Usos de hidrogeles a base de quitosano en odontología: una revisión sistemática
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15517/ijds.2024.60340Palabras clave:
Hidrogel; Quitosano; Xilitol; Remineralización; Esmalte dental.Resumen
El objetivo de este artículo fue realizar una revisión sistemática de la literatura para determinar los diferentes usos terapéuticos de los hidrogeles de quitosano y su enfoque en la terapia odontológica, así como la modificación y mejoramiento de materiales dentales para promover investigaciones relacionadas con el quitosano y su incorporación a el área dental como coadyuvante o sustituto en algunos tratamientos odontológicos. El quitosano es un polímero natural obtenido de la desacetilación de la quitina, un polisacárido abundante en la naturaleza, que por sus características ha despertado el interés de la biomedicina. La odontología no es ajena a este interés, pues estudios recientes han demostrado que el quitosano puede integrarse a materiales dentales para obtener efectos remineralizantes, como agentes antimicrobianos, agentes osteogénicos, en tratamientos de regeneración pulpar, entre otros. Se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica en PubMed, Scopus y Google Scholar desde 2018 hasta 2023. Los resultados mostraron una amplia gama de usos del quitosano en el ámbito odontológico. Lo que más destaca es el uso como agente remineralizante del esmalte dental; también fue utilizado en la regeneración de tejidos principalmente por su actividad osteogénica, como agente antimicrobiano, como vehículo para la aplicación de medicamentos, entre otros. El uso del quitosano como nanobiomaterial es un tema interesante, ya que por sus características, el quitosano muestra potencial para nuevos materiales dentales ya sea como ingrediente activo o como vehículo coadyuvante de otros materiales.
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Derechos de autor 2024 Jesús Antonio Valenciana-Solís, César Gaitán-Fonseca, Luis Alejandro Aguilera-Galavíz, Gabriel Alejandro Martínez-Castañón, Verónica Zavala-Alonso, Carlos Bermúdez-Jiménez
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