Keywords
Atelostomata; erizos de mar; mar profundo; diversidad; Argentina; AMP-N/BB.
How to Cite
Abstract
Introduction: Sea urchins in the order Spatangoida are the most diverse group of extant echinoids. Objective: Describe a new genus and species of Spatangoida from abyssal depths, and add new records for known species. Methods: Specimens were collected during several cruises at different areas of the southwestern Atlantic Ocean (SWAO), among 37-55° S latitude at depths ranging from 55 to 3 000 m. We present morphological and ultrastructure analyses. Results: Corparva lyrida gen. et sp. nov. (Palaeotropidae) is described from the Mar del Plata Canyon on the Argentine continental slope (2 950 m depth), the first record of this family from Argentina. Corparva gen. nov. differs in having an apical system semi-ethmolytic, and labrum reaching to rear part of second adjacent ambulacral plate. We also report the northernmost distribution and deepest record for Brisaster moseleyi (38° S latitude, 2 212 m depth), the northward extension of the distribution range of Tripylus excavatus (39° S latitude, 74 m depth), and the first record of Abatus philippii and Abatus agassizii at the Burdwood Bank/MPA Namuncurá. Conclusions: The present work brings novel and updated data about the diversity and distribution of spatangoids from the SWAO, including the description of C. lyrida gen. et sp. nov., and new records of species. This shows how much remains to be known about the diversity and distribution of heart urchins in the SWAO, especially from the deep-sea.
References
Agassiz, A. (1879). Preliminary Report on the Echini of the Exploring Expedition of H.M.S. “Challenger”, Sir C. Wyville Thomson Chief of Civilian Staff. Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, 14, 190-212.
Agassiz, A. (1881). Report on the Echinoidea dredged by HMS “Challenger” 1873-76. Reptort on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H.M.S. Challenger, 3, 1-321.
Agassiz, A. (1883). Report on the Echini. Reports on the results of dredging, under the supervision of Alexander Agassiz, in the Gulf of Mexico (1877–78), in the Caribbean Sea (1878–79), and along the Atlantic coast of the United States (1880), by the U.S. coast survey steam. In Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zology at Harvard Collegelogy, 10(1), 1-227.
Agassiz, L. (1840). Catalogus systematicus Ectyporum Echinodermatum fossilium Musei Neocomiensis, secundum ordinem zoologicum dispositus; adjectis synonymis recentioribus, nec non stratis et locis in quibus reperiuntur. Sequuntur characters diagnostici generum novorum vel minus cognitorum. Petitpierre, Neuchâtel (pp. 20).
Allison, E. C., Durham, J. W., & Mintz, L. W. (1967). New southeast Pacific echinoids. Occasional Papers of the California Academy of Sciences, 62, 1-23.
Baker, A.N. (1998). The rediscovery of Echinus elevatus Hutton 1872 in New Zealand, and a new name for Acanthotrema Baker & Rowe 1990 (Echinodermata: Echinoidea). Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand, 28, 281-286.
Baker, A.N. & Rowe, F.W.E. (1990). Atelostomatid sea urchins from Australian and New Zealand waters (Echinoidea: Cassiduloida, Holasteroida, Spatangoida, Neoplampadoida). Invertebrate Taxonomy, 4, 281-316.
Bastida, R., Roux, A., & Martínez DE. (1992). Benthic communities of the Argentine continental shelf. Oceanologica Acta, 15, 687-698.
Bernasconi, I. (1953). Monografia de los equinodermos argentinos. Anales Del Museo de Historia Natural, 6(2), 1-58.
Bernasconi, I. (1964). Distribución geográfica de los equinoideos y asteroideos de la extremidad austral de Sudamérica. Boletín Del Instituto de Biología Marina, 7, 43-50.
Bernasconi, I. (1966). Los equinoideos y asteroideos colectados por el buque oceanográfico R/V ‘‘Vema’’, frente a las costas argentinas, uruguayas y sur de Chile. Revista del Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales “Bernardino Rivadavia”, 9(7), 147-175.
Brogger, M.I., Gil, D.G., Rubilar, T., Martinez, M.I., Díaz De Vivar, M.E., Escolar, M., . . . Tablado, A. (2013). Echinoderms from Argentina: Biodiversity, distribution and current state of knowledge. In J.J. Alvarado & F.A. Solís-Marin (Eds.), Echinoderm Research and Diversity in Latin America (pp. 359-402). Berlín: Springer Heidelberg.
David, B., & Mooi, R. (1990). An echinoid that “gives birth”: morphology and systematics of a new Antarctic species, Urechinus mortenseni (Echinodermata, Holasteroida). Zoomorphology, 110, 75-89.
David, B., Saucède, T., Chenuil, A., Steimetz, E., & De Ridder, C. (2016). The taxonomic challenge posed by the Antarctic echinoids Abatus bidens and Abatus cavernosus (Schizasteridae, Echinoidea). Polar Biology, 39(5), 897-912.
De Ridder, C., Jangoux, M., & De Vos, L. (1987). Frontal ambulacral and peribuccal areas of the spatangoid echinoid Echinocardium cordatum (Echinodermata): a functional entity in feeding mechanism. Marine Biology, 94, 613-624.
Doti, B.L., Roccatagliata, D. & López Gappa, J. (2014). An inverse latitudinal biodiversity pattern in asellote isopods (Crustacea, Peracarida) from the Southwest Atlantic between 35° and 56°S. Marine Biodiversity, 44(1), 115-125.
Döderlein, L.H.P. (1906). Die Echinoiden der deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition. Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Deutschen Tiefsee-Ex-pedition auf dem Dampfer ‘‘Valdivia’’ 1898-1899, 5(2), 61-290.
Fabri-Ruiz, S., Danis, B., Navarro, N., Koubbi, P., Laffont, R., & Saucède, T. (2020). Benthic ecoregionalization based on echinoid fauna of the Southern Ocean supports current proposals of Antarctic Marine Protected Areas under IPCC scenarios of climate change. Global Change Biology, 26(4), 2161-2180.
Fabri-Ruiz, S., Saucède, T., Danis, B., & David, B. (2017). Southern ocean echinoids Database - An updated version of Antarctic, Sub-Antarctic and cold temperate echinoid database. ZooKeys, 697, 1-20.
Gil, D.G., Zaixso, H.E., & Tolosano, J.A. (2009). Brooding of the sub-Antarctic heart urchin, Abatus cavernosus (Spatangoida: Schizasteridae), in southern Patagonia. Marine Biology, 156, 1647-1657.
Gil, D.G., Zaixso, H.E., & Tolosano, J.A. (2020). Sex-specific differences in gonopore and gonadal growth trajectories in the brooding sea urchin, Abatus cavernosus (Spatangoida). Invertebrate Biology, 139(1), 1-8.
Gray, J.E. (1851). Descriptions of some new genera and species of Spatangidae in the British Museum. The Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 2(7), 130-134.
Gray, J.E. (1855). Catalogue of the Recent Echinida, or sea eggs, in the collection of the British Museum. Part 1 - Echinida Irregularia (69 pp.). London: Woodfall and Kinder.
Hood, S., & Mooi, R. (1998). Taxonomy and phylogenetics of extant Brisaster (Echinoidea: Spatangoida). In R. Mooi & M. Telford (Eds.), Echinoderms: San Francisco (pp. 681-686). Netherlands: Balkema, Rotterdam.
Koehler, R. (1907). Astéries, ophiures et échinides recueillis dans les mers australes par la Scotia 1902-1904. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 32, 140-147.
Koehler, R. (1912). Deuxième Expédition Antarctique Française (1908-1910). Echinodermes (astéries, ophiures et échinides) (pp. 1-270). Paris: Masson et Cie.
Koehler, R. (1914). Échinides du Musée Indien à Calcutta. I. Spatangidés. Echinoderma of the Indian Museum. Part 8, Echinoidea (1). Zoological Survey of India. Calcutta, 1-258.
Kroh, A. (2020). Chapter 1. Phylogeny and classification of echinoids. In: Lawrence, J.M. (ed.): Sea Urchins: Biology and Ecology, 4th Edition (pp. 1-17). Developments in Aquaculture and Fisheries Science,vol. 43). Amsterdam: Elsevier.
Kroh, A. & Smith, A.B. (2010). The phylogeny and classification of post-Palaeozoic echinoids. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology, 8(2), 147-212.
Kroh, A. & Mooi, R. (2020). World Echinoidea Database. Accessed at http://www.marinespecies.org/echinoidea on 2020-09-25.
Lambert, J. (1896). Note sur quelques échinides crétacés de Madagascar. Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France, Series 3, 24, 313-332.
Lambert, J. (1905). Echinides du sud de la tunisie (environs de tatahouine). Bulletin de La Société Géologique de France, Series 4, 6, 695-723.
Larrain, A.P. (1985). Brachysternaster, new genus, and Brachysternaster chesheri, new species of Antarctic echinoid (Spatangoida, Schizasteridae). Polar Biology, 4(3), 121-124.
Larraín, A., Mutschke, E., Riveros, A., & Solar, E. (1999). Preliminary report on Echinoidea and Asteroidea (Echinodermata) of the joint Chilean-German-Italian Magellan “Victor Hensen” campaign, 17 October - 25 November 1994. Scientia Marina, 63(1), 433-438.
Leske, N.G. (1778). Jacobi Theodori Klein naturalis dispositio echinodermatum . . ., edita et descriptionibus novisque inventis et synonomis auctorem aucta. Addimenta ad I. T. Klein naturalem dispositionem Echinodermatum. G. E. Beer, Leipzig, 278 pp.
Lohrer, A.M., Thrush, S.F., Hunt, L.,Hancock, N., & Lundquist, C. (2005). Rapid reworking of subtidal sediments by burrowing spatangoid urchins. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 321, 155-169.
López Gappa, J., Alonso, G.M. & Landoni, N.A. (2006). Biodiversity of benthic Amphipoda (Crustacea: Peracarida) in the Southwest Atlantic between 35oS and 56oS. Zootaxa, 1342, 3-66.
Lovén, S. (1871). Om Echinoideernas byggnad. Öfversigt af Kongl. Vetenskaps-Akademiens Förhandlingar, 28(8): 1065-1111.
Lovén, S. (1874). Études sur les échinoïdées. Kongelige Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Handlingar, 11, 1-91.
Markov, A.V., & Solovjev, A.N. (2001). [Echinoids of the family Paleopneustidae (Echinoidea, Spatangoida), morphology, taxonomy, phylogeny]. [in russian]. Trudy Paleontologicheskogo Instituta, Rossikaia Akademia Nauk, 280, 1-108.
Matano, R.P., Palma, E.D., & Piola, A.R. (2010). The influence of the Brazil and Malvinas Currents on the Southwestern Atlantic Shelf circulation. Ocean Science, 6(4), 983–995.
Mironov, A.N. (1978). [The most deep-sea species of sea urchins (Echinoidea, Pourtalesiidae)]. Zoologicheskii Zhurnal, 57(5): 721-726.
Mironov, A.N. (2006). Echinoids from seamounts of the north-eastern Atlantic; onshore/offshore gradients in species distribution. In A. N. Mironov, A. V. Gebruk, & A. J. Southward (Eds.), Biogeography of the North Atlantic Seamounts KMK Scientific Press, Russian Academy of Sciences (pp. 96-133). Moscow.
Mortensen, T. (1907). Echinoidea (part. 2). The Danish Ingolf-Expedition. 4(2): 1-200. Copenhague: Bianco Luno impr.
Mortensen, T. (1910). The Echinoidea of the Swedish South Polar Expedition. Schwedischen Südpolar Exp. 1901-1903. Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse Der Schwedischen Südpolar Expedition, 6(4), 1-114.
Mortensen, T. (1950). A monograph of the Echinoidea. V. 1 Spatangoida. I. Copenhagen: Reitzel, C.A.
Mortensen, T. (1951). A monograph of the Echinoidea. V. 2 Spatangoida II. Copenhagen: Reitzel, C.A.
Néraudeau, D., David, B., & Madon, C. (1998). Tuberculation in spatangoid fascioles: Delineating plausible homologies. Lethaia, 31(4), 323-333
Pierrat, B., Saucède, T., Brayard, A., & David, B. (2013). Comparative biogeography of echinoids, bivalves and gastropods from the Southern Ocean. Journal of Biogeography, 40(7), 1374-1385.
Piola, A.R. & Matano, R.P. (2001). Brazil and Falklands (Malvinas) currents. In J.H. Steele, S.A. Thorpe & K.K. Turekian (Eds.), Encyclopedia of Oceans Science: Ocean Currents (pp. 340-349). London: Academic Press.
Pearse, J.S., & Cameron, R.A. (1991). Echinodermata: Echinoidea. In Giese, Pearse & Pearse (Eds.), Reproduction of marine invertebrates, Echinoderms and lophophorates (pp. 513-662). California: Boxwood Press.
Pearse, J.S., Mooi, R., Lockhart, S.J., & Brandt, A. (2009). Brooding and Species Diversity in the Southern Ocean: Selection for Brooders or Speciation within Brooding Clades?. Smithsonian at the Poles : Contributions to International Polar Year Science, 1971, 181-196.
Philip, G.M., & Foster, R.J. (1971). Marsupiate tertiary echinoids from south-eastern Australia and their zoogeographic significance. Palaeontology, 14(4), 666-695.
Philippi, A. (1845). Beschreibung einiger neuen Echinodermen nebst kritischen Bemerkungen über einige weniger bekannte Arten. Archiv für Naturgeschichte, 11, 344-359.
Poulin, E., & Féral, J.P. (1996). Why are there so many species of brooding antarctic echinoids?. Evolution, 50(2), 820.
Poulin, E., & Féral, J.P. (1998). Consequences of brood protection in the diversity of antarctic echinoids. Oceanis, 24(4), 159-188.
Saitoh, M., & Kanazawa, K. (2012). Adaptative morphology for living in shallow water environments in spatangoid echinoids. Zoosymposia, 7(1), 255-265.
Saucède, T., Eléaume, M., Jossart, Q., Moreau, C., Downey, R., Bax, N., Sands, C., Mercado, B., Gallut, C., & Vignes-Lebbe, R. (2020). Synthesis Taxonomy 2.0 : computer-aided identification tools to assist Antarctic biologists in the fiel and in the laboratory. Antarctic Science, 1-13.
Schinner, G.O., & McClintock, J.B. (1993). Structural characteristics of marsupial brood pouches of the antarctic sea urchins Abatus nimrodi and Abatus shackletoni (Echinoidea: Spatangoida). Journal of Morphology, 216(1), 79-93.
Smith, A.B., & Gale, A.S. (2009). The pre-Messinian deep-sea Neogene echinoid fauna of the Mediterranean: Surface productivity controls and biogeographical relationships. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 281(1-2), 115-125.
Smith, A.B., & Kroh, A. (Eds.). (2011). The Echinoid Directory. World Wide Web electronic publication. Retrieved from http://www.nhm.ac.uk/research-curation/projects/echinoid-directory [accessed April, 2020].
Smith, A.B., & Stockley, B. (2005). Fasciole pathways in spatangoid echinoids: A new source of phylogenetically informative characters. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 144(1), 15-35.
Stockley, B., Smith, A.B., Littlewood, T., Lessios, H.A., & Mackenzie-Dodds, J.A. (2005), Phylogenetic relationships of spatangoid sea urchins (Echinoidea): taxon sampling density and congruence between morphological and molecular estimates. Zoologica Scripta, 34, 447-468.
Troschel, F.H. (1851). Ueber die Gattung Tripylus. Archiv für Naturgeschichte, 17, 67-74.
Villier, L., Néraudeau, D., Clavel, B., Neumann, C., & David, B. (2004). Phylogeny of early cretaceous spatangoids (Echinodermata: Echinoidea) and taxonomic implications. Palaeontology, 47(2), 265-292.
Voigt, I., Henrich, R., Preu, B. M., Piola, A. R., Hanebuth, T. J. J., Schwenk, T., & Chiessi, C. M. (2013). A submarine canyon as a climate archive - Interaction of the antarctic intermediate water with the mar del plata canyon (southwest atlantic). Marine Geology, 341, 46–57.
Comments
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.