Odovtos - International Journal of Dental Sciences
Odovtos – International Journal of Dental Sciences (Odovtos-Int J Dent Sc) is the official scientific publication of the Faculty of Dentistry, University of Costa Rica. The main objective of this peer-reviewed journal is to disseminate original and transcendental knowledge in the field of dentistry and its specialties. Odovtos-Int J Dent Sc primary readership consists of dentists, dental educators, academics, dental students, researchers, health professionals and general public interested in expanding their knowledge in the area. Our journal consider unpublished and original manuscripts in ENGLISH with a prominent focus on critical and innovative data, promoting major clinical, academic and scientific research, based on International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) recommendations. Odovtos - Int J Dent Sc offers Online-First publication, allowing frequent dissemination of its content. You can access our Journal Normalized Citation Impact and Citation Impact in InCites-Clarivate: Incites - Clarivate Citation Impact 2023 JCR Impact Factor list of Clarivate Analytics: 0.6. Qualis 3 SCOPUS WHY SUBMIT YOUR PAPER TO OUR JOURNAL? Odovtos – International Journal of Dental Sciences compromises to disseminate their contents worldwide, through collaborations with several Dental Schools, online databases, index and repositories, website, social media, among others. All submitted manuscripts are peer-reviewed based solely on the criteria of quality, innovation and pertinence. The pre-publication process is brief due to online submission. Moreover, Odovtos-Int. J. Dent. Sc. is an Online-First Journal, which allows frequent publication in Internet according to Open Access Initiative, favoring the diffusion of its content. Journal indexed: ODOVTOS is indexed in Clarivate Analytics with a 2023 JCR Impact Factor list of Clarivate Analytics: 0.6. <a href="https://www.scimagojr.com/journalsearch.php?q=21101088429&tip=sid&clean=0#:~:text=%3Ca%20href%3D%22https%3A//www.scimagojr.com/journalsearch.php%3Fq%3D21101088429%26amp%3Btip%3Dsid%26amp%3Bexact%3Dno%22%20title%3D%22SCImago%20Journal%20%26amp%3B%20Country%20Rank%22%3E%3Cimg%20border%3D%220%22%20src%3D%22https%3A//www.scimagojr.com/journal_img.php%3Fid%3D21101088429%22%20alt%3D%22SCImago%20Journal%20%26amp%3B%20Country%20Rank%22%20%20/%3E%3C/a%3E"> Our journal is also indexed in: Scopus SCIELO REDALYC DOAJ LATINDEX LILACS DIALNET ESCI-CLARIVATE ANALYTICS REDIB PERIODICA ICJME MIAR ROAD BIBLAT EUROPUB EBSCO PROQUEST ULRICHS COPAC PKP INDEX JOURNAL TOCS DRJI DAIJ J-GATE INDEX COPERNICUS
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Primary Anterior Teeth Rehabilitation with 3D‑Printed Resin Crowns in a Digital Workflow: Case Report
Severe early childhood caries is among the most prevalent oral conditions in children and may significantly affect health, esthetics, and self-esteem. Finding restorative solutions that are both functional, esthetic, and well accepted by young patients can be a clinical challenge, especially in primary anterior teeth with extensive structural loss. This report presents the case of a 5-year-2-month-old boy with multiple carious lesions in the primary dentition, a high caries risk profile, and a strong esthetic concern shared by both the child and his mother. After completing the urgent and stabilization phases, the maxillary primary incisors were rehabilitated using 3D-printed crowns, prioritizing patient comfort and procedural simplicity. The digital workflow included intraoral scanning, customized anatomical design with Exocad® DentalDB 3.2, and additive manufacturing using biocompatible Crowntec® resin. The crowns were placed without complications and with excellent patient cooperation. Follow-up visits at one, three, and six months demonstrated proper adaptation, stability, and excellent gingival response. Both the child and his mother expressed satisfaction with the esthetic and functional outcome. The use of 3D-printed crowns in pediatric patients with early childhood caries represents a viable and effective restorative option that combines technical precision with esthetic, emotional, and psychosocial benefits, contributing not only to oral health but also to the child’s overall well-being.
Early childhood caries; 3D-printed crown; Esthetic rehabilitation; Digital workflow; Pediatric dentistry; Case report.
Copyright (c) 2026 Alejandra Porras Zúñiga, Francisco Porras Arancibia, María F. Rodríguez Callaci. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
An Integrative Review of the Effect of Clear Aligners Treatment on Patients with Bruxism Related to Masticatory Muscle Pain
Bruxism can lead to tooth fractures, abrasion, mobility, denture issues, temporomandibular disorders (TMD), masticatory muscle pain (MMP), fatigue, and hypertrophy. Aligners can cause clenching/bruxism, which increases masticatory muscle activity and worsens TMD symptoms. This review aimed to evaluate the impact of clear aligner therapy on MMP in patients with bruxism. A literature search was conducted in three electronic databases (PubMed, SCOPUS, and Cochrane Library) for articles published between 2019 and 2024. The selection followed PICO criteria, and studies were included if they addressed the relationship between clear aligner use and muscle activity in patients with bruxism. From an initial 4,836 records, 13 studies met the inclusion criteria. Findings indicate that while clear aligners may cause general discomfort in all patients, their use in individuals with bruxism is associated with a reduction in MMP, supported by decreased surface electromyographic activity. In conclusion, clear aligner therapy appears to reduce masticatory muscle pain and muscle activity in patients with bruxism.
Medicine; Masticatory muscle pain; Bruxism; Clear aligner; TMD.
Copyright (c) 2026 Amelia Diah Pratiwi, Syarafina Dipta Putranti, Chairul Muhtadin Dwi Burhani, Yonas Aditya Hendarto, Ananda Nan Fitrah, Diana Cahyo Fitri Utami, Angga Nugraha, Paramita Noviasari, Francisco José Vázquez-Santos, Ananto Ali Alhasyimi. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
No-Prep Semidirect Composite Resin Veneer. A Step-by-Step Case Report in a Deciduous Canine with a One-Year Follow-Up
The presence of deciduous canines in adulthood may be of aesthetic concern for patients. Many clinical alternatives include surgical and orthodontic treatment. Since patients search for highly esthetic results and more conservative alternatives, the present clinical report describes a treatment for deciduous canine through an indirect composite resin veneer and an indirect composite resin fragment restoration in a premolar to improve esthetic outcomes with a one-year follow up.
Composite resin veneer; Indirect composite veneer; Deciduous canine; Restoration.
Copyright (c) 2022 CC-BY-NC-SA 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Characterization of Allergic Manifestations in Dental Professionals
The aim was to determine the prevalence and types of the allergies present among dental professionals in Costa Rica. We performed a cross-sectional study on 664 dentists who completed a self-reported questionnaire. A descriptive cross-sectional study with inferential analysis was carried out. Dentists reported allergies prior to studying dentistry in 39% of cases, 36% reported chronic illnesses, and 61% of the dentists reported first-degree relatives with some type of allergic reaction. Different allergies had a similar prevalence among the dental professionals (ranging between 19%-26%), all allergic manifestations occurred within the first 120 minutes after exposure. The average time of exposure to dentistry-related environments was 16 years (95% CI) among all the dentists surveyed. There is a positive correlation between the presence of a chronic illness and the predisposition to develop allergic reactions among dentists. In addition, there is a directly proportional relationship between age, time of exposure to dental environments, and the risk of developing allergic conditions to dental materials. The main adverse reactions reported due to exposure to dental materials, medicines and/or food were gastrointestinal, skin, and respiratory problems.
Allergy; Atopy; Odontology; Health professionals; Dentist; Dental materials.
Faculty Teaching and Research Relationship: An Old Debate
Misdiagnosis of Oral Candidiasis in Primary Care: Erosive Oral Lichen Planus in a Young Patient
Oral candidiasis is one of the most common fungal infections, and its diagnosis is typically clinical; however, misinterpretation may lead to confusion with other conditions that share similar features, such as oral lichen planus (OLP), a chronic immune-mediated inflammatory disease. The aim of this study is to describe a case of erosive OLP initially treated as candidiasis, emphasizing the importance of differential diagnosis in persistent ulcerative lesions. A 19-year-old male presented with multiple painful diffuse erosions and ulcerations that interfered with speech and eating, with a pain intensity of 10/10 on the visual analog scale. He was initially diagnosed with oral candidiasis in primary care and treated with nystatin without improvement. Clinical examination revealed bilateral involvement of the buccal and labial mucosa with erosive and ulcerative lesions, along with reticular whitish plaques consistent with Wickham’s striae and a negative Nikolsky sign. A clinical diagnosis of erosive OLP was established and later confirmed by histopathological analysis. Treatment with systemic corticosteroids, with gradual tapering and nighttime nystatin as antifungal prophylaxis, was initiated, resulting in complete clinical resolution within one month and stable evolution over two years, with mild episodes associated with trauma or stress. Accurate differential diagnosis of oral lesions is essential for timely management. Erythematous or ulcerative oral lesions that do not respond to antifungal therapy should be reassessed, and OLP should be considered in the differential diagnosis. Biopsy and clinicopathological correlation are key to avoiding misdiagnosis and unnecessary treatments.
Oral lichen planus; Oral candidiasis; Differential diagnosis; Oral mucosa; Oral lesions; Oral ulcers.
Copyright (c) 2026 Lady L. Alfaro Campos, Carmen Dittel-Jiménez, Yadira V. Boza Oreamuno. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Transcervical Approach in Eagle Syndrome. Clinical Case Report
Eagle syndrome is a rare disease responsible for multiple head and neck symptoms, resulting from an elongation of the styloid process or ossification of the stylohyoid ligament compressing adjacent neurovascular structures. There are two variants, the classic one characterized mainly by pain and dysphagia and the carotid variant distinguished with pain and sometimes cerebral ischemia. We describe a clinical case report of a 45-year-old female patient, who experienced left cervical pain, performing the complete myofascial pain protocol of the Regional Hospital "General Ignacio Zaragoza" ISSSTE in Mexico City, resulting in a 50 mm elongation of the styloid process in the CT scan, confirming the diagnosis, and focusing the article on the anatomical-surgical description.
Pre-styloid compartment; Post-styloid compartment; Myofascial pain; Ossification; Ligament; Styloid process (source: MeSH NLM).
Oral Manifestations of Histiocytosis of Langerhans Cells: a Pediatric Case Involving Mandible Bone
Langerhans cells histiocytosis is a rare disease characterized by monoclonal proliferation and migration of special dendritic cells in a variety of organs, most commonly appears eosinophilic granuloma localized, often solitary, and bone lesions that occurs predominantly in pediatric patients. Although is most prevalent in children under the age of 15, this disorder presents in all ages and occurs at a rate of 2 to 5 cases per million per year. LCH is a complex entity; the clinic manifestations can mimic other common conditions and therefore a comprehensive evaluation is indicated. Since oral manifestations are frequent, the early diagnose of this pathology could be detected by dental professionals. The aim of this case report is to describe a case of LCH who initially was misdiagnosed and treated for a dental infection. This disease requires accurate histopathological diagnosis and timely treatment; hence it is necessary to raise awareness among dentists to avoid misdiagnose of oral manifestations of LCH.
Langerhans cells; Histiocytosis; Osteolytic; Biopsy; Oral pathology; Bone.
Update on Hand-Held X-Ray Devices in Dentistry: a Literature Review
In the last two decades, the use of portable intraoral X-ray devices, stabilized by the operator, has increased. While all radiographic devices present an inherent risk from ionizing radiation, improper use of portable devices can increase operator exposure. Use of portable devices on a tripod or powered from a protected area is recommended. However, in highly justified cases, for using without these accessories, recommendations should be followed to reduce operator exposure. Because radioprotection is essential when using X-rays, fixed dental radiographic devices should be favored over portable equipment since the first provides a lower radiation dose to the operator.
Radiation protection; X-rays; Handheld; Portable; Dental radiography; Diagnostic imaging.
Relationship Between the Supervisory Approach and the Satisfaction of the University Theses in Dentistry
The objective of this study was to relate the degree of satisfaction that graduates had with the supervisory approach during the development of the undergraduate thesis. A cross-sectional study, including 102 graduate students from the Faculty of Dentistry of the Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. Lima. Peru. The survey technique was used to collect information on the satisfaction of the thesis supervision (valued on a score from 1 to 6, where higher scores showed greater satisfaction) and the supervisor's approach. Results showed that 59% of supervisors had a collaborative approach, 29.6% a non-directive approach. Collaborative supervisors obtained a higher satisfaction score (5.2±0.7) while the directive approach obtained the lowest score (3.3±0.5) (p<0.05). Women presented a higher satisfaction score (5.4±0.2 vs 4.8±0.4) (p<0.05). There is a relationship between the collaborative supervision style and greater student satisfaction during the thesis process. Students indicated being less satisfied with the managerial supervision style of the thesis.
Dental students; University; Academic dissertations; Supervision; Satisfaction; Theses.
In Vitro Effect of Denture Cleansers on the Color Stability of Polyetheretherketone and Other Denture Base Polymers
The aim of this in vitro study was to compare the long-term effect of overnight use of denture cleansers with different chemical compositions on the color stability of denture base polymers (DBPs). The four DBPs evaluated were PEEK (PK group), thermoinjection-molded polyamide (PA group), auto-polymerized polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) (AP group), and heat-polymerized resin PMMA (HP group). The cleaning agents used were Corega tablet (CT), Protefix tablet (PT), and 0.5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) solution (SH). Distilled water (DW) served as a control. Forty-eight disc-shaped specimens (10mm × 2mm) were prepared from each DBP and randomly immersed in the different storage media (n=12 in each group). Color measurements of the specimens before and after immersion in the denture cleansers were made using a spectrophotometer (VITA Easyshade V). The color changes were measured and recorded in L* a* b*. After 120 d, the CIEDE2000 formula was used to calculate color changes (∆E00). For analysis of the data, a multivariate analysis of variance was used (p<0.05). The results of the statistical analysis revealed significant color change differences in the DBPs immersed in the various denture cleansers (p<0.05). Groups PA and PK showed the highest values for all solutions. AP-SH showed the highest ∆E00 value in group AP, no significant difference was found between other solutions. In group HP, there was no statistically significant difference between the average ∆E00 values of all solutions. Long-term daily use of the denture cleansers affected the color stability of all the DBPs, although the level of color change was acceptable. Laboratory and clinical studies on the color stability of PEEK are needed to confirm the results of this study.
Color stability; Denture base material; PEEK; PMMA; Polymer.
Dental Caries in 12-Year-Old Schoolchildren who Participate in a Preventive and Restorative Dentistry Program
Since 2013, the Faculty of Dentistry of the University of Costa Rica has provided a preventive and restorative oral health program at Carmen Lyra Public School. The first generation of students that received dental care from this project were examined in 2019 for caries status. A total of 62 twelve-year-old schoolchildren were examined (31 boys and 31 girls). First, all teeth surfaces were cleaned with a brush and then rinsed. Subsequently, examination was performed in each person by a calibrated examiner using the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS). Prevalence of dental caries was 59.7%. ICDAS code 2 was the most prevalent (68.8%), followed by 1 (19.3%), 5 (4.5%), 3 (3.5%), 6 (2.5%), and 4 (1.4%). Regarding number of carious surfaces, the highest prevalence was observed in the occlusal surfaces (77.3%), followed by the vestibular (13.9%), mesial (4.2%), palatal/lingual (4,1%) and distal (0.5%). Of these carious surfaces, 7% were caries associated with restorations and were present only on the occlusal surfaces. Boys had more cavities than girls (54.1% compared to 45.9%), however, this difference was not significant. Regarding the condition of restorations in teeth, 92 dental restorations (resin or amalgam) were found in the population studied and were well adjusted. Most of these restorations were found on the occlusal surfaces (82.6%), followed by vestibular surfaces (8.7%,) palatal/lingual (5.4%) surfaces, mesial surfaces (3.3%), and no restorations were detected on the distal surfaces. Sealants were identified in 11.3% schoolchildren; 98% were identified on the occlusal surfaces and the other 2% were found on the palatal/lingual surfaces. DMFT Index was 1.6±0.71. The prevalence of dental caries in this sample was low compared to other studies in twelve-year-old schoolchildren in Costa Rica. This may suggest that the oral health program had a positive impact in the studied population.
Oral health program; Caries 12-year-olds; Caries schoolchildren; Caries prevention.
Copyright (c) 2021 CC-BY-NC-SA 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Faculty Perceptions on Objective Structured Clinical Exam in Dental Education
Structured Clinical Exam (OSCE) uses standardized content and procedures to assess students across multiple domains of learning. The study is aimed to assess knowledge, attitudes, practices and observations of dental faculty on OSCE. The survey was distributed into dental faculty members in randomly selected government and private institutions in Saudi Arabia. The questionnaire was pre-tested and consisted of 4 categories including general characteristics of respondents, knowledge on utility of OSCE in curriculum and it’s reliability, attitudes regarding OSCE on a 5 point Likert scale, practices and observations on OSCE on Multiple choice questions (both single answer and multiple answer) and responses on a 5 point Likert scale. The sample size was determined to be 93 and the survey was sent electronically to 10 institutes. 101 complete responses from 7 institutions were considered from the 122 received. Faculty participation in OSCE was high within evaluators 94% (n=94) and administrators 61% (n=61). Majority of respondents (62%) believed that OSCE is most suited for competency based education, to assess cognitive skills (73%) and diagnostic interpretation (79%). Reliability of OSCE can be increased by standardization of evaluators (77%) with highest number believing that 6-8 stations (42%) are the minimum required in an OSCE. Institution guidelines (49%) coupled with workshops (47%) was the preferred method of preparation for OSCE. Majority felt that OSCE is most suitable for high stakes exams (mean=3.37) and it is an indispensable part of dental assessment (mean=3.78). Minimum number of stations for adequate reliability was reported to be lesser that in reported literature, specially so for high stakes assessments. Logistics required for arranging an OSCE and difficulty in standardized patients, may suggest that OSCE should be used in select situations.
OSCE; Faculty; Knowledge; Practices; Reliability.
How a 16% Carbamide Peroxide Home Bleaching Agent Affects the Surface Properties of Chairside CAD/CAM Materials?
Surface changes of restorative materials after bleaching have clinical importance in terms of the durability and survival of restorations. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of home bleaching on the surface roughness, microhardness, and surface analysis of four different types of chairside computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) materials. Specimens were prepared from composite resin (Brilliant Crios: BC), resin nanoceramic (Lava Ultimate: LU), polymer-infiltrated ceramic-network (Vita Enamic: VE), and zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate glass-ceramic (Vita Suprinity: VS) CAD/CAM materials. Specimens were polished using 800, 1000, 1200, and 2000 grit SiC papers. Each restorative material was randomly divided into two groups; control and bleaching (n=10). The 16% carbamide peroxide bleaching agent (Whiteness Perfect 16%, FGM) was applied to the specimens for 4 h/day for 14 days. Surface roughness values (Ra) were obtained using a profilometer, and microhardness values (VHN) were obtained using a Vickers microhardness test. Surface analysis of specimens was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). Data were analyzed Two-way ANOVA and Fisher’s Least Significant Difference (LSD) test (p<0.05). After bleaching, the surface roughness of BC (p<0.001) and VE (p<0.032) significantly increased. Bleaching did not significantly affect the microhardness of CAD/CAM materials. SEM evaluation showed material-dependent surface damages after bleaching procedures. The effect of 16% carbamide peroxide home bleaching agent on surface roughness and microhardness of chairside CAD/CAM materials is material-dependent. Before bleaching, restorative materials should be protected by applying a protective barrier and contact with the bleaching agent should be minimized. Also, after bleaching, the restoration surface should be carefully inspected, and re-polishing might be beneficial.
CAD/CAM; Bleaching; Surface roughness; Microhardness.
Antibacterial and Antifungal Capacity of Three Commercially Available Mouthwashes with Different Concentrations of Chlorhexidine
Chlorhexidine was introduced almost seven decades ago and has a myriad of applications in dentistry. Few studies have evaluated the antimicrobial and antifungal capacity of different concentrations of chlorhexidine mouthwashes. Therefore, the aim of this study, was to evaluate in vitro, the antibacterial and antifungal capacity of three commercially available mouthwashes in Costa Rica, with different concentrations of chlorhexidine, 0.12%, 0.06%, and 0.03%. The experimental method selected was the Kirby-Bauer method to evaluate the antibacterial and antifungal effect of each compound by measuring the inhibitory effect on Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans strains, exposed to the antiseptic solutions. All samples showed some degree of antibacterial and antifungal effect. Even though we provide in vitro results, our findings are of relevance since all the species used in our experiment are microorganisms that may be present in dental plaque. Our results further support evidence that oral hygiene regimens may include mouthwashes with low doses of chlorhexidine and maintain reasonable antibacterial and antifungal efficacy.
Chlorhexidine; Mouthwashes; Antibacterial effect; Low-dose concentration mouthwash.
Determination of Age and Sex Using Bimastoid Diameter: a Cone Beam Computed Tomography Study
This study aimed to investigate the possibility of age and sex determination using bimastoid diameter with cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). This retrospective study investigated 100 female and 100 male patients aged 18-83 years (mean age: 45.55±16.28 years). To measure bimastoid diameter, the appropriate image was chosen from sagittal, coronal, and axial images of CBCT in which the measurement points could be best detected. The distance between the points of the mastoid process was measured using three-dimensional coronal reconstruction. The mean bimastoid breadth was 106.12±6.22mm. The bimastoid diameter in male cases was higher than that in female cases (110.69±4.53mm vs. 101.65±4.00mm). There was no significant difference in bimastoid breadth with advancing age. For sex determination, morphometric measurements of bimastoid diameter ensured a high rate of dimorphism in the Turkish subpopulation. CBCT morphometric analysis may be reliable and convenient for evaluating sex and may be recommended to compare population data.
Bimastoid diameter; Mastoid; Cone-beam computed tomography; Forensic science.
Why is Research Important in University Teaching?
Probable Bruxism and Oral Health-Related Quality of Life
Bruxism is the habit of squeezing and grinding the dental organs (ODs), with dental contacts that have no purpose. The Oral Health-Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL) is defined as a multidimensional aspect that reflects the comfort of the individual in relation to their physiological and psychological functions, of the state of oral health. To determine the relationship between probable bruxism and OHRQoL in patients who came for care at the University Unit of Social Insertion (UUIS) of the Autonomous University of Yucatán (UADY), México from September 2019 to January 2020. Observational, analytical of case controls and cross-sectional. Two instruments were applied to 70 patients: the OHIP-EE-14 (validated by Castrejón-Pérez R.C., Borges-Yañez S.A.) and a questionnaire prepared by Mendiburu-Zavala C., based on Ordoñez Plaza et al., González-Emsoto et al., and De La Hoz-Aizpurua et al for the diagnosis of probable bruxism. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used. 47.1% (n=33) did present probable bruxism (CPB) and 52.9% (n=37) did not (SPB). The most frequent age group was 18-35 years old, with 67.2% (n=47), 34.3% (n=24) CPB. The most frequent circadian manifestation was waking with 49% (n=16). Those of CPB, a mean of 20.45±7.95 was obtained in the OHIP-EE-14 for the OHRQoL and SPB score, the mean was 7.81±4.84. There are statistically significant differences between CPB and SPB patients (p<.001). The probable bruxism does affect the OHRQoL level.
Bruxismo; Calidad de vida relacionada con la salud oral; CVRSO.
Celia Elena del Perpetuo Socorro Mendiburu-Zavala
Association Between Subjects with Newly Diagnosed Rheumatoid Arthritis and Dental Caries
Alterations in saliva, temporomandibular joint disorders, dysphagia, Sjogren's syndrome, dental caries, periodontal disease, and tooth loss have been identified in patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis. The aims of this research were 1) to study the association between newly diagnosed rheumatoid arthritis and dental caries and 2) to identify most frequent teeth with caries in study groups. A descriptive pilot study was performed. A total of 620 participants were evaluated, 29 met the selection criteria. The subjects were divided into 2 groups: 13 subjects with newly diagnosed rheumatoid arthritis and 16 subjects without rheumatoid arthritis. Salivary parameters, DMFT index, care index, FS-T index and Treatment Needs Index were evaluated in all participants. The Fisher’s Exact test and Mann-Whitney U test we used to establish the differences between groups. Low mean in all salivary parameters and a high caries frequency were observed in subjects with newly diagnosed rheumatoid arthritis compared to a control group (p<0.01). The right maxillary second premolar (n=6, 46%, p=0.0100); right mandibular second premolar (n=7,54%, p=0.0462) and left mandibular second molar (n=10,77%, p=0.0001) were the most frequent teeth with caries. Early diagnosis and early treatment of rheumatoid arthritis can improve the prognosis in most of patients. The development of new public health policies and care based on the prevention are necessary to improve the quality of patient's lives.
Association; Rheumatoid arthritis; Early diagnosis; Prevention; Dental caries.
Effects of Acidic Beverages on Color Stability of Bulk-Fill Composites with Different Viscosities
The aim of this in vitro study is to investigate the effects of acidic beverages on the discoloration of bulk-fill composites with different viscosities. 144 disc-shaped specimens (8mm diameter × 2mm thick) were prepared from four different composite resins including a nanohybrid (Filtek Ultimate), two packable bulk-fill (Filtek Bulk Fill, Tetric N Ceram Bulk Fill), and a flowable bulk-fill composite (Tetric N Flow Bulk Fill). The specimens of each group were divided into 3 subgroups and submerged in distilled water, orange juice and coke (n=12). Color difference (∆E) were measured using CIELab color space and a compact spectrophotometer (VITA Easyshade) at baseline and after 30 days of immersion. Data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA and Tukey's HSD post-hoc tests (P<0.05). Two-way ANOVA revealed that both material type and staining solution significantly influenced ∆E values (P<0.001). Immersion in orange juice resulted in greater and significant discoloration over time in comparison to distilled water and coke (P<0.05). Tetric N Ceram (∆E=7.0) and Tetric N Flow (∆E=7.7) bulk-fill restoratives showed highest color change values after 30 days of immersion in orange juice. This study suggests that a discoloration above the clinically acceptable threshold (∆E>2.7) was observed for all bulk-fill composites tested. It can be speculated that orange juice has a more negative effect on the color stability compared to coke. Additionally, flowable bulk-fill composite was more prone to discoloration than condensable bulk-fill composites.
Composite resins; Color; Dental filling; Dental materials; Dentistry; Food coloring agents.
Impact of Different Evaluation Methods for Diagnostic Tasks in Panoramic Radiography
The aim of this study was to evaluate the observers’ diagnostic performance in panoramic radiography using monitor, tablet, X-ray image view box, and against window daylight as a visualization method in different diagnostic tasks. Thirty panoramic radiography were assessed by three calibrated observers for each visualization method, in standardized light conditions, concerning dental caries, widened periodontal ligament space, and periapical bone defects from the four first molars; mucosal thickening and retention cysts in maxillary sinus; and stylo-hyoid ligament calcification and atheroma. A five-point confidence scale was used. The standard-reference was performed by two experienced observers. Diagnostic values using window light were significantly lower for caries and periapical bone defect and retention cyst, stylo-hyoid ligament calcification detection (p<0.05). For atheroma detection, X-ray image view box, tablet, and widow light had lower accuracy than the evaluation on the monitor (p<0.05). Observer’s diagnostic performances are worsened using window light as an evaluation method for panoramic radiography for dental, sinus, and calcification disorders, while the monitor was the most reliable method.
Computer-assisted image processing; Diagnostic imaging; Oral diagnosis; Panoramic radiography; Task performance and analysis; Ttwo-dimensional image.
Changes in Somatosensory Perception Induced by Trigeminal Injury After Maxillofacial Surgical Procedures
Evidence has been reported that shows that somatosensory perception can be altered by a trigeminal injury resulting from maxillofacial surgical procedures. However, the surgical procedures that most frequently cause trigeminal lesions and the risk factors are unknown. In the same way, there is little information on what has been determined in preclinical models of trigeminal injury. This article integrates relevant information on trigeminal injury from both clinical findings and primary basic science studies. This review shows that the age and complexity of surgical procedures are essential to induce orofacial sensory alterations.
Neuropathic pain; Trigeminal injury; Orofacial surgery; Somatosensory perception; Sensory alterations; Trigeminal nerve.
Artificial Intelligence in CBCT-Based Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diagnosis: A Scoping Review
This scoping review aimed to map the extent, nature, and characteristics of the available evidence on artificial intelligence (AI) applied to cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT)-based periodontal and peri-implant diagnosis. A scoping review was conducted in accordance with Joanna Briggs Institute methodological guidance and reported following PRISMA-ScR. A systematic search of PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, and LILACS/BVS was performed up to April 3, 2026, without language restrictions. Records were exported in RIS format, managed in Zotero for duplicate removal, and screened in Rayyan using predefined eligibility criteria. Original studies applying AI-based methods to CBCT images for periodontal and/or peri-implant diagnostic purposes were included. Data were charted descriptively to summarize study characteristics, diagnostic targets, AI models, performance metrics, and methodological limitations. Of the 358 records identified, 174 were screened after removal of duplicate records and conference papers. Twelve reports underwent full-text assessment, and 7 studies were included in the final qualitative synthesis. Most studies were published between 2024 and 2026 and focused predominantly on periodontal applications, whereas only one addressed peri-implant marginal bone loss. The most consistent findings were observed in narrowly defined tasks, particularly furcation involvement detection, periodontal bone topography segmentation, periodontal defect mapping, and peri-implant marginal bone loss grading. Broader diagnostic platforms showed more variable performance. AI applied to CBCT-based periodontal and peri-implant diagnosis represents an emerging field with still limited methodological development. This review maps the CBCT-specific evidence base and identifies priorities for advancing toward more interpretable, externally validated, and clinically useful AI systems.
Artificial intelligence; Cone-beam computed tomography; Periodontitis; Peri-implantitis; Deep learning; Periodontal bone loss.
Copyright (c) 2026 Fernando Mauricio Espada-Salgado, Stefan Vasile Stefanescu, Bogdan Oprea, Reem Al-Yamoor, María Mihaela Iuga. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Efficacy of Scaling and Root Planning (SRP) on C-reactive Protein and Glycemic Control in Rural Adults of Dakshina Kannada
Gradual and persistent destruction of the tooth and surrounding supporting structures is the key to the chronic inflammatory condition Periodontitis, aided from an imbalance in the oral biofilm environment. To evaluate the effect of non-surgical periodontal therapy on blood glucose levels and C-reactive protein in periodontitis patients, and to understand the co-relationship between periodontal well-being and glycemic parameters in subjects with periodontitis versus healthy periodontium. Forty-one patients (aged 25-50 years) were recruited from the outpatient department of periodontics at AB Shetty Memorial Institute of Dental Sciences. Subjects were divided into periodontitis (n=21) and healthy periodontium (n=20) groups. Periodontal clinical variables such as pocket probing depth (PPD) and clinical attachment loss (CAL ) were assessed using William's graduated periodontal probe and mouth mirror. Baseline and post treatment samples were assessed for blood glucose (HbA1c and FBS), and serum C-Reactive protein levels were analysed. A significant reduction in HbA1c levels from 6.07% to 5.95% following periodontal treatment (p<0.001). Fasting Blood glucose levels showed significant reduction from 90.10 mg/dL to 84.19 mg/dL post-treatment (mean difference: 5.90 mg/dL, p<0.001). This study demonstrates that systemic inflammation may be a potential mechanistic link between periodontitis and increased glycaemic parameters. Maintaining periodontal health could therefore play a beneficial role in the management of glycaemic parameters. Non-surgical periodontal treatment is effective in improving the systemic inflammatory markers as well as glycaemic and periodontal clinical parameters in periodontitis patients.
Scaling and root planing; Periodontal health; Periodontitis grade III; C-reactive protein; CRP; Glycated haemoglobin; Blood glucose level.
Copyright (c) 2026 Srilakshmi M., Mamatha Shekar Shetty, Asha Santhosh. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Impact of Oral Health on Quality of Life in Relation to Dental Caries and Social Determinants in Venezuelan Migrants Lima-2019
To evaluate the results of the impact of oral health on quality of life through the OHIP-14 in relation to dental caries and social determinants in Venezuelan migrants. A cross-sectional study was carried out in a population of 350 Venezuelan migrants (30.1±7.4 years; 52% Men). Where to evaluate the impact of oral health on quality of life, the “Oral Health Impact Profile Spanish version Lima” questionnaire (OHIP-14sp Lima) was used, contrasting with both clinical (DMFT index) and sociodemographic factors, in order to determine the influence of these on the instrument. The impact of oral health on quality of life (OHIP-14) was determined, according to the average general score and by dimensions. Subsequently, a clinical examination was carried out evaluating the presence of dental caries lesions (DMFT Index) and sociodemographic data were collected through a survey. The average of the OHIP-14sp Lima generated a negative impact of 10.6% on the migrant population. The dimension of "Psychological Discomfort" was the one that showed a higher frequency of negative impact with a percentage of 38.3%. The results of the OHIP-14 sp Lima in the total of evaluated migrants were low in percentage terms, generating mostly an average of a positive impact. However, it cannot be ruled out that sociodemographic factors such as sex and levels of education; they were factors that did generate a negative impact, significantly affecting the results observed in one or more of the dimensions evaluated using the OHIP-14 instrument in the present study.
The Effect of Rotation Speed of XP-endo Shaper on Apically Extruded Debris During Endodontic Procedures: an In Vitro Study
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of using a higher rotation speed with the XP-endo Shaper (XPS) on apically extruded debris and operation time during endodontic treatment and retreatment procedures. Sixty mesial roots of mandibular first molar teeth were randomly assigned to four groups (Initial treatment groups: XPS used at 1000 or 3000rpm rotation speeds and Retreatment groups: XPS used at 1000 or 3000rpm rotation speeds). During the initial treatment and retreatment procedures preweighed eppendorf tubes were used to collect apically extruded debris, and the operation time was recorded in seconds. The extruded debris was quantified by subtracting the preinstrumentation from the postinstrumentation weight of the Eppendorf tubes. Data were analysed using two-way ANOVA at a significance level of 0.05. In all groups, the use of the XPS at 1000 or 3000rpm rotation speeds had no statistically significant effect on the amount of apically extruded debris (p>0.05). The use of the XPS at a 3000rpm rotation speed significantly decreased the instrumentation time (p<0.05). In summary, the use of the XPS at high rotation speeds in initial treatment and retreatment procedures did not have a significant effect on the amount of apically extruded debris but significantly decreased the operation time.
Debris extrusion; Endodontic treatment; Retreatment; XP-endo Shaper
Pemphigus Vulgaris and its Comprehensive Management: Report of Two Cases and Literature Review
In the oral cavity, gingiva lesions may occur that are not associated with bacterial plaque, which require adequate diagnosis and treatment. Desquamative gingivitis is usually related to mucocutaneous disorders, such as pemphigus vulgaris (PV), where oral lesions, including gingival lesions, may precede skin lesions. Management is multidisciplinary and treatment includes topical and systemic pharmacological therapy, require adequate control of dental plaque by the patient and strict supervision over time by the professional for the maintenance and stability of the gingival tissues. Two clinical cases of patients with a diagnosis of PV are presented, which were managed in a timely and integral way to control and stabilize the systemic and local factor.
Pemphigus; Desquamative gingivitis; Corticosteroids; Biopsy; Oral Hygiene.
The Effect of Curing Modes and Times of Third-Generation Led LCU on the Mechanical Properties of Nanocomposites
This study evaluates the effect of curing modes and times on the mechanical properties of nanocomposites. Two nanocomposite resins were investigated: supra-nanohybrid (Estelite Posterior Quick; EP) and nanohybrid (Solare X; SX). They were polymerized with a light-emitting diode light-curing units (LED LCU, Valo) as follows: standard mode for 20s (ST20), high power mode for 12s (HP12), high power mode for 20s (HP20), extra power mode for 6s (XP6), and extra power mode for 20s (XP20). For Vickers microhardness (HV), disc-shaped specimens were fabricated (n=10). For the three-point bending test, bar-shaped specimens were fabricated (n=10). Flexural strength and resilience modulus were calculated. The fractured surfaces and specimen surfaces of composites were observed using scanning electron microscopy. The data were analyzed with repeated measures ANOVA, two-way variance, and Bonferroni tests (p<0.05). On the top and bottom surfaces of the EP nanocomposite resin, ST20 and HP12 revealed statistically higher HV than with XP6. Moreover, HP20 and XP20 had statistically higher HV than HP12 and XP6. For the SX nanocomposite resin, HP20 had statistically higher HV than HP12. For EP and SX, there were no significant differences in flexural strength and resilience modulus regarding the curing modes and times. Furthermore, SX demonstrated lower mechanical properties than EP. Scanning electron microscopy indicated that both nanocomposites had similar surface appearances. However, with all curing modes and times, SX exhibited layered fractures and more crack formations than EP. Different curing modes and times could influence the microhardness of nanocomposites.
LED; Nanocomposite; Microhardness; Flexural performance; Curing modes; Curing times.
Influence of Etching Mode and Composite Type on Bond Strength to Biodentine Using a “No-Wait” Universal Adhesive
The purpose of this study was to compare the shear bond strength (SBS) of four resin-based composite materials to a silicate-based cement using a “no-wait” universal bond with self-etch (SE) and etch-and-rinse (ER) modes. Acrylic blocks (n=80, 2mm depth, 5mm diameter central hole) were prepared. The holes were filled with BiodentineTM (BD) and divided into 4 main groups (n=20) according to the composite resin type used: Group FZ250: FiltekTM Z250 Universal Restorative (microhybrid), Group SDR: SDR Plus U Bulk Fill Flowable (low-viscosity bulk-fill), Group FBP: FiltekTM Bulk Fill Posterior (high-viscosity bulk-fill), Group EF: EsFlow™ Universal Flowable Composite (nanohybrid). A ‘no-wait’ universal bond (Clearfil Universal Bond Quick) was used for bonding application. Then each group was divided into 2 subgroups according to the etching mode applied (ER and SE). SBSs were measured and stereomicroscope was used to identify the failure modes. Selected samples of fracture surfaces were imaged by SEM. Tukey’s post-hoc and One-way ANOVA tests were used to analyze data. There were statistically significant differences among the composite groups (p<0.05). When SDR showed the highest bond strength values in SE (17.13 ± 2.98 MPa) mode, FBP showed the lowest bond strength values in ER (8.89 ± 2.46 MPa) mode. The mean SBS was not different between the SE and ER modes (p> 0.05). The SBS of BD to the resin composites depends on the composite type but application of the ‘no-wait’ universal bond in different etching modes is regardless of the SBS of BD to resin composites.
Biodentine; Self-etch adhesive; Shear bond strength.
Effectiveness of the Therapeutic Laser in the Syndrome of Dysfunction of the Temporomandibular Joint of Arthrogenic Origin
Temporomandibular joint dysfunction syndrome (TMD), is a collective term characterized by symptoms involving chewing muscles, temporomandibular joint and orofacial structures. The efficacy of low intensity laser (LLLT) Gallium arsenide, in combination with a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) was evaluated. The main objective was to evaluate the maximum mouth opening without pain (ABM), arthralgia in the joint capsule through visual analog scale (VAS), laterality, protrusion, joint noises and count of tablets ingested per group. A controlled clinical trial (double-blind-randomized) was carried out in 30 subjects, who presented DTM of arthrogenic etiology; 5 applications of LLLT were made with wavelength of 810 nm, output optical power of 100-200 mw, emission PW=Pulsed (1-10,000Hz), dose of 10 jouls-cm², time of 1.44 minutes in mouth closed and with the mouth half open. One more follow-up appointment per month. There were two groups: experimental and control group, where different variables were analyzed (ABM, laterality, protrusion, VAS and sociodemographic). In the control group, a supposed LT application (not active) was made, for later comparison. Pain-free ABM was assessed in all appointments in addition to the other clinical parameters. Repeated measures analysis was performed with mixed models. Thirty patients were included of which 28 finished the treatment, two of them were lost during follow-up. The groups were similar in all their baseline variables. There were no statistically significant differences when applying the final multiple regression analysis, in the ABM, or in any other of the clinical parameters analyzed. LT was not effective in treating arthrogenic DTM.
Temporomandibular Joint Dysfunction Syndrome; Low-Level Laser Therapy; NSAIDs; Craniomandibular Disorders; TMJ Disorders; Gallium Arsenide Laser.