14 Revista de Biología Tropical, ISSN: 2215-2075 Vol. 71: e50729, enero-diciembre 2023 (Publicado May. 05, 2023)
INEGI. (2020). Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geo-
grafía. Conjunto de Datos Censo de Población y
Vivienda 2020. https://www.inegi.org.mx/programas/
ccpv/2020/default.html
IUCN. (2021). International Union for Conservation of
Nature. Red List of Threatened Species. https://www.
iucnredlist.org/
Jost, L. (2010). The relation between evenness and diversi-
ty. Diversity, 2(2), 207–232. https://doi.org/10.3390/
d2020207
Kang, W., Minor, E. S., Park, C., & Lee, D. (2015).
Effects of habitat structure, human disturbance and
habitat connectivity on urban forest bird communi-
ties. Urban Ecosystems, 8(3), 857–870. https://doi.
org/10.1007/s11252-014-0433-5
Karuppannan, S., Baharuddin, Z. M., Sivam, A., & Daniels,
C. B. (2014). Urban Green Space and Urban Biodi-
versity: Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Journal of Sustai-
nable Development, 7(1), 1–16.
Kaufman, K. (2005). Guía de Campo Kaufman a las aves
de Norteamérica. La guía más práctica para identifi-
cación de aves. Hillstar Editions L.C.
Kowarik, I. (1995). On the role of alien species in urban
flora and vegetation. In P. Pysek, K. Prach, M. Rej-
manek, & M. Wade (Eds.), Plant invasions general
aspects and special problems (pp. 85–103). Urban
Ecology.
Krauth, K., & Salazar, J. (2018). Distribución de la avifau-
na en ESPOL mediante EER y la creación de mapas
para impulsar el avistamiento de aves como una
actividad recreativa dentro del campus. Sistemas de
Información Geográfica, 2, 1–9.
Kühn, I., Brandl, R., & Klotz, S. (2004). The flora of
German cities is naturally species rich. Evolutionary
Ecology Research, 6, 749–764.
La Sorte, F. A., & McKinney, M. L. (2006). Compositional
similarity and the distribution of geographic range
size for native and alien species in urban floras.
Diversity and Distributions, 12(6), 679–686. https://
doi.org/10.1111/j.1472-4642.2006.00276.x
Legendre, P., & Legendre, L. (2003). Numerical Ecology.
Elsevier.
Leveau, L. M., & Leveau, C. M. (2011). Uso de bordes de
cultivo por aves durante invierno y primavera en la
pampa austral. Hornero, 26(2), 149–157.
Lim, H. C., & Sodhi, N. S. (2004). Responses of avian
guilds to urbanisation in a tropical city. Landscape
and Urban Planning, 66(4), 199–215. https://doi.
org/10.1016/S0169-2046(03)00111-7
Lindenmayer, D. B., Laurance, W. F., Franklin, J. F., Likens,
G. E., Banks, S. C., Blanchard, W., Gibbons, P.,
Ikin, K., Blair, D., McBurney, L., Manning, A. D.,
& Stein, J. A. R. (2014). New policies for old trees:
averting a global crisis in a keystone ecological struc-
ture. Conservation Letters, 7(1), 61–69. https://doi.
org/10.1111/conl.12013
Litteral, J., & Wu, J. (2012). Urban landscape matrix affects
avian diversity in remnant vegetation fragments:
evidence from the Phoenix metropolitan region,
USA. Urban Ecosystems, 15, 939–959. https://doi.
org/10.1007/s11252-012-0245-4
Lososova, Z., Chytry, M., Tichy, L., Danihelka, J., Fajmon,
K., Hajek, O., Kintrova, K., Lanıkova, D., Otypkova,
Z., & Rehorek, V. (2012). Biotic homogenization
of Central European urban floras depends on resi-
dence time of alien species and habitat types. Bio-
logical Conservation, 145(1), 179–184. https://doi.
org/10.1016/j.biocon.2011.11.003
MacGregor, I. (2005). Listado ornitológico del Centro
Universitario de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecua-
rias, Universidad de Guadalajara, Jalisco, México: un
espacio suburbano. Huitzil, 6(1), 1–6.
MacGregor-Fors, I., Escobar-Ibáñez, J. F., Schondube, J.
E., Zuria, I., Ortega-Álvarez, R., Sosa-López, R.,
Ruvalcaba-Ortega, I., Almazán-Núñez, C., Arellano-
Delgado, M., Arriaga-Weiss, S. L., Calvo, A., Chapa-
Vargas, L., Silvestre Lara, P. X., García-Chávez, H.
O., Koller-González, J. M., Lara, C., López de Aqui-
no, S., López-Santillán, D., Maya-Elizarrarás, E.,
…Vega-Rivera, J. H. (2021). The urban contrast: A
nationwide assessment of avian diversity in Mexican
cities. Science of the Total Environment, 753, 141915.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141915
Magurran, A. E. (2004). Measuring biological diversity.
Blackwell Science Ltd.
Maragliano, R. E., Marti, L. J., Ibañez, L. M., & Montalti,
D. (2009). Comunidades de aves urbanas de Lavallol,
Buenos Aires, Argentina. Acta Zoológica Lilloana,
53(1-2), 108–114.
Margalef, R. (1972). Homage to Evelyn Hutchinson, or
why is there an upper limit to diversity? Transactions
of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences, 44,
211–235.
McKinney, M. L. (2006). Urbanization as a major cause
of biotic homogenization. Biological Conserva-
tion, 127(3), 247–260. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
biocon.2005.09.005
Meffert, P. J., & Dziock, F. (2013). The influence of
urbanisation on diversity and trait composition of
birds. Landscape Ecology, 28, 943–957. https://doi.
org/10.1007/s10980-013-9867-z
Meurk, C., & Swaffield, S. (2000). A landscape eco-
logical framework for indigenous regeneration in
rural New Zealand-Aotearoa. Landscape and Urban