New leafhopper species of Jikradia from Mesoamerica with new records , revised key to species , distribution , origin , and checklist ( Hemiptera : Cicadellidae : Coelidiinae : Teruliini )

The following four new species of leafhoppers are described and illustrated: Jikradia dentata n. sp. and J. trispinata n. sp. from Guatemala, J. variabilis n. sp. from Belize, and J. exilis n. sp. from Costa Rica. Jikradia basipendula Nielson and J. krameri Nielson are new records for Guatemala. Belize is a new record for the genus. A record of the first introduction of the genus in the Old World is reviewed. A revised key to the known species is provided with a review of its possible origin. A checklist of all known species is also given. Rev. Biol. Trop. 62 (4): 1375-1383. Epub 2014 December 01.

The genus Jikradia was described by Nielson (1979) in a revision of the tribe Teruliini, followed by the description of one new species by Nielson (1989) and a subsequent review with descriptions of four new species by Godoy and Nielson (1998).Twenty-two species are presently known, including four new species described herein.A new introduction of Jikradia olitoria (Say) in the Old World (italy) was first discovered and identified by Dr. Francesco Poggi and confirmed by Dr. Herbert Nickel, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany (personal communications, 12 August 2013-22 October 2013).Specimens from italy were donated by Dr. Poggi to the senior author who subsequently confirmed the identifications.
Jikradia is one of only two genera in the tribe Teruliini, subfamily Coelidiinae that occupies both the New and Old World.The other genus is Biadorus recorded from Brazil and ivory Coast in West Africa.Jikradia is broadly distributed in the Neotropical and Nearctic regions from the Galapagos islands Northward into Canada.Guatemala has the richest fauna in Mesoamerica and may represent the center of its origin.A discussion of the taxonomic limitations of the genus is covered in Nielson (1979) and in Godoy and Nielson (1998).
in this paper we describe four new species, two from Guatemala, one from Costa Rica and one from Belize, which is also a new distribution record for the genus.Four taxa formerly designated as subspecies in Nielson (1979) are elevated to species rank.Jikradia infula Nielson, not included in the Godoy and Nielson (1998) paper is added herein.A revised key to species is provided.A checklist of all known species and their distribution is given.The possible origin of the group is also reviewed.
External morphology: moderately large, slightly robust species.General color deep brown to black with light brown head and translucent costa on forewing.Face light brown, eyes dark brown.
Female: Seventh sternite about twice as long as penultimate sternite, its posterior margin sinuate.
Etymology: The name of the species is descriptive of the dentate, inner lateral margin of the stylar apophysis.The name is based on the Latin root "denta" meaning toothed with consonant "t" and feminine suffix "a." Remarks: This species is nearest to J. serrata Nielson but can be distinguished easily from it and all other known species by the distinctive dentate style (Fig. 3).
Length: Male 6.59mm; female unknown.External morphology: Moderately large, slightly robust species.General color black, head including face tannish, forewing with costa translucent.
Etymology: The name of the species is descriptive of the 3 microsetae on the shaft of the aedeagus.The name is based on a combination of the Latin prefix "tri" meaning three and the root "spina" meaning spine with consonant "t" and feminine suffix "a." Remarks: This species, with three microsetae on the aedeagal shaft is nearest to J. bispinosa Nielson, which has two microsetae on the aedeagal shaft.
External morphology: Moderately large, robust species.General color black in males, dark brown in females; head tannish in males, light brown in females; face light yellow in males, light brown in females; forewing with small irregular, light brown spot near middle of costa, color pattern variable in female.
Female: Seventh sternite large, about twice as long as penultimate sternite, caudal margin sinuate.

Etymology:
The name of the species denotes variation in the number of setae on the aedeagal shaft, which varies from zero to one.The name is based in the Latin root "varius" meaning change and "bilis" for combined adjective and feminine ending.Nielson and Poggi,n. sp. Fig. 16,Fig. 17,Fig. 18,Fig. 19 and Fig. 20 Length: Male 4.34 mm, female unknown.External morphology: Small, slender species.General color black with markings on forewings; head black, crown black bordered with yellow on lateral margins; eyes black; forewings black, costa with narrow, yellow stripe on outer margin, joined to yellow spot subapically, appendix with yellow border, small yellow spot at apex of clavus; face yellow with  two longitudinal black stripes from apex of clypeus to apex of clypellus.
Etymology: The name of this species is descriptive of the very narrow aedeagal shaft.The name is based in the Latin root "exili" meaning thin and the suffix "s" for feminine gender.
Remarks: From J. galapagoensis to which it is nearest, J. exilis can be easily distinguished by the very long narrow aedeagus and the single row of setae on the outer lateral margin of the subgenital plate.The subapical aedeagal process is a spine in J. exilis whereas in J. galapagoensis, it is a seta.Also, J. exilis has two black stripes in the face, characters lacking in J. galapagoensis.

Jikradia olitoria (Say) (reinstated)
Jassus olitorius Say, 1830:310 Coelidia olitoria (Say); Metcalf, 1964:64 Jikradia olitoria olitoria (Say); Nielson, 1979: 92 Jikradia olitoria (Say) is the most widespread species.The latest taxonomic treatment and previous distribution of this species are covered in Nielson (1979).Comparison of the adult general habitus and male genitalia features between the italian and American populations are shown in Plate 2 and Fig. 21, Fig. 22,Fig. 23,Fig. 24,Fig. 25,Fig. 26,Fig. 27,Fig. 28,Fig. 29 and Fig. 30, respectively.These differences are not considered significant to justify separate species.Specimens from italy were collected in Lombardia, Maresso (LC), 350m., 1.viii. 2013, at light, 350m.; 5.ix.2The origin of the genus appears to be Guatemala in Central America.Speciation and dispersal are believed to be multidirectional, South to the Galapagos islands, Northeast to United States and Canada, and from Southern United States to the Caribbean islands.The italian population of Jikradia olitoria (Say) was an introduction from the United States.
Specimens from Guatemala were collected by Richard Zack and borrowed from the Florida State Collection of Arthropods, Gainesville, FL.Paul Freytag provided specimens from Costa Rica and Belize.Specimens from italy were provided by Dr. Francesco Poggi and are in M. W. Nielson's personal collection (MWN).