Odovtos - International Journal of Dental Sciences
Odovtos – International Journal of Dental Sciences (Odovtos-Int J Dent Sc) is the official scientific publication of the Faculty of Dentistry, University of Costa Rica. The main objective of this peer-reviewed journal is to disseminate original and transcendental knowledge in the field of dentistry and its specialties. Odovtos-Int J Dent Sc primary readership consists of dentists, dental educators, academics, dental students, researchers, health professionals and general public interested in expanding their knowledge in the area. Our journal consider unpublished and original manuscripts in ENGLISH with a prominent focus on critical and innovative data, promoting major clinical, academic and scientific research, based on International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) recommendations. Odovtos - Int J Dent Sc offers Online-First publication, allowing frequent dissemination of its content. You can access our Journal Normalized Citation Impact and Citation Impact in InCites-Clarivate: Incites - Clarivate Citation Impact 2023 JCR Impact Factor list of Clarivate Analytics: 0.6. Qualis 3 SCOPUS WHY SUBMIT YOUR PAPER TO OUR JOURNAL? Odovtos – International Journal of Dental Sciences compromises to disseminate their contents worldwide, through collaborations with several Dental Schools, online databases, index and repositories, website, social media, among others. All submitted manuscripts are peer-reviewed based solely on the criteria of quality, innovation and pertinence. The pre-publication process is brief due to online submission. Moreover, Odovtos-Int. J. Dent. Sc. is an Online-First Journal, which allows frequent publication in Internet according to Open Access Initiative, favoring the diffusion of its content. Journal indexed: ODOVTOS is indexed in Clarivate Analytics with a 2023 JCR Impact Factor list of Clarivate Analytics: 0.6. <a href="https://www.scimagojr.com/journalsearch.php?q=21101088429&tip=sid&clean=0#:~:text=%3Ca%20href%3D%22https%3A//www.scimagojr.com/journalsearch.php%3Fq%3D21101088429%26amp%3Btip%3Dsid%26amp%3Bexact%3Dno%22%20title%3D%22SCImago%20Journal%20%26amp%3B%20Country%20Rank%22%3E%3Cimg%20border%3D%220%22%20src%3D%22https%3A//www.scimagojr.com/journal_img.php%3Fid%3D21101088429%22%20alt%3D%22SCImago%20Journal%20%26amp%3B%20Country%20Rank%22%20%20/%3E%3C/a%3E"> Our journal is also indexed in: Scopus SCIELO REDALYC DOAJ LATINDEX LILACS DIALNET ESCI-CLARIVATE ANALYTICS REDIB PERIODICA ICJME MIAR ROAD BIBLAT EUROPUB EBSCO PROQUEST ULRICHS COPAC PKP INDEX JOURNAL TOCS DRJI DAIJ J-GATE INDEX COPERNICUS
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Oxidative Stress Markers Analysis in Sites with Healthy Conditions and with Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases
To evaluate the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and the peri- implant crevicular fluid (PICF) concentration of oxidative stress markers, such as malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in healthy sites and in those affected by periodontitis (PER) and peri-implantitis (PIM). Sites in periodontal (PH) and peri-implant (PIH) healthy conditions and sites with PER and PIM were investigated in 120 subjects. Clinical parameters including plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), probing pocket depth (PPD), and bleeding on probing (BOP) were recorded. Levels of MDA and SOD in GCF and PICF were determined using commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits and statistically correlated with PI, GI PPD and BOP. No statistically significant differences (p>0.05) in level of MDA and SOD were found in PH vs. PIH sites with. Compared to PH sites, PER sites presented a higher level of MDA and SOD, but the difference was not statistically significant (p>0.05). Statistically significant higher concentrations of MDA (p=0.009) and SOD (p= 0.004) were found in PIM sites compared to PIH. Moreover, PIM sites showed also statistically higher levels of MDA (p=0.012) and SOD (p=0.013) than PER sites. MDA and SOD concentrations were found positively correlated with PD and BOP. The measured oxidative stress markers were statistically higher in diseased peri-implant sites than in diseased periodontal sites.
Perimplantitis; Periodontitis; Oxidative stress markers.
Copyright (c) 2026 Renzo Guarnieri, Rodolfo Reda, Alessio Zanza, Chiara Bramucci, Luca Testarelli, Dario Di Nardo. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Effects of Aloe vera Gel on Osteoclast and Osteoblast Activity and Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor Kappa-B Ligand Expression During Bone Remodeling Following Orthodontic Temporary Anchorage Device Placement: An In Vivo Study
The biomedical use of Aloe vera continues to expand, including in orthodontics where its role in bone remodeling is of particular interest. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of Aloe vera gel on osteoclast, osteoblast, and RANKL expression following Temporary Anchorage Device (TAD) placement. Thirty male New Zealand White rabbits were randomly assigned to control and treatment groups. TADs were placed in the maxillary buccal region, and the treatment group received 50% Aloe vera gel topically. Each rabbit in the treatment group received 0.5 g of 50% Aloe vera gel topically around the TAD site twice daily. Histological analysis and ELISA were conducted on days 3, 7, and 14. The results showed a significant increase in osteoblast counts on days 7 and 14 (p<0.05). Osteoclast counts remained elevated on day 3 but were significantly lower than the control group (p < 0.05), followed by a further decrease on day 14. RANKL expression increased moderately over time (R²=0.517). Regression analysis demonstrated a time-dependent effect of Aloe vera on osteoblasts (R²=0.834) and osteoclasts (R²=0.928). These findings suggest that Aloe vera gel supports bone remodeling by relatively suppressing osteoclast activity, enhancing osteoblast response, and modulating RANKL expression proportionally, making it a promising adjunct for improving TAD stability in clinical orthodontics.
Aloe vera; Bone remodeling; Osteoblasts; Osteoclasts; RANKL; Temporary Anchorage Device (TAD).
Copyright (c) 2026 Pepi Riyani Siregar, Baharuddin M. Ranggang, Nasyrah Hidayati, Eddy Heriyanto Habar, Eka Erwansyah, Ardiansyah S. Pawinru, Zilal Islamy Paramma. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Human Papillomavirus Detection in Crevicular Fluid and Risk Stratification in Refractory Periodontitis: A Multicenter Cross-Sectional Study
Refractory periodontitis affects treatment success rates and may be associated with viral reservoirs in periodontal pockets. Human papillomavirus (HPV) causes direct cytopathic effects on periodontal tissues and may contribute to treatment failure. This study aimed to detect HPV in crevicular fluid and develop a risk stratification tool for patients with refractory periodontitis. A cross-sectional multicenter study was conducted involving 80 patients with refractory periodontitis from two Colombian universities. HPV detection was performed using conventional and real-time duplex PCR in crevicular fluid samples. Sociodemographic and clinical variables were analyzed. Multivariate logistic regression and ROC curve analysis were used to develop and validate a risk prediction score. HPV prevalence was 15% (12/80 patients), with high-risk genotypes identified in 4 cases (33% of HPV-positive). Multivariate analysis revealed oral sex practice as the strongest independent predictor (OR=18.9; 95%CI: 4.2-85.3, p<0.001), followed by female sex (OR=2.8; 95%CI: 0.6-13.1) and age >50 years (OR=4.2; 95%CI: 0.5-35.7). The developed risk score showed excellent discriminative capacity (AUC-ROC=0.85; 95%CI: 0.74-0.96) with 75% sensitivity and 82% specificity at optimal cutoff. HPV detection in crevicular fluid using our validated risk stratification tool may identify patients with refractory periodontitis requiring modified therapeutic approaches. The risk score provides a practical clinical tool for HPV screening in periodontal practice.
Periodontitis; Human papillomavirus; Polymerase chain reaction; Gingival crevicular fluid; Risk assessment; Oral health.
Copyright (c) 2026 Martha Rebolledo Cobos, Alejandra Herrera-Herrera, Jaime Plazas Román, Luisa Barriga Periñan, Martha Carmona Lorduy. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Cannabis-Based Therapies for Chronic Orofacial Pain: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
To evaluate the effectiveness of cannabis-based therapies in managing chronic pain associated with TMDs, periodontitis, and oral cancer. Chronic orofacial pain, especially in temporomandibular disorders (TMDs), presents a challenge in dental practice. Traditional treatments often have adverse effects and limited efficacy. Cannabis has emerged as a potential alternative due to its analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties. A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials, cohort, and case-control studies was conducted using five databases. Risk of bias was assessed using Cochrane ROB 2.0 and ROBINS-I tools. Six studies were included. Cannabis showed significant pain relief in oral cancer (OR=1.46; 95% CI: 1.24-1.71), while effects in TMDs and periodontitis were inconclusive. Cannabis may benefit oral cancer pain management; further studies are needed for TMDs and periodontitis.
Cannabis; Cannabinoids; Chronic pain; Orofacial pain; Temporomandibular joint disorders; Periodontitis; Oral cancer; Analgesics; Dentistry; Systematic review; Meta-analysis.
Copyright (c) 2026 Tatiana Cruz Moreno, María Romero Guerrero, Diego Quiguango Farias, Sandra Vélez Cevallos, Eliana Pazmiño Troncoso, Alisson Juiña Jaime, Luis Chauca Bajaña, Alejandro I. Lorenzo-Pouso, Héctor Zambrano Aguilar, Byron Velásquez Ron. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Analysis of Self-Perceived Prosthetic Needs and Social Interaction Issues in Older Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study
Oral factors, such as tooth loss and the quality of dental prostheses, have been identified as potential determinants of healthy aging in older adults. These factors significantly impact their overall quality of life. To investigate the variables associated with health and well-being of individuals over the age of 60 that may influence self-perceived prosthetic needs and social interaction issues related to the use of dental prostheses in the Colombian population. A cross-sectional analysis was conducted with secondary data provided by the National Study of Health, Well-Being, and Aging (SABE). SABE study carried out 23.694 surveys with 1.665 variables of which 37 were analyzed and considered of interest for this research corresponding to a subsample analyzed of 1.442 surveys. As main dependent variables were chosen: Self-perceived dental prosthetic needs and Dental prosthesis-related social interaction problems. Sociodemographic, general and oral health conditions were considered as independent variables. Descriptive, bivariate, and multivariate analyses were used to estimate the influence of independent variables on the main outcomes. The perceived necessity of a new dental prosthesis was associated with fair/poor general health, no mandibular prosthesis, time of prosthesis use ≥5 years, dental prosthesis dissatisfaction and prosthesis-related social interaction problems. On the other hand, social interactions problems related to dental prosthesis were associated with living in rural areas, oral dryness, using a prosthesis for <5 years, self-perceived prosthesis needs, prosthesis-related speech problems and expressing dissatisfaction with their prosthesis. Differences in main outcomes were observed according to the sociodemographic, general, and oral health characteristics that suggest social inequalities in the aged population in Colombia.
Aged; Oral health; Dental care for aged; Dental prosthesis; Cross-sectional studies; Colombia.
Copyright (c) 2026 María F. Esquivia-Espitia, Carolina Rodríguez-Medina, Andrés A. Agudelo-Suárez, María Teresa Calzada G. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Association of Osteogenesis Imperfecta with Pre-eruptive Resorption: Two Cases
Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a rare hereditary disorder of the connective tissue, characterized by bone fragility and associated craniofacial and dental abnormalities. Pre-eruptive intracoronal resorption (PIR) is an uncommon developmental anomaly that affects unerupted teeth, typically presenting as asymptomatic radiolucent lesions within the coronal dentin. Although both conditions have been individually described in the literature, their coexistence has not been previously reported. This case report describes two male patients, aged 45 and 51 years, both diagnosed with OI and found to have PIR in multiple impacted teeth. In the first case, panoramic radiographs revealed radiolucent lesions within the crowns of impacted teeth #13 and #33, which were further characterized by cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) as PIR involving enamel and dentin. In the second case, panoramic imaging demonstrated PIR in impacted teeth #37, #38, and #48, confirmed by CBCT as extensive intracoronal defects adjacent to the mandibular canal. Both patients were referred for surgical evaluation following radiographic diagnosis. This report highlights the potential coexistence of OI and PIR, raising questions about possible shared pathogenic mechanisms. More importantly, the cases emphasize the role of radiographic evaluation in early diagnosis.
Collagen diseases; Cone-beam computed tomography; Osteogenesis imperfecta; Panoramic radiography; Teeth abnormalities; Tooth resorption.
Copyright (c) 2026 Melek Rutbil, Deniz Ozkara, Fatma Akkoca, Melih Ozdede. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Biofilm and Enamel Changes after Interproximal Reduction and Polishing
This study examined the effects of three different interproximal enamel reduction (IER) techniques and subsequent polishing methods on enamel roughness and biofilm formation. Enamel samples were treated with diamond burs, abrasive strips, or diamond discs, followed by polishing using various techniques. Surface roughness was measured with Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), and Profilometry (PM). Biofilm formation of Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacillus acidophilus, and Candida albicans were evaluated in vitro after IER and polishing. The results shown SEM, AFM, and PM revealed increased roughness on enamel surfaces treated with all IER techniques, with PM showing higher Ra and Rz values for the diamond bur IER method. Polishing was performed after IER, reducing roughness across all methods, though not to control levels. Additionally, a significant increase in the levels of S. mutans, L. acidophilus, and C. albicans was observed on enamel surfaces treated with all IER techniques, with reductions seen after polishing.While IER effectively addresses dental crowding, it inherently increases enamel roughness and consequently elevates the risk of biofilm accumulation and caries. This study emphasizes the importance of meticulous polishing procedures and highlights the need for long-term clinical studies to evaluate the enduring effects of IER on oral health.
Interproximal enamel reduction; Stripping; Enamel damage; Post-stripping polishing; Dental biofilm.
Copyright (c) 2026 Grissel Guadalupe Orozco Molina, María Fernanda Ramírez González, Yuridia Pérez Estrada, Gibeth Steffanni Pacheco Rondón, Ninelitzetl Sara Armella-Sanchez, Abigailt Flores-Ledesma, Carlos Esteban Villegas-Mercado, Mercedes Bermúdez, Sandra Aidé Santana-Delgado, Adolfo González-Acosta, Jesús Arenas-Alatorre, Víctor Manuel Martínez-Aguilar, Juan Antonio Arreguin-Cano. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Effect of Preheating on the Physical Properties of Bis-GMA-Containing, Bis-GMA-Free and Glass Ionomer-Based Fissure Sealants
This study aimed to evaluate in vitro the effects of preheating on the microhardness and surface roughness of fissure sealants with different compositions. Resin-based sealants (Clinpro, Fissurit FX), Bis-GMA-free resin-based sealants (Helioseal F Plus), and glass ionomer-based sealants (Riva Protect) were tested. Fifty-six cylindrical specimens (n=7) were prepared at room temperature and at 55 ± 1°C. Preheating was performed using Ena Heat. Microhardness was measured with a Vickers tester, and surface roughness was evaluated using an atomic force microscope. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA, Tukey’s post hoc, and t-tests. Preheating significantly increased microhardness in all groups (p<0.05). Surface roughness decreased in Helioseal F Plus and Fissurit FX (p<0.05) but remained unchanged in Clinpro and Riva Protect (p>0.05). These results indicate that preheating enhances the microhardness of all fissure sealants, while its effect on surface roughness depends on the material type.
Fissure sealant; Microhardness; Preheating; Surface roughness.
Copyright (c) 2026 Burcu YilmaZ, Bilal Ozmen. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
High Prevalence of Self-Reported Dentin Hypersensitivity and its Associated Factors in Peruvian University Students
This study aimed to determine the prevalence of self-reported dentin hypersensitivity and its association with sociodemographic, clinical, dental, dietary, and lifestyle factors among Peruvian university students. An observational, cross-sectional, and analytical design was applied to a sample of 600 students who completed a validated, self-administered digital questionnaire with 37 items distributed across five dimensions, plus a section on dentin hypersensitivity. The outcome variable was self-reported tooth sensitivity, defined as pain in response to thermal, mechanical, or chemical stimuli, acknowledging the inherent limitations of self-reported data. The overall prevalence was 68.5%, and 39.4% of participants reported sensitivity to two or more stimuli. In bivariate analyses, hypersensitivity was significantly associated with gastric acidity, dry mouth, and frequent consumption of acidic foods, whereas snoring and orthodontic treatment showed marginal trends. In multivariable logistic regression, gastric acidity (OR = 1.86; 95% CI: 1.26-2.73), dry mouth (OR=2.16; 95% CI: 1.37-3.42), and snoring (OR=1.65; 95% CI: 1.02-2.68) remained independent associated factors. The final model exhibited good overall fit and high sensitivity, though low specificity, with a moderate discriminative capacity (AUC=0.668). In conclusion, self-reported dentin hypersensitivity among university students showed a high prevalence, mainly associated with gastric acidity, dry mouth, and snoring, with additional trends related to orthodontic treatment and frequent intake of acidic foods, and the findings should be interpreted considering the limitations of self-reported measurements.
Tooth sensitivity; Students; Risk factors; Prevalence; Cross-sectional studies.
Copyright (c) 2026 Carolina Corrales-Mattos-Simão, Gabriela M. Castro-Núñez, Serey D. Portilla-Miranda, Zaida Moya-de-Calderón, Milton C. Kuga, Wilfredo G. Escalante-Otárola. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Biocompatibility, Cytotoxicity, and Antibacterial Evaluation of Novel Chitosan-Based 3D Bioprinted Bone Scaffolds: In Vitro Study
The objective of the study was the biologic characterisation of novel three dimensional (3D) bioprinted osseous scaffolds developed for bone tissue engineering, using biocompatibility, cytotoxicity analysis and antibacterial assay. A composite bioink comprising polyethylene glycol (PEG), polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PEGDA), hydroxyapatite (HAP), collagen (COL), and chitosan (CH)was formulated and 3D bioprinted into osseous scaffolds using Cellink Bio X, extrusion-based 3D bioprinter. In vitro biologic characterisation included 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay for biocompatibility using MG-63 osteoblast-like cells, cytotoxicity analysis using zebrafish model, with Group A (3D bioprinted scaffolds) and Group B (Phosphate buffer saline). Antibacterial assay was performed using disc diffusion method, with Group A1(low concentration of 3D bioprinted scaffolds), Group A2 (high concentration of 3D bioprinted scaffolds), Group B (dimethyl sulfoxide), and Group C (20 mg Erythromycin and 20 mg Penicillin) against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus, MTCC 740), Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans, MTCC 890), Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis, MTCC 439), and Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae, MTCC 109). Biologic characterisation revealed good biocompatibility of Group A (3D bioprinted scaffolds) comparable to Group B (untreated MG63), at all time points. No significant difference in embryo viability was observed for both Groups A and B, with good length, prominent trunk, tail, and organ development. Antibacterial assay revealed significant intergroup activity across all tested strains (p = 0.000), with comparable zone of inhibition of Group A2 with the control against S. aureus and S. mutans. The biologic characterization of the novel 3D bioprinted osseous scaffolds revealed good biocompatibility, limited cytotoxicity, and promising antibacterial properties. These findings underscore the potential of the developed constructs for application in bone tissue engineering for enhancing overall health. Future studies should focus on osteogenic differentiation, mineralization, and in vivo performance.
Three-dimensional bioprinting; Tissue engineering; Bone regeneration; Collagen; Chitosan; Hydroxyapatite; Health.
Copyright (c) 2026 Parkavi Arumugam, Dhivya Sarathi, Kaarthikeyan Gurumoorthy, Ramanarayana Boyapati. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Oral Care and Lifestyle Habits in Correlation with Glycated Hemoglobin in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a multifactorial pathology and a major public health problem. The objetives were to determine the correlation between oral care practices according to glycated hemoglobin and to determine how lifestyle habits correlate with glycated hemoglobin in type 2 diabetes mellitus. An observational and cross-sectional study was carried out through a survey of 420 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The participants were divided into two groups. With glycosylated hemoglobin greater than 7% as uncontrolled type 2 diabetes mellitus and with glycosylated hemoglobin equal to or less than 7% as controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus. It was found that in uncontrolled type 2 diabetes mellitus, 84.5% had bad practices and 90.0% bad lifestyle habits. Patients with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes mellitus who develop poor oral care practices had a mean glycosylated hemoglobin of 9.2%, 95% CI (7.4-11.0). Patients with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes mellitus who develop poor lifestyle habits had a mean glycosylated hemoglobin of 9.2%, 95% CI (7.4-11.0). There is a good and negative correlation between glycated hemoglobin and lifestyle habits (Rho=-0.774 and p<0.001). There is a moderate and positive correlation between glycated hemoglobin and oral care practices (Rho=0.561 and p<0.001). There is a moderate and negative correlation between oral care practices and lifestyle habits (Rho=-0.533 and p<0.001). It was concluded that a person with type 2 diabetes mellitus who maintains good oral care practices may improve their glycated hemoglobin values. The development of good lifestyle habits maintains a normal glycosylated hemoglobin.
HbA1c; Type 2 diabetes; Public health; Oral hygiene; Lifestyle; Hyperglycemia.
Copyright (c) 2026 Jorge R. Colchado-Carhuavilca, Dilma F. Leon-Morales, Carmencita Bardales-Hidalgo, Carla Figueroa-Mercado, Rosario L. Calle-Gonzales. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Relationship of Periapical Radiolucencies with the Quality of Root Canal Treatment: A CBCT Study on an Iranian Population
This study aimed to assess the relationship of periapical (PA) radiolucencies with the quality of root canal treatment (RCT) using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans of an Iranian population. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 200 endodontically-treated teeth on CBCT scans retrieved from a radiology clinic in Qazvin, Iran. The sagittal, coronal, and axial views were evaluated by an endodontist and a trained senior dental student for root canal procedural errors and presence/absence of PA radiolucency in the respective teeth. The association of PA lesions with age, gender, jaw, tooth type, presence/absence of coronal restoration, and RCT quality was analyzed by the logistic regression model (alpha=0.05). The frequency of poor-quality RCT was 75.3% in teeth with a PA radiolucency, and 15.5% in teeth without it. A significant association was found between the quality of RCT and PA radiolucencies (P<0.001). Absence of coronal restoration also had a significant association with the presence of PA radiolucencies (P<0.001). Of the procedural errors, perforation, under- and over-obturation, low obturation density (voids), and canal transportation were significantly associated with the presence of PA radiolucencies (P<0.05). The RCT quality had a significant association with development of PA radiolucencies, such that procedural errors and absence of coronal restoration were associated with a significantly higher frequency of PA lesions.
Cone-beam computed tomography; Root canal therapy; Periapical periodontitis; Periapical granuloma.
Copyright (c) 2026 Maryam Abdollahi, Marjan Bolbolian, Maryam Tofangchiha, Pooya Rasti, Zahra Keshavarzi, Ahad Alizadeh, Rodolfo Reda, Luca Testarelli. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
CD44+ Cells Influence Oral Squamous Cell Carcinomas in Two Comparative Age Groups
Head and neck cancer (HNC) is the sixth most common malignancy worldwide, with high morbidity and mortality rates mainly due to delayed diagnosis. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are involved in HNC progression and treatment response, carrying important therapeutic and prognostic implications. CD44, a transmembrane glycoprotein linked to cartilage, has been proposed as a CSC biomarker and is associated with cancer progression and poor survival. CSCs may also play a role in oral carcinogenesis among young individuals. This retrospective cross-sectional study aimed to identify CD44+ cells in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) across two age groups. Thirty-six OSCC cases from a teaching service for oral histopathological diagnosis were identified between January 2005 and December 2019. Cases were divided into two groups: young group (17 patients aged ≤ 40 years) and adult/elderly group (19 patients aged ≥ 41 years). Histological slides were obtained and stained using the hematoxylin and eosin technique and the immunohistochemical technique with anti-CD44 antibodies. In the young group, males predominated (70%) with the gingiva as the main site (9 cases), while the adult/elderly group had more females (52.5%), with eight cases on the tongue. Both groups primarily showed well-differentiated OSCC. In both groups, islands of CD44+ cells, characterized by large, basophilic nuclei and scant cytoplasm, were identified in the stroma. No significant association was found between CD44 immunoreactivity and age, sex, location, or differentiation degree (P > 0.05). The identification of CD44+ could contribute to improving the diagnosis and prognosis of oral cancer, and eventually offer targeted therapies.
Cancer stem cells; CD44+ cells; Oral cancer; Oral squamous cell carcinoma; Invasive tumor front.
Copyright (c) 2026 Francisco G. Villanueva-Sánchez, Patricia González-Alva, Diana I. Rivera-Reza, Luis A. Gaitán-Cepeda. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Effects of Surgical and Non-surgical Periodontal Therapy on Renal Function and Inflammatory Biomarkers and Mortality in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease: An Umbrella Review
Periodontitis and chronic kidney disease (CKD) share common pathophysiological mechanisms, with periodontitis acting as a chronic inflammatory comorbidity that exacerbates systemic inflammation in CKD patients. This study aimed to analyze the effect of surgical and non-surgical periodontal therapy on renal function, inflammatory biomarkers, and mortality in patients with CKD according to the available evidence. An umbrella review was conducted, including systematic reviews and meta-analyses from databases such as PubMed, Clinical Key, Scopus, Cochrane, Scielo, and Google Scholar. Methodological quality was assessed using AMSTAR-2, and reporting quality with PRISMA. Five systematic reviews and meta-analyses, encompassing 21 primary studies, were analyzed. The evidence indicates that periodontal therapy significantly reduces systemic inflammatory biomarkers like IL-6 and C-reactive protein, while also improving renal function markers, including an increased glomerular filtration rate. Non-surgical periodontal therapy was associated with a statistically significant reduction in mortality and cardiovascular-related morbidity, especially with intensive therapy and follow-up. These findings suggest that periodontal treatment may benefit renal health by reducing systemic inflammation and lowering mortality risks linked to cardiovascular complications. However, the heterogeneity of study designs and analyzed variables limits the ability to draw definitive conclusions. Future high-quality research is necessary to clarify these associations.
Biomarkers; Kidney failure; Periodontitis; Systematic review; Periodontal diseases; Umbrella review.
Copyright (c) 2026 nny Marcela Vivares-Builes, María Teresa Pertúz-Rondón, German Márquez-Toro, Carlos Pizarro-Herrera, Andrés Alonso Agudelo-Suarez, Carlos M. Ardila. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Effect of Different Concentrations of Triple Antibiotic Paste Used in Root Canal Disinfection on the In Vitro Formation of Enterococcus faecalis Biofilms
Enterococcus faecalis biofilms are a major cause of persistent endodontic infection and treatment failure. Triple antibiotic paste (TAP) is widely used, yet the optimal concentration that maximizes antibiofilm efficacy while minimizing cytotoxicity remains uncertain. This study aims to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of a modified TAP (ciprofloxacin–metronidazole–amoxicillin) against E. faecalis and to evaluate the effect of clinical and subinhibitory (sub-MIC) concentrations on in vitro biofilm formation. E. faecalis was cultured in brain heart infusion. MIC was determined by broth microdilution with resazurin as a viability indicator. Biofilm assays were performed in 96-well plates preconditioned for antibiotic adsorption. Standardized inocula were incubated 48 h (with medium renewal at 24 h). Biofilms were detached by sonication, serially diluted, drop-plated on BHI agar, and enumerated as CFU/mL. Percentage biofilm reduction was calculated relative to growth controls. Experiments were run in triplicate. The MIC of TAP against planktonic E. faecalis was 0.038 µg/mL. All concentrations tested reduced biofilm formation significantly versus MIC. Sub-MIC levels of 0.076 and 3.0 µg/mL produced similar reductions (p > 0.05). Higher sub-MIC concentrations—6.1, 24, and 49 µg/mL—achieved reductions approaching 100%, comparable to the clinical concentrations of 1000 and 2500 µg/mL (p > 0.05). Findings reveal a dose-dependent antibiofilm effect and highlight that some sub-MIC exposures can outperform the MIC for biofilm control. TAP exhibits a dose-dependent antibiofilm effect against E. faecalis, and concentrations below those commonly used clinically can markedly suppress biofilm formation in vitro. Sub-MIC levels equivalent to 1/1280, 1/640, and 1/160 of the MIC showed outstanding efficacy, suggesting the potential for lower-dose TAP protocols that preserve antibacterial activity while reducing adverse effects and antimicrobial resistance risk. Further studies must validate sub-MIC TAP regimens in multispecies biofilms and clinical settings.
Enterococcus faecalis; Biofilms; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Endodontics; Microorganisms; Root Canal Therapy.
Copyright (c) 2026 Eliana Pineda-Vélez, Claudia María Bedoya-Correa, Carlos M. Ardila. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Knowledge-Aware Graph Neural Networks for TRPV1 Drug-Gene Associations in Periodontal Pain
TRPV1 (Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid 1) is a critical protein in the pathogenesis of periodontal pain, activated by noxious stimuli and inflammatory mediators associated with periodontitis. This study investigates drug-gene interactions involving TRPV1 to elucidate its role in periodontal pain mechanisms. Knowledge Graph Neural Networks (KGNNs) were employed to model and analyze the complex relationships between drugs, genes, and pain receptors in periodontal tissues. By leveraging biological datasets, including TRPV1 channel activity, pain receptor interactions, and gene expression profiles, the study aims to identify potential therapeutic targets and strategies for personalized pain management in periodontal treatment. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were integrated with drug and gene associations to model biological systems and inform therapeutic development. The study utilized a gene expression dataset encompassing features such as gene similarity scores, adjusted p-values, and biochemical activity. A semantic similarity-based fusion approach was applied to enhance model performance by incorporating biological information layers, improving interaction modeling, and promoting efficient information propagation. Three graph-based models were employed: Graph Convolutional Network (GCN) as a baseline, Residual GCN (ResGCN) for stability, and Attention-based GCN (AttGCN) for dynamic node weighting. Among the models, ResGCN demonstrated superior performance with an accuracy of 93.75% and the lowest final loss, highlighting its robustness in predicting drug-gene associations. This outcome supports the potential utility of ResGCN in accurately modeling TRPV1-mediated pain mechanisms and guiding therapeutic decisions. The application of KGNNs has provided valuable insights into TRPV1 drug-gene interactions in the context of periodontal pain. The findings emphasize the potential for using ResGCN in therapeutic discovery and optimization. However, challenges such as data quality and biological complexity remain.
Periodontal pain; TRPV1; Graphs; Neural networks; Knowledge graphs.
Copyright (c) 2025 Pradeep K. Yadalam, Saravagya Sharma, Carlos M. Ardila. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Protective Effect of Quinoa Extract on Periodontium and Serum YKL-40 Levels of Albino Rat Depression Model
The research was done to explore the influence of quinoa extract on periodontium, and to assess serum YKL-40 level in a depression rat model. An overall number of 30 male albino rats weighing170-180 g were used. Animals were grouped into three categories; group I: control group, group II: depressed group, group III: depressed group treated with 600 mg/kg body weight quinoa extract. The experimental duration extended to a period of 21 days. Blood samples obtained from the heart were transported to biochemistry tubes for ELISA analysis following euthanization. Mandibular molar region specimens were subjected to decalcification for histological evaluation. Quinoa extract ameliorated the degenerative changes of periodontium in the experimental depression model, increased body weight and serum serotonin level, and decreased serum cortisol and YKL-40 levels. Quinoa extract may be utilized as a preventative measure against the periodontal damage brought on by depression.
Depression; Periodontium; YKL-40; Quinoa extract.
Copyright (c) 2025 Nehad M. Abd-elmonsif, Sherif Gamal, Mona El Deeb. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Dental Findings in Goltz Syndrome: A Case Report and Literature Review
Goltz syndrome or Focal dermal hypoplasia, is a genetic polymorphic cutaneous disorder with highly variable anomalies affecting the eyes, central nervous system, urinary system, gastrointestinal system, cardiovascular system, and craniofacial and dental complex. It is transmitted as an X-linked dominant trait. Clinical signs include cutaneous atrophy and periorificial papillomas that commonly appear around the mouth, genitals, and/or anus, include onychodystrophy and cicatricial alopecia, bone disorders, such as syndactyly, ectrodactyly, and/or aplasia of fingers in the hands or feet, are present from birth, scoliosis, hypoplastic clavicles and ribs, and thoracic deformation. This syndrome is associated with dental abnormalities that may include malocclusion, oral papillomas, and enamel defects. It affects tissues derived from both the ectomesenchyme. The objective of this study was to provide a narrative review of the oral cavity findings described in Goltz syndrome and present a case report.
Goltz syndrome; Focal dermal hypoplasia; Oral manifestations.
Copyright (c) 2025 Adriana De la Torre, Santiago Torres-Morales, Juan Pablo López Salazar, Alexandra Mariño, Laura Sanabria. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Enhanced Hierarchical Attention Network-Based Drug-Gene Association for Angiotensin Receptors in Periodontal Inflammation
Periodontal inflammation, a chronic condition affecting teeth and supporting structures, is linked to cardiovascular disease. The renin-angiotensin system plays a crucial role in inflammation and oxidative stress, with AT1 and AT2 receptors affecting vascular functions and inflammatory responses. This study aims to utilize angiotensin receptors in periodontal inflammation through enhanced hysterical attention network-based drug-gene association. Data preprocessing is crucial for ensuring the quality and reliability of drug and gene data, particularly in research involving angiotensin receptors, by identifying duplicates and correcting inconsistent formats. Cytoscape was utilized to import drugs and genes linked to angiotensin receptors, thereby constructing and analyzing a network. The Hierarchical Attention Network is an innovative framework for processing structured data with hierarchical relationships. It is suitable for tasks where features can be organized into multi-level structures. The network, with 1,172 nodes and 4,315 edges, has efficient communication, low density, significant connectivity variance, moderate centralization, and four connected components, with a 1.531-second analysis time. The model's R² score is 0.3631, indicating that the features can explain 36.31% of the target variable's variance. However, the model's predictions are about 0.8013 units away from actual values, suggesting room for improvement. Integrating hierarchical attention networks in deep learning models is promising for predicting drug and gene interactions in angiotensin receptors in periodontal inflammation.
Angiotensin; Cytoscape; Cardiovascular disease; Drug-gene associations; Periodontal inflammation; Deep learning; AT1/AT2 receptors.
Copyright (c) 2025 Pradeep K. Yadalam, Carlos M. Ardila. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Optogenetics Era in Oral and Maxillofacial Field
Optogenetics is an interdisciplinary field that blends genomics and optical technology to regulate gene expression and biological processes. It offers advantages such as precise control over timing and placement, low invasiveness, and excellent efficiency. This procedure is enabled by photosensory proteins that have been genetically engineered to change form when exposed to light. As a result, optogenetic technologies provide important insights into a variety of biological mechanisms, ranging from subcellular and cellular processes to brain circuitry and behavioural patterns. This review will discuss the evolution of optogenetics and recent advances in its application in oral and maxillofacial studies. We will also look at how optogenetics has affected preclinical studies. While the scope of optogenetic techniques grows, obstacles remain in their application to oral and dental research.
Optogenetics; Genes; Oral; Maxillofacial.
Copyright (c) 2025 Nehad M. Abd-elmonsif, Sherif Gamal. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Digital Transfer of the Emergence Profile After Immediate Implant Placement with Hard and Soft Tissue Management
The purpose of this report is to describe a streamlined digital workflow to transfer conditioned emergence profiles after immediate implant placements with hard and soft tissue management. A 50-year-old woman with fractures in two maxillary premolars was treated by atraumatic extractions, immediate implant placements, guided bone regeneration with a particulate xenograft, and connective tissue grafting. Healing abutments were placed to support initial tissue maturation. After a 12-16-week healing period, the implants were activated, and screw-retained provisional restorations were delivered to condition the peri-implant mucosa. Once stable emergence profiles were achieved, at week 24, a digital protocol using three coordinated scans was implemented: (1) intraoral scan with the scan bodies, (2) intraoral scan with the provisional restorations in place, and (3) extraoral scan of the provisionals with a gingival barrier for alignment. The datasets were merged in CAD software to replicate critical and subcritical contours for the definitive prostheses. The three-scan protocol enabled an accurate transfer of the conditioned mucosal contours, facilitating the design of definitive implant-supported crowns with esthetic integration and tissue harmony. This approach avoided analog impressions and minimized digital complexity, suggesting a potentially efficient and biologically respectful workflow for soft tissue-driven implant rehabilitation in single-tooth or short-span cases. The digitally guided three-scan protocol provides a practical clinical method to replicate peri-implant mucosal contours following immediate implant placements and augmentations. Further studies are required to validate its reproducibility and long-term outcomes.
Dental implants; Intraoral scanner; CAD/CAM; Dental prosthesis design.
Copyright (c) 2025 Emil Correa Quispilaya, Consuelo Marroquín-Soto, César-Augusto Padilla-Avalos. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
The Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor Sodium Butyrate Stimulates Adipogenesis Through a Limited Transcriptional Switch in Periodontal Ligament-Derived Stem Cells
Adipogenic differentiation plays a crucial role in adipose tissue biology, an endocrine organ that regulates energy storage and hormone secretion. Dysfunction in this process contributes to metabolic diseases such as obesity and type II diabetes. In vitro models have been developed to investigate the mechanisms of adipogenesis, with periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) emerging as a promising model due to their multipotent capacity. Previous studies have shown that epigenetic manipulation can enhance the adipogenic response in various cell lines. Acetylation of lysine 9 on histone H3 (H3K9ac) is associated with the activation of key genes, such as PPARγ-2. In this study, we evaluated whether class I histone deacetylase inhibitors, such as valproic acid (VPA) and sodium butyrate (NaBu), both short-chain fatty acids, can increase H3K9 acetylation and influence adipogenic differentiation. We used 1, 4, and 8 mM VPA concentrations and 1, 2, and 5 mM NaBu to assess their effects on cell viability, morphology, H3K9ac distribution, and adipogenic differentiation. The results indicated that cells treated with 5 mM NaBu exhibited morphological changes, reduced viability, increased H3K9ac signal intensity, and enhanced intracellular lipid deposition. These results infer that inhibition of HDACs by NaBu increases plasticity toward adipogenesis of PDLSCs through a limited transcriptional change in their key genes.
Periodontal ligament stem cells; Histone acetylation; Adipogenesis; Histone deacetylase inhibitors.
Copyright (c) 2025 Anahí Torres-Nájera, Angélica Anahí Serralta-Interían, Rodrigo Arturo Rivera-Solís, Geovanny Nic-Can, Leydi Carrillo-Cocom, Beatriz Adriana Rodas-Junco. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Photobiomodulation and Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy as Adjuvant Strategies in Medication-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaws: A Narrative Review
Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) is a severe complication associated with antiresorptive and antiangiogenic therapies, characterized by persistent bone exposure, pain, and infection. Its multifactorial pathophysiology involves alterations in bone remodeling, angiogenesis, immune response, and local infection. In this context, light-based adjunctive strategies such as photobiomodulation therapy (PBM) and antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) have emerged, showing promising outcomes in early stages of the disease. This narrative review examines the available scientific evidence on the use of PBM and aPDT in the prevention and treatment of MRONJ. A literature search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar up to April 2025. PBM acts by stimulating mitochondria and modulating inflammation, thereby enhancing wound healing and bone regeneration. aPDT combines localized antimicrobial effects with tissue biostimulation, proving effective in infected lesions resistant to antibiotics. Both therapies have demonstrated clinical benefits in early-stage MRONJ and in preventive settings, particularly when combined with minor surgical procedures and autologous biomaterials. Despite their potential, the current literature mainly consists of observational studies and case reports, which limits the strength of the evidence. Randomized controlled trials and standardized protocols are necessary to validate their routine use in clinical practice. PBM and aPDT represent safe, minimally invasive, and well-tolerated therapeutic options with relevant applications in patients at high risk of developing MRONJ or those with early-stage established disease.
Osteonecrosis; Jaw; Photodynamic therapy; Photobiomodulation; Bisphosphonates; Wound healing.
Copyright (c) 2025 Ramsés B. Palma Suarez, Manuel F. Concha Vera, Matías Dallaserra Albertini. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Dentistry and Generation Z: Aspirations of Recent Graduates
Currently, the vast majority of dental students and recent graduates belong to Generation Z (born since 1996). They have been characterized by solving problems with their creativity and the use of technological resources. It is important to be aware of their perceptions regarding their experiences, future plans and aspirations. The aim of the study was to analyze the professional aspirations of recent graduates of Dentistry, belonging to Generation Z who studied at a University in Mexico. Descriptive, observational and cross-sectional study based on a survey developed in Google Forms, consisting of questions about demographic data, professional aspirations and motivations of recent graduates of Dentistry. The database was organized in Microsoft Excel. The final data were analyzed with STATISTICS software, using the chi-square test to compare proportions of categorical variables between groups. A value of p<0.05 was considered statistically significant. The sample of 107 responses consisted of 85 females and 22 males, and the average age was 23.7 years. The most important findings were that 100% of the recent graduates planned to continue with their dental profession, the majority had plans to start a Postgraduate Program and work in private practice as owners or associates. There were statistically significant differences regarding their mobility plans, and personal growth was identified as their main motivation. The findings of the study demonstrate that the recent graduates of Dentistry belonging to Generation Z are determined to continue their professional training with great efforts to carry out a quality clinical practice for the benefit of society.
Aspirations; Dental education; Generation Z; Recent graduates.
Copyright (c) 2025 Hiram Daniel López-Santacruz, Juan Manuel Guízar-Mendoza. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Neural Network-Based Prediction of Hub Genes in the Interactome of Hereditary Gingival Fibromatosis: An AI-Driven Bioinformatics Study
Hereditary gingival fibromatosis (HGF) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by excessive gum growth, often presenting in childhood or adolescence. Symptoms include difficulties in speech, eating, oral hygiene, and psychological distress. Understanding the molecular mechanisms behind HGF is crucial for identifying potential therapeutic targets. This study aimed to predict interactomic hub genes in HGF using neural networks. We analyzed the GEO dataset GSE4250 using the geor2 tool to identify differentially expressed genes. Cytoscape and the CytoHubba plugin were employed to construct the interactome, ranking hub genes based on centrality scores. A neural network model with an 80:20 train-test split was used to predict hub and non-hub genes, achieving an AUC of 0.853, classification accuracy of 0.720, F1 score of 0.720, precision of 0.720, and recall of 0.720. The resulting network consisted of 147 nodes and 1092 edges, demonstrating moderate heterogeneity and connectivity. Ten key hub genes were identified, offering insights into the molecular basis of HGF. While the neural network model shows promising predictive capacity, further validation in larger cohorts is required. Adding predictive features and functional validation experiments could deepen understanding of HGF's biological mechanisms.
Hereditary gingival fibromatosis; Neural networks; Gene expression profiling; Protein-protein interactions; Hub genes; Protein interaction maps.
Copyright (c) 2025 Deepavalli Arumuganainar, Pradeep K. Yadalam, Carlos M. Ardila. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Use of Ice Cream Containing Probiotic an Effective Way to Control Dental Caries?
To perform a systematic review to assess the decrease in bacterial counts of Streptococcus mutans in patients who used ice cream enriched with probiotics. Is registered in the PROSPERO platform, by the code CRD42022371298. The databases were Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, Pubmed, Medline, and Science Direct, through a search algorithm based on the following PICO question: P-individuals systematically healthy and free of caries, I-enriched diet with probiotics, C-diet with ice cream without probiotics, O-S. mutans count after the diet, being only original articles. After the inclusion of metadata in the Rayyan platform, the text were read by two independent researchers, with inter-examiner kappa >0.9, with a final sample of 5 articles. There was a significant reduction of S. mutans, with p-values between <0.001 and <0.005 for all studies analyzed, maintaining the decrease for up to 7 days, conserving it for 90 days after the diet protocol, but in this case without statistical difference. The use of ice cream containing probiotics to reduce the bacterial count of S. mutans is promising, but the ideal strain and the exact number of days for maintenance of the diet are still unknown.
Bifidobacterium lactis Bb-12; Lactobacillus acidophilus; Oral biofilm; Oral health; Streptococcus mutans; Oral Hygiene.
Copyright (c) 2025 Pedro Henrique Sette-de-Souza, Rebeca de Siqueira Amorim, Renata de Oliveira Cartaxo, Sara Isabel Cruz Silvério, Luiza Rayanna Amorim de Lima, Moan Jéfter Fernandes Costa. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Selection Criteria for Radiographic Images in Dentistry: A Comprehensive Review of Updated Standards
Radiographic images play a crucial role in dentistry for diagnosis, treatment planning, and follow-up. However, due to the potential risks associated with ionizing radiation, such studies should only be conducted following a comprehensive patient history and clinical evaluation that justify their necessity. In the dentistry field, various radiographic techniques are available to acquire both intraoral and extraoral images, as well as two-dimensional and three-dimensional images. The selection of an imaging technique should be guided by its diagnostic efficacy, that is, how effectively it meets the patient's needs. Each imaging method possesses unique advantages and limitations, influenced by technical factors, and must be tailored to the specific diagnostic requirements of individual cases. This review aims to provide an evidence-based update on the criteria for choosing imaging techniques across the various areas of dental specialization.
Radiology; Diagnostic imaging; Panoramic radiography; Bitewing radiography; Cone-beam computed tomography; Radiation protection.
Copyright (c) 2025 Lucía Barba Ramírez, Ana Cecilia Ruiz-Imbert, Deivi Cascante-Sequeira. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Pediatric Oral Oncology: A Brief Updated Review
Pediatric oral oncology represents a complex and challenging field within pediatric dentistry and oncology. This brief review aims to examine current understanding, diagnostic approaches, and treatment modalities for oral and maxillofacial malignancies in the pediatric population. Special emphasis is placed on early detection, multidisciplinary treatment strategies, and management of treatment-related complications. Recent advances in targeted therapies and their impact on survival rates are also discussed.
Mouth neoplasms; Children; Epidemiology; Early diagnosis; Disease management; Posttreatment complications.
Copyright (c) 2025 Saray Aranda-Romo, Arturo Garrocho-Rangel. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Analysis of RANKL Expression Following Ethanol Administration During Orthodontic Force Application: An In Vivo Study
The prevalence of alcohol consumption is still quite high in worldwide. As more people become aware of malocclusion, it is also reasonable to expect that some orthodontic patients drink alcohol. Impacts of alcohol (ethanol) consumption on orthodontic force still unclear. Analyze the differences and effects of ethanol on RANKL expression in bone remodeling process during application of orthodontic force. This research was in vivo study, involving twenty-five Wistar rats, fitted with a closed coil spring and then divided into 5 groups; negative control group A (without force and ethanol) on day 0; group K1 (K=given orthodontic force) on day-3 and K2 on day-14, and group P1 (P=given force and 20% ethanol) on day-3 and P2 on day-14. Furthermore, animals were sacrificed, preparations were made and Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was examined to calculate RANKL expression, then data analysis using independent-t and regression test. Independent sample t-test showed, K and P group had significantly differences of RANKL expression on day 3 and 14 (p<0,05). Regression test results showed duration of ethanol administration significantly affected the level of RANKL expression (p<0,05). There were differences in RANKL expression after alcohol administration and there were effects of ethanol on RANKL expression in bone remodeling process during application of orthodontic force. It’s speculated that ethanol increases osteoclastogenesis, which accelerates orthodontic movement, but more study required.
Orthodontic force; Ethanol; Alcohol; RANKL; Tooth movement; Bone remodellng.
Copyright (c) 2025 Dwayne Daniel Fredrick Rehatta, Ardiansyah S. Pawinru, Zulfiani Syachbaniah, Baharuddin M. Ranggang, Eddy Heriyanto Habar, Eka Erwansyah. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
The Effect of Various Mouthwashes on the Surface Roughness and Discoloration of Provisional Fixed Materials
This study aims to evaluate the effects of mouthwashes on surface roughness and discoloration of provisional materials produced by different methods. Disk-shaped specimens were prepared from conventional [acrylic- and composite-based (PEMA and BCR)] and digital methods (CAD/CAM milling and 3DP). Specimens were divided into 4 subgroups (Kloroben, Meridol, Aloe vera, and artificial saliva as control). Color and surface roughness (Ra) values were measured by spectrophotometer and profilometer at baseline and after mouthwash application. Color changes (∆E00 and ∆Eab) were calculated using L, a, and b values. In artificial saliva, the 3DP group's ∆E00 values were higher than CAD/CAM milling. ∆E00 and ∆Eab of the BCR group were higher than others after Meridol immersion. In Aloe vera, ∆E00 and ∆Eab values of the BCR group were higher than CAD/CAM milling. Ra values of BCR increased after all solutions, and 3DP increased after Aloe vera immersion. CAD/CAM milling and PEMA subgroups, artificial saliva, and Kloroben subgroups of BCR material exhibited clinically acceptable values (∆E00≤2.25). CAD/CAM milling specimens (except Kloroben) and PEMA artificial saliva group (∆Eab) also showed clinically acceptable values. Ra values of CAD/CAM milled (artificial saliva and Kloroben subgroups) and all 3DP subgroups were below the threshold (0.2 µm) for plaque accumulation.
3D printing; CAD/CAM; Temporary; Color; Surface properties.
Copyright (c) 2025 Zeynep Sahin, Nazire Esra Ozer. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0