.C., Carlo H.L., Santos R.L.d., Carvalho F.G.d. In vitro effects of erosive challenge on the surface properties of sealants. Braz J Oral Sci. 2015; 14 (4): 276-81.

De Fúcio S., de Paula A.B., de Carvalho F.G., Feitosa V.P., Ambrosano G, Puppin-Rontani RM. Biomechanical degradation of the nano-filled resin-modified glass-ionomer surface. Am J Dent. 2012; 25 (6): 315-20.

Sabatini C., Blunck U., Denehy G., Munoz C. Effect of pre-heated composites and flowable liners on Class II gingival margin gap formation. Oper Dent. 2010; 35 (6): 663-71.

Üçtaşlı M.B., Eligüzeloğlu E., Arısu H.D., Özcan S., Ömürlü H., Çınar S. İki farklı bitirme ve parlatma sisteminin farklı viskozitedeki akışkan ve mikrodolduruculu kompozit restoratif materyallerin yüzey pürüzlülüğü üzerine etkisi [The effect of two different finishing and polishing systems on surface roughness of different viscosity flowable and microfill composite restorative materials]. Turk Klin J Dent Sci. 2008; 14 (2): 75-9. Turkish.

Bodrumlu EH, Arslan G. The Effect of the pre-heating process on surface roughness of compomer. J Int Dent Sci. 2017; 9 (3): 135-9.