Cuencas piggy-back de Limón Sur, Costa Rica

Morfometría, evolución e implicaciones tectónicas

Autores/as

  • Fabio Piedra Geólogo independiente, Limón, Costa Rica Autor/a
  • Percy Percy Universidad de Costa Rica (UCR), Escuela Centroamericana de Geología (ECG), San José, Costa Rica Autor/a

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15517/qg1h3s86

Palabras clave:

Morfotectónica, Índice ksn, Cuña orogénica, Cinturón inverso, Cinturón Deformado del Norte de Panamá

Resumen

Se presenta un análisis morfotectónico de las cuencas piggy-back de Limón Sur, ubicada en el sector sur-oriental de Costa Rica, con el objetivo de evaluar su evolución geomorfológica y su relación con la deformación tectónica activa. Se analizaron siete cuencas mediante métricas geomorfológicas derivadas de modelos de elevación digital, incluyendo área, elevación, pendiente media, relieve local e índice de empinamiento normalizado del cauce (ksn), complementadas con el análisis de la red de drenaje. Las cuencas se distribuyen en una franja de aproximadamente 150 km de longitud, paralela a la costa Caribe, y muestran una marcada variabilidad morfológica. Las cuencas ubicadas hacia el nor-noroeste presentan menor extensión y un mayor confinamiento por altos estructurales asociados a la fila Matama y al sistema de fallas Siquirres–Matina, mientras que hacia el sureste alcanzan mayores dimensiones y superficies internas más homogéneas. La cuenca del río Sixaola constituye la cuenca continental de mayor extensión (103,04 km²) y registra los menores valores de pendiente media (2,33°) y relieve local (37,75 m), en contraste con la cuenca del río Blanco, que posee una superficie de 4,71 km², un relieve local promedio de 100,45 m y valores del índice ksn cercanos a 200 asociados a la falla Río Blanco, evidenciando un fuerte control tectónico sobre la red de drenaje. Los mayores valores de relieve local y ksn se concentran en la fila Matama, el anticlinal Senosri y la falla Río Blanco, mientras que superficies relictas del suroeste presentan valores bajos de ambas métricas. Asimismo, se identifican sistemas fluviales trenzados, abanicos aluviales coalescentes y una transición hacia patrones meándricos en el sistema Telire–Sixaola, lo que es una consecuencia de cambios en el aporte sedimentario y el gradiente topográfico. Los resultados son consistentes con la evolución sintectónica de un sistema de cuencas piggy-back desarrollado en un dominio compresivo y aportan nueva evidencia geomorfológica para evaluar los modelos tectónicos propuestos para el Caribe sur de Costa Rica, particularmente aquellos que interpretan la región como una cuenca de antepaís de retroarco o como parte de una subducción incipiente.

Descargas

Los datos de descarga aún no están disponibles.

Referencias

Aguilar, T., y Denyer, P. (2021). Estratigrafía sedimentaria Cretácico-Paleógeno de la cuenca de Limón Sur, Costa Rica. Revista geológica de América Central, 65, 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.15517/rgac.v0i65.46700

Alfaro, A., y Denyer, P. (2021). El petróleo en el Caribe de Costa Rica: historia, actividades exploratorias e intrigas políticas Petroleum in the Caribbean of Costa Rica: history, exploratory activities and political intrigues. Revista Geológica de América Central, 65, 1–54. https://doi.org/10.15517/rgac.v0i65.46699

Arroyo, I. G., y Linkimer, L. (2021). Modelo unidimensional de velocidades sísmicas y características tomográficas tridimensionales del Caribe Sur de Costa Rica. Revista Geológica de América Central, 65, 1–15. https://doi.org/10.15517/rgac.v0i65.46696

Ashmore, P. (2013). Morphology and dynamics of braided rivers. En J. Shroder y E. Wohl (Eds.), Treatise on geomorphology (Vol. 9, pp. 289–312). Academic Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-374739-6.00242-6

Astorga, A., Fernández, J. A., Barboza, G., Campos, L., Obando, J. A., Aguilar, L. A., y Obando. (1991). Cuencas sedimentarias de Costa Rica: evolución geodinámica y potencial de hidrocarburos. Revista Geológica de América Central, 13, 25-59.

Bolz, A., y Calvo, C., 2018. Carbonate platform development in an intraoceanic arc setting: Costa Rican’s largest limestone sequence – the Fila de Cal Formation (middle Eocene to lower Oligocene). Revista Geológica de América Central, 58, 85–114. https://doi.org/10.155 17/rgac.v58i0 DOI: https://doi.org/10.15517/rgac.v58i0.32845

Bonini, M., Moratti, G., y Sani, F. (1999). Evolution and depocenter migration in thrust-top basins: inferences from the Messinian Velona Basin (Northern Apennines, Italy). Tectonophysics, 304(1-2), 95-108. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0040-1951(98)00291-1 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-1951(98)00291-1

Boschini, I. M., y Montero, W. (1994). Sismicidad histórica e instrumental del Caribe de Costa Rica. Revista Geológica de América Central. https://doi.org/10.15517/rgac.v0i0.13423 DOI: https://doi.org/10.15517/rgac.v0i0.13423

Bottazzi-Basti, G., Obando-Acuña, L.G., y Fernández-Solorzano, J.A. (2021). Episodios tectonosedimentarios de la Cuenca Limón Sur. Revista Geológica de América Central. 65, 1–17. https://doi.org/10.15517/rgac.v0i65.46648

Bowland, C. (1993). Depositional history of the western Colombian Basin, Caribbean Sea, revealed by seismic stratigraphy. TheUniversity of Texas at Austin. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1993)105<1321:DHOTWC>2.3.CO;2

Bowin, C. (1976). Caribbean Gravity Field and Plate Tectonics. En Geological Society of America Special Papers (pp. 1-82). https://doi.org/10.1130/spe169-p1 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1130/SPE169-p1

Brandes, C., Astorga, A., Blisniuk, P., Littke, R., y Winsemann, J. (2007). Anatomy of anticlines, piggy-back basins and growth strata: A case study from the Limón fold-and-thrust belt, Costa Rica. En G. Nichols, F. Williams y C. Paola (Eds.), Sedimentary processes, environments and basins (pp. 91–110). Blackwell. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/9781444304411.ch5

Brandes, C., Tanner, D. C., y Winsemann, J. (2016). Kinematic 3-D Retro-Modeling of an Orogenic Bend in the South Limón Fold-and-Thrust Belt, Eastern Costa Rica: Prediction of the Incremental Internal Strain Distribution. Pure and Applied Geophysics, 173(10–11), 3341–3356. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00024-016-1263-6 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00024-016-1263-6

Burbank, D., y Anderson, R. (2001). Tectonic geomorphology. Blackwell Science.

Butler, R. W., y Grassot, M. (1993). Tectonic controls on base‐level variations and depositional sequences within thrust‐top and foredeep basins: examples from the Neogene thrust belt of central Sicily. Basin Research, 5(3), 137-151. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2117.1993.tb00062.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2117.1993.tb00062.x

Bourke, J. R., Levin, V., Arroyo, I. G., y Linkimer, L. (2023). Evidence for Caribbean plate subduction in southern Costa Rica. Geology, 51(4), 408–412. https://doi.org/10.1130/G50796.1 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1130/G50796.1

Calvo, C., Salazar, M., Alfaro, D., Fregni, S., y Alvarado, G. E. (2021). El altiplano de Grano de Oro (Moravia, Chirripó): una cuenca reciente de represamiento tectónico en Alta Talamanca, Costa Rica. Revista Geológica de América Central, 65, 1-25. 10.15517/RGAC.V0I65.46876

Camacho, E., y Víquez, V. (1994). Licuefacción y hundimientos costeros en el noreste de Panamá durante el terremoto de Limón. Revista Geológica América Central (Volumen Especial Terremoto de Limón 22 de abril de 1991), 133-138. https://doi.org/10.15517/rgac.v0i0.13446 DOI: https://doi.org/10.15517/rgac.v0i0.13446

Case, J., y Holcombe, T. (1980). Geologic-Tectonic map of The Caribbean Region. [Escala 1: 2.500.000]. USGS.

Castillo, M., Muñoz-Salinas, E., y Ferrari, L. (2014). Response of a landscape to tectonics using channel steepness indices (ksn) and OSL: A case of study from the Jalisco Block, Western Mexico. Geomorphology, 221, 204-214. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2014.06.017 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2014.06.017

Chakraborty, T., Taral, S., More, S., Bera, S. (2020). Cenozoic Himalayan Foreland Basin: An Overview and Regional Perspective of the Evolving Sedimentary Succession. En N. Gupta y S. Tandon (Eds), Geodynamics of the Indian Plate (pp 395–437). Springer Geology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-15989-4_11 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-15989-4_11

Chanvry, E., Deschamps, R., Joseph, P., Puigdefàbregas, C., Poyatos-Moré, M., Serra-Kiel, J., Garcia, D., y Teinturier, S. (2018). The influence of intrabasinal tectonics in the stratigraphic evolution of piggyback basin fills: Towards a model from the Tremp-Graus-Ainsa Basin (South-Pyrenean Zone, Spain). Sedimentary Geology, 377, 34-62. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sedgeo.2018.09.007 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sedgeo.2018.09.007

Chen, H., Yang, S., Picotti, V., Cheng, X., Lin, X., y Li, K. (2022). The late Cenozoic expansion of the northeastern Pamir: Insights from the stratigraphic architecture of the Wupoer Piggyback Basin. Journal Of Asian Earth Sciences, 232, 105012. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jseaes.2021.105012 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jseaes.2021.105012

Collins, L. S., Coates, A. G., Jackson, J. B., y Obando, J. A. (1995). Timing and rates of emergence of the Limón and Bocas del Toro basins: Caribbean effects of Cocos Ridge subduction? En P. Mann (Ed.), Geologic and Tectonic Development of the Caribbean Plate Boundary in Southern Central America (pp. 263-290). Geological Society of America. https://doi.org/10.1130/SPE295-p263 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1130/SPE295-p263

Covault, J. A., Hubbard, S. M., Graham, S. A., Hinsch, R., y Linzer, H. (2009). Turbidite-reservoir architecture in complex foredeep-margin and wedge-top depocenters, Tertiary Molasse foreland basin system, Austria. Marine And Petroleum Geology, 26(3), 379-396. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2008.03.002 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2008.03.002

Denyer, P., Personius, S., y Arias, O. (1994). Generalidades sobre el efecto geológico del terremoto. Revista Geológica de América Central (Número Especial: Terremoto de Limón), 29-38. https://doi.org/10.15517/rgac.v0i0.13393 DOI: https://doi.org/10.15517/rgac.v0i0.13393

Denyer, P.,Alvarado, G. E. (2007). Mapa Geológico de Costa Rica. [Escala 1: 400 000]. Librería Francesa.

DeCelles P. G., y Giles, K. A. (1996) Foreland basin systems. Basin Research, 8(2), 105–123. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2117.1996.01491.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2117.1996.01491.x

DeMets, C., Gordon, R. G., y Argus, D. F. (2010). Geologically current plate motions. Geophysical Journal International, 181(1), 1–80. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.2009.04491.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.2009.04491.x

DiBiase, R. A., Whipple, K. X., Heimsath, A. M., y Ouimet, W. B. (2010). Landscape form and millennial erosion rates in the San Gabriel Mountains, CA. Earth And Planetary Science Letters, 289(1-2), 134-144. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2009.10.036 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2009.10.036

Dimate, C., Rivera, L., Taboada, A., Bertrand, D., Osorio, A., Jiménez, E., Fuenzalida, A., Cisternas, A., y Gómez, I. (2003). The 19 January 1995 Tauramena (Colombia) earthquake: Geometry and stress regime. Tectonophysics, 363(1–2), 159–180. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-1951(02)00670-9 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-1951(02)00670-4

Duvall, A., Kirby, E., y Burbank, D. (2004). Tectonic and lithologic controls on bedrock channel profiles and processes in coastal California. Journal of Geophysical Research, 109, F03002. https://doi.org/10.1029/2003JF000086 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1029/2003JF000086

Erbello, A., Melnick, D., Zeilinger, G., Bookhagen, B., Pingel, H., y Strecker, M. R. (2022). Geomorphic expression of a tectonically active rift-transfer zone in southern Ethiopia. Geomorphology, 403, 108162. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2022.108162 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2022.108162

Fernández, J. A., Botazzi, G., y Barboza, A. G. V. A. (1994). Tectónica y estratigrafía de la cuenca Limón Sur. Revista Geológica de América Central (Volumen Especial Terremoto de Limón), 15-28. https://doi.org/10.15517/rgac.v0i0.13391 DOI: https://doi.org/10.15517/rgac.v0i0.13391

Fernández, J. A. (1987). Geología de la hoja topográfica Tucurrique (1:50 000 IGNCR., #3445I). (Tesis de licenciatura). Universidad de Costa Rica.

Fischer, S., y Pessagno, E. A. (1965). Upper Cretaceous strata of northwestern Panama. Bulletin American Association of Petroleum Geologists, 49(4), 433-444. https://10.1306/A6633630-16C0-11D7-8645000102C1865D DOI: https://doi.org/10.1306/A6633630-16C0-11D7-8645000102C1865D

Flint, J. J. (1974), Stream gradient as a function of order, magnitude, and discharge. Water Resources Research, 10, 969–973, https://doi.org/10.1029/WR010i005p00969 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1029/WR010i005p00969

Forte, A. M., y Whipple, K. X. (2019). Short communication: The Topographic Analysis Kit (TAK) for TopoToolbox, Earth Surf. Dynam., 7, 87–95. https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-7-87-2019 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-7-87-2019

Galve, J. P., Alvarado, G. E., Pérez-Peña, J. V., Pérez-Consuegra, N., Ruano, P., Becerril, L., Devoto, S., y Reyes-Carmona, C. (2022). River avulsions and megafan development triggered by high recurrent explosive volcanism. Geomorphology, 419, 108466. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2022.108466 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2022.108466

Gardner, T. W., Fisher, D. M., Morell, K. D., y Cupper, M. L. (2013). Upper-plate deformation in response to flat slab subduction inboardof the aseismic Cocos Ridge, Osa Peninsula, Costa Rica. Lithosphere, 5(3), 247–264. https://doi.org/10.1130/L251.1 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1130/L251.1

Gasparini, N. M., y Whipple, K. X. (2014) Diagnosing Climatic and Tectonic Controls on Topography: Eastern Flank of the Northern Bolivian Andes. Lithosphere, 6(4), 230-250.

https://doi.org/10.1130/L322.1 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1130/L322.1

Goes, S. D. B., Velasco, A. A., Schwartz, S. Y., y Lay, T. (1993). The April 22, 1991, Valle de la Estrella, Costa Rica (Mw = 7.7) earthquake and its tectonic implications: A broadband seismic study. Journal of Geophysical Research, 98(B5), 8127–8142. https://doi.org/10.1029/93JB00019 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1029/93JB00019

González, A., y Guimerá, J. (1993). Sedimentación sintectónica en una cuenca transportada sobre una lámina de cabalgamiento: la cubierta terciaria de Aliaga. Revista de la Sociedad Geológica de España, 6(1-2), 151-165. https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=7410445

Granados-Bolaños, S., Surian, N., Birkel, C., Alvarado, G. E., Quesada-Román, A., Galve, J. P., y Bonilla-Mata, A. (2024). Fluvial Landscapes of Costa Rica: An Overview of Dynamic Rivers. En A. Quesada-Román (Ed.), Landscapes and Landforms of Costa Rica. World geomorphological landscapes (pp. 91-111). Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-64940-0_5 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-64940-0_5

Hack, J. T. (1957). Studies of longitudinal stream profiles in Virginia and Maryland (Professional Paper 294-B, pp. 45–97). U.S. Geological Survey. https://doi.org/10.3133/pp294B DOI: https://doi.org/10.3133/pp294B

Heydarzadeh, K., Ruh, J. B., Vergés, J., Hajialibeigi, H., y Gharabeigli, G. (2020). Evolution of a structural basin: Numerical modelling applied to the Dehdasht Basin, Central Zagros, Iran. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 187, 104088. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jseaes.2019.104088 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jseaes.2019.104088

Hooke, J. M. (2013). River meandering. En J. Shroder y E. Wohl (Eds.), Treatise on geomorphology (Vol. 9. Fluvial geomorphology, pp. 260–288). Academic Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-374739-6.00241-4

Kellogg, J. N., Vega, V., Stallings, T. C., Aiken, C. L. V., & Kellogg, J. N. (1995). Tectonic development of Panama, Costa Rica, and the Colombian Andes: Constraints from Global Positioning System geodetic studies and gravity. En P. Mann (Ed.), Geologic and tectonic development of the Caribbean Plate boundary in southern Central America (pp. 75–90). Geological Society of America. https://doi.org/10.1130/spe295-p75 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1130/SPE295-p75

Kirby, E., y Whipple, K. X. (2012). Expression of active tectonics in erosional landscapes. Journal of Structural Geology, 44, 54–75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsg.2012.07.009 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsg.2012.07.009

Kirkpatrick, H. M., Moon, S., Yin, A., y Harrison, T. M. (2020). Impact of fault damage on eastern Tibet topography. Geology, 49(1), 30-34. https://doi.org/10.1130/G48179.1 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1130/G48179.1

Kolarsky, R. A., Mann, P., y Montero, W. (1995). Island arc response to shallow subduction of the Cocos Ridge, Costa Rica. En P. Mann (Ed.), Geologic and tectonic development of the Caribbean Plate boundary in southern Central America (pp. 235–262). Geological Society of America. https://doi.org/10.1130/spe295-p235 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1130/SPE295-p235

Khan, U., Khan, M., Wu, S., y Jinwei, G. (2024). Middle Miocene renewed subduction of arabian-eurasian plates: Implications for convergent tectonic mechanisms, tectonically induced fluid overpressures, and sediment recycling dynamics. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 162, 106704. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2024.106704 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2024.106704

Li, H., Yuan, D., Su, Q., Si, G., Xie, H., Wen, Y., Su, R., Yao, Y., Yu, J., y Sun, H. (2025). Segmentation and deformation mechanisms of the North Tuole Shan fault in the Qilian Mountains: Insights from channel steepness index (k) and fault activity. Geomorphology, 486, 109904. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2025.109904 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2025.109904

Mann, P. (Ed.). (1995). Geologic and tectonic development of the Caribbean Plate boundary in southern Central America (Special Paper 295). Geological Society of America. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1130/SPE295

Marshall, J. S., Fisher, D. M., y Gardner, T. W. (2000). Central Costa Rica deformed belt: Kinematics of diffuse faulting across the western Panama block. Tectonics, 19(3), 468–492. https://doi.org/10.1029/1999tc001136 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1029/1999TC001136

Miall, A. D. (1996). The geology of fluvial deposits: Sedimentary facies, basin analysis and petroleum geology. Springer-Verlag.

Montero, W. (2011). Neotectónica de la región central de Costa Rica: Frontera oeste de la microplaca de Panamá. Revista Geológica de América Central, 24. https://doi.org/10.15517/rgac.v0i24.8551 DOI: https://doi.org/10.15517/rgac.v0i24.8551

Montero-Pohly, W., y Denyer, P. (2026). A tectonic model of the Western North Panama Deformed Belt: Insights from the April 22, 1991, Limón, Costa Rica (Mw7.7) earthquake. Tectonophysics, 935, 231273. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2026.231273 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2026.231273

Montgomery, D. R., y Brandon, M. T. (2002). Topographic controls on erosion rates in tectonically active mountain ranges. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 201(3–4), 481–489. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0012-821x(02)00725-2 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0012-821X(02)00725-2

Mora, S., y Mora, R. (1994). Los deslizamientos causados por el terremoto de Limón: Factores de control y comparación con otros eventos en Costa Rica. Revista Geológica de América Central, Volumen especial: Terremoto de Limón, 139–152. https://doi.org/10.15517/RGAC.V0I0.13447 DOI: https://doi.org/10.15517/rgac.v0i0.13447

Mora, S., y Yasuda, S. (1994). Licuefacción de suelos y fenómenos asociados durante el Terremoto de Limón. Revista Geológica de América Central, Volumen especial: Terremoto de Limón, 121–132. https://doi.org/10.15517/RGAC.V0I0.13442 DOI: https://doi.org/10.15517/rgac.v0i0.13442

Morell, K. D., Kirby, E., Fisher, D. M., y Van Soest, M. (2012). Geomorphic and exhumational response of the Central American Volcanic Arc to Cocos Ridge subduction. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 117(B4). https://doi.org/10.1029/2011jb008969 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JB008969

Morera, G., Leitón, L., y Monge-Aguilar, J. A. (1991). Cachí-Moín, tramo Siquirres-Moín, perfil comparativo de elevaciones, Terremoto 22 Abril 1991, plano # 3649-6-3 (3/3). [Informe interno no publicado]. Departamento de Topografía, Instituto Costarricense de Electricidad.

Moscariello, A. (2017). Alluvial fans and fluvial fans at the margins of continental sedimentary basins: Geomorphic and sedimentological distinction for geo-energy exploration and development. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 440(1), 215–243. https://doi.org/10.1144/sp440.11 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1144/SP440.11

Nishenko, S., Camacho, E., Astorga, A., Morales, L. D., y Preuss, J. (2021). The 22 April 1991 Limón, Costa Rica tsunami field survey . Revista Geológica de América Central, 65, 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.15517/rgac.v0i65.47001

O’Dea, A., Lessios, H. A., Coates, A. G., Eytan, R. I., Restrepo-Moreno, S. A., Cione, A. L., Collins, L. S., De Queiroz, A., Farris, D. W., Norris, R. D., Stallard, R. F., Woodburne, M. O., Aguilera, O., Aubry, M., Berggren, W. A., Budd, A. F., Cozzuol, M. A., Coppard, S. E., Duque-Caro, H., … Jackson, J. B. C. (2016). Formation of the Isthmus of Panama. Science Advances, 2(8), e1600883. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1600883 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1600883

Organización de Estados Americancos (OEA). (1978). Diagnóstico del sector minero. OEA.

Parkinson, R. W., Cortés, J., y Denyer, P. (1998). Passive margin sedimentation on Costa Rica’s North Caribbean coastal plain, Rio Colorado. Revista de Biología Tropical, 46(S6), 221–236.

Pérez-Consuegra, N., Ott, R. F., Hoke, G. D., García-Delgado, H., y Sandoval, J. R. (2025). Limits of fluvial relief in the Northern Andes. Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface, 130, e2024JF007763. https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JF007763 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JF007763

Piedra, F., y Denyer, P. (2025). Cuencas piggy-back de la cuenca de Limón Sur: Geomorfología y significado tectónico. [Póster]. VIII Congreso Geológico de Costa Rica y IX Congreso Geológico UCR. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/397081476_Cuencas_Piggy-Back_de_la_cuenca_de_Limon_Sur_Geomorfologia_y_Significado_Tectonico

Pizarro, D. (1993). Los pozos profundos perforados en Costa Rica: Aspectos litológicos y bioestratigráficos. Revista Geológica de América Central, 15, 81–85.

Plafker, G., y Ward, S. (1992). Back arc thrust faulting and tectonic uplift along the Caribbean Sea coast during the April 22, 1991 Costa Rica earthquake. Tectonics, 11(4), 709–718. https://doi.org/10.1029/92TC00609 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1029/92TC00609

Quesada-Román, A., Campos, N., y Granados-Bolaños, S. (2021). Tropical glacier reconstructions during the Last Glacial Maximum in Costa Rica. Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Geológicas, 38(1), 55–64. https://doi.org/10.22201/cgeo.20072902e.2021.1.1600 DOI: https://doi.org/10.22201/cgeo.20072902e.2021.1.1600

Redfield, A. H. (1923). The petroleum possibilities of Costa Rica. Economic Geology, 18(4), 354–381. https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.18.4.354 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.18.4.354

Schwanghart, W., y Scherler, D. (2014). Short communication: TopoToolbox 2 – MATLAB-based software for topographic analysis and modeling in Earth surface sciences. Earth Surface Dynamics, 2, 1–7. https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-2-1-2014 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-2-1-2014

Shiraishi, K., Yamada, Y., y Nibe, T. (2019). Thermogenic petroleum potential of the Nankai subduction zone, offshore SW Japan. Journal of Petroleum Geology, 42(4), 417–434. https://doi.org/10.1111/jpg.12744 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/jpg.12744

Silver, E. A., Reed, D. L., Tagudin, J. E., y Heil, D. J. (1990). Implications of the north and south Panama thrust belts for the origin of the Panama orocline. Tectonics, 9(2), 261–281. https://doi.org/10.1029/TC009i002p00261 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1029/TC009i002p00261

Sprechmann, P., Astorga, A., Calvo, C., y Fernández, J. A. (1994). Stratigraphic chart of the sedimentary basins of Costa Rica, Central America. Profil, 7, 427–433.

Sprechmann, P., Astorga, A., Fernández, A., y Calvo, C. (1993, 28 de junio - 2 de julio). Cuadro sinóptico de correlación estratigráfica de las cuencas sedimentarias de Costa Rica [Ponencia]. IV Congreso Geológico Nacional, San José, Costa Rica.

Suárez, G., Pardo, M., Domínguez, J., Ponce, L., Montero, W., Boschini, I., y Rojas, W. (1995). The Limón, Costa Rica earthquake of April 22, 1991: Back arc thrusting and collisional tectonics in a subduction environment. Tectonics, 14(2), 518–530. https://doi.org/10.1029/94tc02546 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1029/94TC02546

Suriano, J., Limarino, C. O., Tedesco, A. M., y Alonso, M. S. (2015). Sedimentation model of piggyback basins: Cenozoic examples of San Juan Precordillera, Argentina. En S. A. Sepúlveda, L. B. Giambiagi, S. M. Moreiras, L. Pinto, M. Tunik, G. D. Hoke, y M. Farías (Eds.), Geodynamic processes in the Andes of Central Chile and Argentina (pp. 221–244). Geological Society, London. https://doi.org/10.1144/SP399.11 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1144/SP399.17

Taboada, A., Rivera, L. A., Fuenzalida, A., Cisternas, A., Philip, H., Bijwaard, H., Olaya, J., y Rivera, C. (2000). Geodynamics of the northern Andes: Subductions and intracontinental deformation (Colombia). Tectonics, 19(5), 787–813. https://doi.org/10.1029/2000tc900004 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1029/2000TC900004

Tajima, F., y Kikuchi, M. (1995). Tectonic implications of the seismic ruptures associated with the 1983 and 1991 Costa Rica earthquakes. En P. Mann (Ed.), Geologic and tectonic development of the Caribbean Plate boundary in southern Central America (pp. 327–340). Geological Society of America. https://doi.org/10.1130/spe295-p327 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1130/SPE295-p327

Tucker, G. E., y Whipple, K. X. (2002). Topographic outcomes predicted by stream erosion models: Sensitivity analysis and intermodel comparison. Journal of Geophysical Research, 107(B9), 2179. https://doi.org/10.1029/2001JB000162 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1029/2001JB000162

Whipple, K., Adams, B., Forte, A., y Hodges, K. (2023). Eroding the Himalaya: Topographic and climatic control of erosion rates and implications for tectonics. Journal of Geology, 131(4), 265–288. https://doi.org/10.1086/731260 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1086/731260

Whipple, K. X., y Gasparini, N. M. (2014). Tectonic control of topography, rainfall patterns, and erosion during rapid post–12 Ma uplift of the Bolivian Andes. Lithosphere, 6(4), 251–268. https://doi.org/10.1130/L325.1 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1130/L325.1

Whipple, K. X., y Tucker, G. E. (1999). Dynamics of the stream-power river incision model: Implications for height limits of mountain ranges, landscape response timescales, and research needs. Journal of Geophysical Research, 104(B8), 17661–17674. https://doi.org/10.1029/1999JB900120 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1029/1999JB900120

Wobus, C., Whipple, K. X., Kirby, E., Snyder, N., Johnson, J., Spyropolou, K., Crosby, B., y Sheehan, D. (2006). Tectonics from topography: Procedures, promise, and pitfalls. En S. D. Willett, N. Hovius, M. T. Brandon, y D. M. Fisher (Eds.), Tectonics, climate, and landscape evolution (pp. 55–74). Geological Society of America. https://doi.org/10.1130/2006.2398(04) DOI: https://doi.org/10.1130/2006.2398(04)

Woodring, W. (1957). Geology and paleontology of Canal Zone and adjoining parts of Panama: Geology and description of Tertiary mollusks (gastropods: Trochidae to Turritellidae) (Professional Paper 306, pp. 1–145). U.S. Geological Survey. https://doi.org/10.3133/pp306A DOI: https://doi.org/10.3133/pp306A

Zhu, Y., Dortch, J. M., Massey, M. A., Haneberg, W. C., y Curl, D. (2021). An intelligent swath tool to characterize complex topographic features: Theory and application in the Teton Range, Licking River, and Olympus Mons. Geomorphology, 387, 107778. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2021.107778 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2021.107778

Área de estudio

Publicado

2026-10-27