Pensar en Movimiento: Revista de Ciencias del Ejercicio y la Salud
type: channel
description: PENSAR EN MOVIMIENTO: Revista de Ciencias del Ejercicio y la Salud (Thinking in / about motion: Journal on Exercise and Health Sciences): is an international scientific journal from the School of Physical Education and the Human Movement Science Research Center of the University of Costa Rica, addressed to all professionals and specialized readers in this area. Its goal is to promote universal research on Human Movement and Health Sciences. Key words: Exercise Physiology, Biomechanics, Sports Psychology, Sports Nutrition, Motor Learning, Sports Medicine. OAI protocol from this journal: https://revistas.ucr.ac.cr/index.php/rpem/oai
publisher: Universidad de Costa Rica
language: en
publication name: Pensar en Movimiento: Revista de Ciencias del Ejercicio y la Salud
issn: 1659-4436
items: Water- the forgotten nutrient: revisiting its role in health and disease
items: [English original] Anthropometric, aerobic and muscle power profile of young Costa Rican basketball players
items: Costa Rica without borders #26
items: [English original] Full study of characteristics of morphological adaptations in response to chronic exercise across musculoskeletal tissues: a systematic review
items: Is thirst sufficient as a mechanism for achieving euhydration? A narrative review
items: Compared study of physical activity, sedentary lifestyle and physical self-concept among chilean adolescents with and without special educational
items: Editorial: The search for truth: common ground between science and religion
items: Mental, physical or combined practice in motor performance and learning: a meta-analytical response
items: Physical activity, time in front of the computer, sleep hours and body mass index in adolescents in times of pandemic
items: Perception of quality of life in chilean para-athletes and non-athletes with brain injury
items: [English original] Accessibility perception of chilean para-athletes, road to Santiago 2023
items: Physical activity for adults and senior adults: The institutional program of Universidad de Costa Rica
items: [Spanish translation] Unique features of physical education – a look at evaluation
items: [Spanish translation] Understanding the dimensions of athlete brand authenticity
items: Data base of Effect of aerobic exercise on cardiorespiratory capacity in survivors of covid-19: meta-analysis
items: [English original] Two decades of research in human movement science in Costa Rica: future growth and development
items: [Spanish translation] Anthropometric, aerobic and muscle power profile of young costa rican basketball players
items: Effect of aerobic exercise on the cardiorespiratory capacity in survivors of covid-19: meta-analysis
items: The publication of data sets through scientific journals: the case of Pensar en Movimiento
items: Data base of Relationship between process- and product-oriented assessments of actual motor performance: a meta-analysis
items: Physical activity in Costa Rican urban population and its relationship to socio-demographic and anthropometric patterns
items: [English original] Morphological adaptations in response to chronic exercise across musculoskeletal tissues: a systematic review
items: Level of motor coordination in children participating in the integral sports schools program of chile’s sports ministry
items: Relationship between process- and product-oriented assessments of actual motor performance: a meta-analysis
items: [Portuguese translation] Editorial: What is the Language of Science? New Consensus Statements in Spanish
items: [Spanish original] What is the Language of Science? New Consensus Statements in Spanish
items: Data base of Maximum heart rate prediction equations fail key external validation test
items: The Exercise and Sports Science Australia position statement: Exercise medicine in cancer management
items: [Spanish translation] Accessibility perception of chilean para-athletes, road to Santiago 2023
items: Physical activity in the management of obesity in adults: A position statement from Exercise and Sport Science Australia

Water- the forgotten nutrient: revisiting its role in health and disease
type: item
description: INTRODUCTION: Water intake has arguably been one of the least-studied topics in nutrition science and is often described as the ‘forgotten nutrient’. Despite its importance, it has been largely overlooked in dietary guidance. DEVELOPMENT: A Recommended Dietary Allowance for water has yet to be established. Adequate Intake guidelines of 3.7 and 2.7 L of water per day have been suggested for sedentary adult men and women (> 18 y), respectively. Even though these values are based on population consumption data, they are also supported by recent scientific evidence. Body fluid balance is regulated by fluid balance homeostatic mechanisms. Arginine vasopressin (AVP; also known as anti-diuretic hormone) is regulated by osmoreceptors and baroreceptors and among many functions, it mainly reduces urinary output. It has been suggested that thirst might be an adequate signal for water intake when the body is in a deficit. However, inadequate water intake and underhydration can occur in the absence of thirst. There are many deleterious health effects related to elevated AVP and underhydration. Low water intake and elevated AVP significantly and negatively impact cardiovascular health, mood, kidney function, glucose regulation, chronic disease development, accelerated aging, and increased mortality. Water intake is particularly important during physical activity, especially in warm environments. Replacing fluids lost through sweating is essential for maintaining fluid and electrolyte balance during thermoregulation. CONCLUSION: Increasing water consumption through palatable non-sugar-sweetened beverages represents a simple, cost-effective strategy with the potential to produce sustained improvements in population health.
subject: Invited Articles
  topic: section
subject: drinking
  topic: keywords
subject: thirst
  topic: keywords
subject: essential nutrients
  topic: keywords
subject: health
  topic: keywords
creator: Abigail T. Colburn
creator: Holly Emmanuel
creator: Stavros Kavouras
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Pensar en Movimiento: Revista de Ciencias del Ejercicio y la Salud
date: 2026-07-08
publication date: 2026-07-08
starting page: e5121
ending page: e5121
doi: 10.15517/2e7ghf41

[English original] Anthropometric, aerobic and muscle power profile of young Costa Rican basketball players
type: item
description: The purpose of this study was to describe an anthropometric, aerobic and muscle power profile of young Costa Rican basketball players according to sex, play positions and age. The assessment was carried outa on 99 young players (43 women and 56 men; 18 guards, 51 forwards and 30 centers; 42 in the U16 category and 57 in the U18 category) from eight different teams. The sports experience of the players was 6.5 ± 3.1 years. The following parameters were assessed: height, weight, body mass index, skeletal muscle mass and body fat percentage, countermovement test (CMJ) and Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test Level I. The main results showed significantly higher values in men than in women in terms of weight, height, skeletal muscle mass, distance covered in the yo-yo test, VO2max, height in CMJ and in flight time. Body fat percentage was higher in women than in men. Centers showed significantly higher height, weight and body fat percentage than other play positions. Guards and forwards covered more meters in the yo-yo test and showed higher VO2max than centers. No significant differences were found between the U16 and U18 categories in any variable. Regression models showed the influence of weight, body fat percentage, skeletal muscle mass and age on VO2max and CMJ. In conclusion, these indicators varied according to the sex and play position of the players. Additionally, this information will be useful for processes of promotion, development and training design of youth basketball in Costa Rica.
subject: Descriptive, Correlational and Qualitative studies
  topic: section
subject: basketball
  topic: keywords
subject: assessment
  topic: keywords
subject: CMJ
  topic: keywords
subject: Yo-Yo test
  topic: keywords
subject: play positions
  topic: keywords
subject: sex
  topic: keywords
creator: Randall Gutiérrez-Vargas
creator: José Alexis Ugalde-Ramírez
creator: José Pino-Ortega
creator: José Andrés Trejos-Montoya
creator: Luis Blanco-Romero
creator: Braulio Sánchez-Ureña
creator: Juan Carlos Gutiérrez-Vargas
creator: Daniel Rojas-Valverde
rights: Copyright (c) 2022 Randall Gutiérrez-Vargas, Alexis Ugalde-Ramírez, Jose Pino-Ortega, Jose Andrés Trejos-Montoya, Luis Blanco-Romero, Braulio Sánchez-Ureña, Juan Carlos Gutiérrez-Vargas, Daniel Rojas-Valverde http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2022-07-01
publication date: 2022-07-01
starting page: e48357
ending page: e48357
doi: 10.15517/pensarmov.v20i2.48357

Costa Rica without borders #26
type: item
description: In this section abstracts are published in Spanish, these manuscripts have been published by Costa Rican scientists. We make a short description for each study with its corresponding citation.
subject: Costa Rica without Borders
  topic: section
subject: Costa Rican research
  topic: keywords
rights: Copyright (c) 2022 Daniel Rojas-Valverde, Andrea Fallas Campos, Gabriela Morales Scholz; Luis Fernando Aragón Vargas http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2022-12-13
publication date: 2022-12-13
starting page: e53442
ending page: e53442
doi: 10.15517/pensarmov.v20i2.53442

[English original] Full study of characteristics of morphological adaptations in response to chronic exercise across musculoskeletal tissues: a systematic review
type: item
description: To date, there is no systematic review that summarizes the morphological adaptations of the musculoskeletal system in response to chronic exercise. This systematic review selected original articles published in English between 2000 and 2020, with a clear exercise intervention and presenting a morphological change in the tissue under study, and covering human participants irrespective of age, gender or health condition. In total, 2819 records were identified. After removal of duplicates, title and abstract screening and full-text review, 67 records were included in the final analysis (6 for inter-vertebral disc, 6 for cartilage, 36 for bone, 2 for ligament, 9 for tendon and 7 for muscle). The most used interventions were aerobic, resistance, and plyometric exercise. Population ranged from children and healthy active people to individuals with a health condition. In conclusion, as a response to chronic exercise there are morphological adaptations in the tissues of the musculoskeletal system which vary from increased stiffness to an increase in cross-sectional area. Although tissues can adapt, several questions still linger, such as optimal dose and type of exercise, whether adaptations can occur in an injured tissue, and functional implications of these adaptations. Future research should address these questions.
subject: Databases, novel methods and other complementary files
  topic: section
subject: Musculoskeletal system physiology
  topic: keywords
subject: adaptation
  topic: keywords
subject: morphology
  topic: keywords
subject: lifestyle
  topic: keywords
subject: physical activity
  topic: keywords
creator: Felix León
creator: Andres Mestre
creator: Lorelu Priego
creator: Juan Carlos Vera
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 Felix León, Andres Mestre, Lorelu Priego, Juan Carlos Vera http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-07-08
publication date: 2026-07-08
starting page: e55427
ending page: e55427
doi: 10.15517/pensarmov.v21i1.55427

Is thirst sufficient as a mechanism for achieving euhydration? A narrative review
type: item
description: The role of thirst perception for keeping hydric balance, both during and after exercise, has been extensively studied. However, the way to assess it and the effectiveness of the existing instruments are areas that still require further research. The objective of this review is to integrate, in a general way, the information available in the literature on the functioning of the thirst mechanism as a response to dehydration during and after exercise. The physiological mechanisms and their responses during and after exercise are explained. In addition, a description of the instruments available in scientific literature is included, together with their weaknesses and strengths, and a series of as yet unanswered questions in this area are raised. This review presents the theoretical aspect of thirst mechanisms, and discusses the scientific studies that support or refute the behavior of these mechanisms in exercise. Finally, a summary is made of the major conclusions drawn from the scientific literature on thirst as a sufficient mechanism to prevent dehydration both during and after exercise.
subject: Essays and reviews
  topic: section
subject: thirst perception
  topic: keywords
subject: thirst scales
  topic: keywords
subject: rehydration
  topic: keywords
subject: voluntary intake
  topic: keywords
creator: Catalina Capitán Jiménez
creator: Luis Fernando Aragón Vargas
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 Catalina Capitán Jiménez, Luis Fernando Aragón Vargas http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-07-08
publication date: 2026-07-08
starting page: e47939
ending page: e47939
doi: 10.15517/pensarmov.v21i1.47939

Compared study of physical activity, sedentary lifestyle and physical self-concept among chilean adolescents with and without special educational
type: item
description: The objective of the study was to compare the level of physical activity (PAL), sedentary lifestyle and physical self-concept in school students of both genders in the region of Araucanía (Chile) with and without Transitory Special Educational Needs (TSEN). The research has a quantitative approach with a non-experimental, cross-sectional design and a compared descriptive scope. The assessment included 43 adolescents between 15-17 years old in the region of Araucanía, with and without TSEN. The team applied the international physical activity questionnaire (IPAQ), the physical self-concept questionnaire (CAF) and the adolescent sedentary activity questionnaire (ASAQ). The main results showed that, as related to PAL, the majority of students without TSEN were situated in the medium level, while those with TSEN were situated in the lower level with significant differences between them. Concerning the sedentary lifestyle, both groups showed a highly sedentary behavior, without significant differences and with a 3415 minute average. For physical self-concept, no significant differences were observed in the comparison. The conclusion is that, while adolescents with TSEN showed a physical self-concept and sedentary behavior similar to adolescents without TSEN, their levels of physical activity were significantly lower, so that the role of the Physical Education teacher can be key in the modification of habits in physical activity and sports in adolescents with TSEN, as well as in the organization of a higher offer of inclusive sports or physical instances.
subject: Descriptive, Correlational and Qualitative studies
  topic: section
subject: physical activity
  topic: keywords
subject: teenagers
  topic: keywords
subject: physical education
  topic: keywords
subject: special education needs
  topic: keywords
rights: Copyright (c) 2022 Noemi Salvador Soler, Carlos Roberto Arriagada Hernández http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2022-09-20
publication date: 2022-09-20
starting page: e48651
ending page: e48651
doi: 10.15517/pensarmov.v20i2.48651

Editorial: The search for truth: common ground between science and religion
type: item
description: This editorial is an improved version of a lecture with the same name that was presented in the context of the Chair of Religious Studies, School of Philosophy, Universidad de Costa Rica. The importance of truth is highlighted, and a message is presented on the common ground shared by science and religion, along the same lines of previous articles and editorials published in this review on the philosophy of science. Furthermore, the editorial insists on the moral responsibility of those of us that are devoted to science, research and academia in a university milieu—the responsibility to contribute to knowledge.
subject: Editorial
  topic: section
subject: philosophy of science
  topic: keywords
subject: public health
  topic: keywords
subject: fake news
  topic: keywords
subject: epistemology
  topic: keywords
rights: Copyright (c) 2022 Luis Fernando Aragón Vargas
date: 2022-07-01
publication date: 2022-07-01
starting page: e51415
ending page: e51415
doi: 10.15517/pensarmov.v20i2.51415

Mental, physical or combined practice in motor performance and learning: a meta-analytical response
type: item
description: Practice is a key element in the process of acquiring motor skills, because it facilitates learning. This practice can be of either of two types—physical or mental. The objective of the present study is to determine the extent of effect of physical practice (PF), mental practice (PM) and combined practice (PC) throughout the process of acquisition and retention in the performance of motor skills, using a meta-analytical approach and the analysis of possible moderating variables. The random effect model was used to calculate the extent of the effect (TE). A total 24 studies were included, and a total of 150 TE was obtained, separated in four groups. In the phase of acquisition, it was found that the PF (TE = 1.75; n = 36; IC = 0.96,3.55; Q = 113; I2 = 92%), the PM (TE = 0.80; n = 36; IC = 0.50,1.09; Q = 108; I2 = 74%) and the PC (TE = 1.78; n = 22; IC = 1.39,2.18; Q = 167; I2 = 79%) improved their performance; in addition, the control group (GC) improved the performance in acquisition (TE = 0.18; n = 22; IC = 0.02,0.35; Q = 19; I2 = 0%). A meta-regression indicated that only physical, mental and combined practice significantly predict the TE. In the retention phase, neither the PF (TE = -0.97; n = 9; IC = -0.41,0.02; Q = 12; I2 = 29%), the PM (TE = 0.62; n = 6; IC = -0.19,1.45; Q = 22; I2 = 83%), the PC (TE = -0.01; n = 14; IC = -0.26,0.25; Q = 23; I2 = 46%) or the GC (TE = -0.15; n = 5; IC = -0.75,0.44; Q = 11; I2 = 66%) showed a significant change. Possible moderating variables were analyzed. The results suggest that the three types of practice improve performance in the acquisition phase, while in the retention phase they help to keep what has been learned. The PM does not replace PF; however, PF can be complemented with PM under some conditions.
subject: Experimental Research and Metaanalysis
  topic: section
subject: mental practice
  topic: keywords
subject: motor learning
  topic: keywords
subject: motor control
  topic: keywords
subject: motor skills
  topic: keywords
rights: Copyright (c) 2022 Judith Jiménez Díaz, María Morera-Castro, Karla Chaves-Castro, Priscilla Portuguez-Molina, Gerardo Araya-Vargas, Walter Salazar http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2022-11-08
publication date: 2022-11-08
starting page: e51150
ending page: e51150
doi: 10.15517/pensarmov.v20i2.51150

Physical activity, time in front of the computer, sleep hours and body mass index in adolescents in times of pandemic
type: item
description: The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in enormous changes in people’s daily life activities. The levels of physical activity have decreased, time in front of the computer has increased, and this has caused physical inactivity and sedentary lifestyles in schoolchildren. The authors’ objective was to determine the direct relationship between physical activity, time in front of the computer and sleep hours, on the one hand, and, on the other, body mass index in adolescents of ages 12-17 in the region of Puno, Peru. The approach used is quantitative, and the type of research undertaken is non-experimental with a cross-cutting design. An intentional non-probabilistic sample was applied, consisting of 485 adolescents (241 females and 224 males) with an average age of (14.14 ± 1.34). The instruments used were the physical activity questionnaire, the time in front of the computer with Cronbach’s Alpha reliability analysis of .918 and .862, plus the self-report of body weight and standing height. Results: 20.65% of females show a low physical activity level, while high physical activity is predominant in 9.87% of males; 14.19% of females spend more time in front of the computer during the week (6-7 hours per day), in contrast with males (12.26%); 23.66% of females show overweight and 5.81% of them show obesity, while for males these percentages are 20% and 3.23%. An inversely proportional Spearman Rho correlation of -0.167 and p < .01 exists. The conclusion is that the body mass index increases with less physical activity.
subject: Descriptive, Correlational and Qualitative studies
  topic: section
subject: COVID-19
  topic: keywords
subject: physical activity
  topic: keywords
subject: teenagers
  topic: keywords
subject: health
  topic: keywords
subject: sedentary lifestyles
  topic: keywords
rights: Copyright (c) 2022 Alcides Flores Paredes, Daniel Coila Pancca
date: 2022-07-19
publication date: 2022-07-19
starting page: e49626
ending page: e49626
doi: 10.15517/pensarmov.v20i2.49626

Perception of quality of life in chilean para-athletes and non-athletes with brain injury
type: item
description: Quality of life (QOL) and physical activity are relevant aspects in the health of the population, and the latter has a positive impact on people with disabilities. For this reason, the objectives of this study were to compare the characteristics and identify the association between the domains of QOL perception between a group of people with brain injury who practice soccer, para-athletes (PD) and non-para-athletes with brain injury (NPD), as well as to determine if there are differences in the perception of QOL according to the different sports classes (FT1, FT2 and FT3). The study was carried out in Chile, where the WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire was applied to determine the QOL of participants. The results identified a positive and significant relationship between the different domains of QOL (p < .001, r = .44 - .67). In addition, a better perception of QoL was observed in the PDs (p < .001, TE = 1.18, large) compared to that reported by the NPD group. On the other hand, no significant differences between domains were obtained for the different sport classes in the PD group. These data reinforce the idea that sport practice influences social participation and perception of QoL in PD with brain injury. The joint development of the factors associated between health and socioemotional well-being could collaborate in the consolidation of sports practice and physical activity, which, in turn, are beneficial for people with disabilities, as proposed by the Sustainable Development Goals in their work agenda foreseen for the year 2030.
subject: Descriptive, Correlational and Qualitative studies
  topic: section
subject: disabilities
  topic: keywords
subject: cerebral palsy
  topic: keywords
subject: quality of life
  topic: keywords
subject: football
  topic: keywords
subject: brain injuries
  topic: keywords
rights: Copyright (c) 2022 Maria Isabel Cornejo, Matías Henríquez, Felipe Herrera, Fernando Muñoz, Nathalia Bernardes, José Ricardo Auricchio, Luis Felipe Castelli Correia de Campos
date: 2022-07-26
publication date: 2022-07-26
starting page: e49229
ending page: e49229
doi: 10.15517/pensarmov.v20i2.49229

[English original] Accessibility perception of chilean para-athletes, road to Santiago 2023
type: item
description: The objective of this research is three-fold: 1) to understand Para-athletes’ perceptions on accessibility regarding Santiago 2023 Parapan American games’ future venues, 2) to establish differences in perception due to the origin of the disability, and 3) document alignment, if any, with athletes with high support needs (AHSN). This research is a two-phased quantitative cross-sectional study, which at the first stage developed the “Para-athletes Perception on Accessibility Survey” (PPA-D) and, at the second stage, the survey was applied to 96 Chilean Para-athletes (77.8% men, mean age = 31.0 ± 11.6 years old). The test obtained a validation coefficient of = 0.96. Regarding the sample characteristics, 16.6% corresponded to participants with visual impairment, 35.1% were AHSN, 51.5% were linked to high-level competition, and 59.3% travelled on their own to their training sessions. A negative perception of accessibility was found, mainly concerning minibuses, elevators, and restroom spaces, affecting mostly AHSN with visual impairment (F1.101 = 14.01, p = .0003). We conclude that it is important to address gender, disability, and AHSN gaps to guarantee equitable participation under a framework of the law and social rights.
subject: Descriptive, Correlational and Qualitative studies
  topic: section
subject: athletes with disabilities
  topic: keywords
subject: paralympic sport
  topic: keywords
subject: accessibility
  topic: keywords
subject: sports
  topic: keywords
creator: Nicolás Contreras Jofré
creator: José Pinochet Gilli
creator: Enrique Aguayo Carrasco
creator: Matías Binimelis Hermosilla
creator: Sebastián Perez Nuñez
creator: Rodrigo Vergara Ortuzar
creator: Fernando Ignacio Muñoz Hinrichsen
rights: Copyright (c) 2022 Nicolás Contreras Jofré, José Pinochet Gilli, Enrique Aguayo Carrasco, Matías Binimelis Hermosilla, Sebastián Perez Nuñez, Rodrigo Vergara Ortuzar, Fernando Ignacio Muñoz Hinrichsen http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2022-11-08
publication date: 2022-11-08
starting page: e49265
ending page: e49265
doi: 10.15517/pensarmov.v20i2.49265

Physical activity for adults and senior adults: The institutional program of Universidad de Costa Rica
type: item
description: The purpose of this article is to present the evolution of the Human Movement Module (HMM) of the IPSA and the impact this has had on the attention to senior adults (SA). The first university for senior adults originated in Toulouse, France, in the early 70’s, and it is thanks to Dr. Alfonso Trejos Willis that the Institutional Program for Adults and Senior Adults (IPSA) has existed for 35 years at Universidad de Costa Rica. Based on the premise of “education throughout life,” the University offers to Costa Rican citizens a valuable return in opening opportunities to this age group. Over time, the Program underwent a transformation in response to the needs and social changes of the Costa Rican population, in which the importance of keeping adults and senior adults active is expressed. As a result, the Human Movement Module (HMM) emerged, headed by facilitators that offer their courses pro bono. In this module, the courses were adapted to a virtual format in order to make them available to the senior adult population, a group that has been considered at risk due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
subject: News in Motion
  topic: section
subject: senior adults
  topic: keywords
subject: physical activity
  topic: keywords
subject: exercise
  topic: keywords
subject: education
  topic: keywords
rights: Copyright (c) 2022 Maribel Matamoros Sánchez http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2022-11-10
publication date: 2022-11-10
starting page: e50951
ending page: e50951
doi: 10.15517/pensarmov.v20i2.50951

[Spanish translation] Unique features of physical education – a look at evaluation
type: item
description: Evaluation of learning is integrated into all curricular components, including Physical Education, which deals with knowledge related to bodily culture, such as play and games, gymnastics, dancing, sports, wrestling and adventure activities. Seeking to better understand the characteristics of evaluative activities developed by physical education teachers, a descriptive study with a qualitative approach was carried out in the municipal territory of Marechal Cândido Rondon, State of Paraná, Brazil. The data were obtained by applying a semi-structured interview, which was considered valid in terms of language clarity, practical relevance and theoretical significance. Data collection took place between August and October, 2017, at school facilities. The data were analyzed qualitatively through the content analysis technique, and classified into evaluation functions, number of evaluations carried out per quarter, instruments/procedures, evaluation criteria and difficulties that came up during the evaluation process. The results showed that the evaluation process was both formal and informal, and was carried out through tests and papers, presented as a requirement of the school and focused on examining the appropriation of theoretical or conceptual knowledge, as well as through observation by the teacher. They were focused on analyzing the motion and technical evolution of each student, in addition to assessing their participation and involvement in the classroom. Generally speaking, the evaluation developed by the teachers sought to respond to the determinations of the school system and the unique features of knowledge related to body culture that are approached in this discipline.
subject: Descriptive, Correlational and Qualitative studies
  topic: section
subject: physical education teachers
  topic: keywords
subject: school evaluation
  topic: keywords
subject: Brazil
  topic: keywords
rights: Copyright (c) 2022 Evandra Hein Mendes, Nilmar Defreyn
date: 2022-08-18
publication date: 2022-08-18
starting page: e52061
ending page: e52061
doi: 10.15517/pensarmov.v20i2.52061

[Spanish translation] Understanding the dimensions of athlete brand authenticity
type: item
description: The management of an athlete brand is challenging due to the complex nature of athlete career and life. Striving to maintain brand authenticity will promote long-term sustainability of the brand. The purpose of the study is to determine possible factors that contribute to athlete brand authenticity and help athletes to develop their brand more authentically. To understand the concept of athlete brand authenticity, a systematic literature review was conducted on various electronic databases. The study opted the five-step stages of the framework for this systematic review. A total of 76 attributes were identified from past studies that analyzed the attributes of brand authenticity for various brands. After merging interrelated attributes, the final number of unique attributes was 23. These attributes were distributed among three major themes: on-field activities, off-field activities and marketing activities of an athlete. The study finds brand authenticity to be a multi-dimensional and complex process that endures for longer extensive periods of an athlete’s career. The current study also highlights the complications related to an athlete brand that occur when establishing athlete brand authenticity. Therefore, this study provides an opportunity to refine athlete brand authenticity further within the discussed domains.
subject: Systematic review
  topic: section
subject: branding
  topic: keywords
subject: athletes
  topic: keywords
subject: sports management
  topic: keywords
subject: athlete brand
  topic: keywords
rights: Copyright (c) 2022 Ali Hasaan, Mücahit Fişne http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2022-10-24
publication date: 2022-10-24
starting page: e52786
ending page: e52786
doi: 10.15517/pensarmov.v20i2.52786

Data base of Effect of aerobic exercise on cardiorespiratory capacity in survivors of covid-19: meta-analysis
type: item
description: The purpose of this study was to quantify the effect size (TE) of aerobic exercise on cardiorespiratory capacity in survivors of the COVID-19 disease caused by the SARS-CoV 2 virus. Two data bases (EBNSCO host and PubMed) were reviewed over the months of August through November, 2021. A total 142 656 potential articles were reviewed and, after applying several filters, 9 studies that met the requirements for inclusion were included. The random effect model was used. A first meta-analysis that was biased (according to Egger test) obtained 12 TE. After identifying and eliminating groups with an extreme TE, a corrected, unbiased model was obtained with 7 studies and 9 TE was obtained, where it was found that aerobic exercise has a significant, positive and large-magnitude effect on the cardiorespiratory condition on survivors of the COVID-19 disease (TE = 0.849; IC95%: 0.715 – 0.9 82; Q = 7.13; p = 0.522; I2 = 0.87%; Egger p = 0.205). Interventions with aerobic exercise foster an improvement in cardiorespiratory capacity in patients who survived COVID-19. Two studies applied aerobic exercise only, whereas the other seven combined aerobic exercise with strength exercise and other modes. In all cases, a significant TE was obtained. Finally, these results were relatively homogeneous, with no evidence for the influence of possible moderating variables.
subject: Databases, novel methods and other complementary files
  topic: section
subject: COVID-19
  topic: keywords
subject: aerobic exercises
  topic: keywords
subject: cardiorespiratory fitness
  topic: keywords
creator: Hibsen Alonso Jiménez-Rodríguez
creator: Gerardo Araya Vargas
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 Hibsen Alonso Jiménez-Rodríguez, Gerardo Araya Araya http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-07-08
publication date: 2026-07-08
doi: 10.15517/pensarmov.v21i1.54942

[English original] Two decades of research in human movement science in Costa Rica: future growth and development
type: item
description: This manuscript provides a thorough analysis of the two-decade study of human movement science in Costa Rica, emphasizing the noteworthy expansion and advancement of the field. To enhance athletic performance, avoid injuries, treat diseases, and encourage physical exercise, researchers in Costa Rica have developed in-depth analyses, from the basic mechanics of human movement to the development of novel methods and technologies to do so. This article also looks at the potential for Costa Rica to become a leader in the field of human movement science research in the region, as well as its future growth and development. To spur innovation and enhance the outcomes of this research, the author discusses the significance of collaboration with specialists from across the world as well as the requirement for ongoing investment in research and development. The future challenges section provides keys to maintaining the exponential growth of recent years to foster development in issues such as the participation of women in the area, the permanent renewal of study plans, and the incorporation of cross-cutting axes of systematization and research in academic and labour processes. Finally, this study offers a path for the development of human movement science research in Costa Rica, with the potential to significantly move forward in the worldwide endeavour to enhance human movement, performance, and health.
subject: News in Motion
  topic: section
subject: sports medicine
  topic: keywords
subject: physical activity
  topic: keywords
subject: Costa Rica
  topic: keywords
creator: Daniel Rojas-Valverde
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 Daniel Rojas-Valverde http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-07-08
publication date: 2026-07-08
starting page: e54629
ending page: e54629
doi: 10.15517/pensarmov.v21i1.54629

[Spanish translation] Anthropometric, aerobic and muscle power profile of young costa rican basketball players
type: item
description: The purpose of this study was to describe an anthropometric, aerobic and muscle power profile of young Costa Rican basketball players according to sex, play positions and age. The assessment was carried outa on 99 young players (43 women and 56 men; 18 guards, 51 forwards and 30 centers; 42 in the U16 category and 57 in the U18 category) from eight different teams. The sports experience of the players was 6.5 ± 3.1 years. The following parameters were assessed: height, weight, body mass index, skeletal muscle mass and body fat percentage, countermovement test (CMJ) and Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test Level I. The main results showed significantly higher values in men than in women in terms of weight, height, skeletal muscle mass, distance covered in the yo-yo test, VO2max, height in CMJ and in flight time. Body fat percentage was higher in women than in men. Centers showed significantly higher height, weight and body fat percentage than other play positions. Guards and forwards covered more meters in the yo-yo test and showed higher VO2max than centers. No significant differences were found between the U16 and U18 categories in any variable. Regression models showed the influence of weight, body fat percentage, skeletal muscle mass and age on VO2max and CMJ. In conclusion, these indicators varied according to the sex and play position of the players. Additionally, this information will be useful for processes of promotion, development and training design of youth basketball in Costa Rica.
subject: Descriptive, Correlational and Qualitative studies
  topic: section
subject: basketball
  topic: keywords
subject: assessment
  topic: keywords
subject: CMJ
  topic: keywords
subject: Yo-Yo Test
  topic: keywords
subject: play positions
  topic: keywords
subject: sex
  topic: keywords
creator: Randall Gutiérrez-Vargas
creator: José Alexis Ugalde-Ramírez
creator: José Pino-Ortega
creator: José Andrés Trejos-Moya
creator: Luis Blanco-Romero
creator: Braulio Sánchez-Ureña
creator: Juan Carlos Gutiérrez-Vargas
creator: Daniel Rojas-Valverde
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 Randall Gutiérrez-Vargas, José Alexis Ugalde-Ramírez, José Pino-Ortega, José Andrés Trejos-Moya, Luis Blanco-Romero, Braulio Sánchez-Ureña, Juan Carlos Gutiérrez-Vargas, Daniel Rojas-Valverde http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-07-08
publication date: 2026-07-08
starting page: e53772
ending page: e53772
doi: 10.15517/pensarmov.v21i1.53772

Effect of aerobic exercise on the cardiorespiratory capacity in survivors of covid-19: meta-analysis
type: item
description: The purpose of this study was to quantify the effect size (TE) of aerobic exercise on cardiorespiratory capacity in survivors of the COVID-19 disease caused by the SARS-CoV 2 virus. Two data bases (EBNSCO host and PubMed) were reviewed over the months of August through November, 2021. A total 142 656 potential articles were reviewed and, after applying several filters, 9 studies that met the requirements for inclusion were included. The random effect model was used. A first meta-analysis that was biased (according to Egger test) obtained 12 TE. After identifying and eliminating groups with an extreme TE, a corrected, unbiased model was obtained with 7 studies and 9 TE was obtained, where it was found that aerobic exercise has a significant, positive and large-magnitude effect on the cardiorespiratory condition on survivors of the COVID-19 disease (TE = 0.849; IC95%: 0.715 – 0.9 82; Q = 7.13; p = 0.522; I2 = 0.87%; Egger p = 0.205). Interventions with aerobic exercise foster an improvement in cardiorespiratory capacity in patients who survived COVID-19. Two studies applied aerobic exercise only, whereas the other seven combined aerobic exercise with strength exercise and other modes. In all cases, a significant TE was obtained. Finally, these results were relatively homogeneous, with no evidence for the influence of possible moderating variables.
subject: Experimental Research and Metaanalysis
  topic: section
subject: COVID-19
  topic: keywords
subject: aerobic exercise
  topic: keywords
subject: cardiorespiratory capacity
  topic: keywords
creator: Hibsen Alonso Jiménez-Rodríguez
creator: Gerardo Araya Vargas
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 Hibsen Alonso Jiménez-Rodríguez, Gerardo Araya Araya http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-07-08
publication date: 2026-07-08
starting page: e53531
ending page: e53531
doi: 10.15517/pensarmov.v21i1.53531

The publication of data sets through scientific journals: the case of Pensar en Movimiento
type: item
description: Scientific publishing has evolved, and academic journals have evolved with it—initially in printed versions, and currently in electronic ones. This has resulted in a series of changes in management processes. For instance, the movements for open access and science have emerged. The purpose of this editorial is to present an overview of the publication of data sets, its importance and advantages, in addition to showing the initiative of Pensar en Movimiento to make available the data bases that go along with research articles.
subject: Editorial
  topic: section
subject: open science
  topic: keywords
subject: open data
  topic: keywords
subject: scientific publishing
  topic: keywords
creator: Melissa Varela-Briceño
rights: Copyright (c) 2022 Melissa Varela-Briceño http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-07-08
publication date: 2026-07-08
starting page: e53446
ending page: e53446
doi: 10.15517/pensarmov.v21i1.53446

Data base of Relationship between process- and product-oriented assessments of actual motor performance: a meta-analysis
type: item
description: Motor performance is often assessed in two different ways. The first of them focuses on how the skill is carried out, whereas the second records the product obtained after execution. While both are widely used, the relationship between them is not clear. The objective of the present study is to determine the relationship between the results of process- or product-oriented tests that are used to measure actual motor performance, and to examine possible moderating variables through the meta-analytic technique. In order to sum up the products, the random effect model (REML) was used and the effect size (TE) of the correlation was calculated. A total seven studies met the criteria for eligibility, and a total 37 TE were obtained. It was found that a significant and positive relationship exists between process- and product-evaluated performance (TE = 0.466; IC95% = 0.391, 0.541; p < .001; n = 37; Q = 78.68; p < .001; I2 = 60.17%). Age and skill type were analyzed as possible moderating variables. The results suggest that a relationship exists between process- and product-oriented assessments of actual motor performance, while age and the type of skill have no influence on that relationship.
subject: Databases, novel methods and other complementary files
  topic: section
subject: motor skills
  topic: keywords
subject: motor development
  topic: keywords
subject: asessment
  topic: keywords
subject: basic movement patterns
  topic: keywords
creator: Judith Jiménez-Díaz
creator: Karla Chaves-Castro
creator: Elizabeth Carpio-Rivera
rights: Copyright (c) 2022 Judith Jiménez Díaz, Karla Chaves-Castro, Elizabeth Carpio Rivera http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-07-08
publication date: 2026-07-08
doi: 10.15517/pensarmov.v21i1.53384

Physical activity in Costa Rican urban population and its relationship to socio-demographic and anthropometric patterns
type: item
description: The objective of this study was to describe the amount of physical activity carried out by Costa Rican urban population and to determine its relationship to socio-demographic and anthropometric variables. A representative sample of Costa Rican urban population, made up by 798 individuals, was analyzed. The physical activity data (displacement, free time and total) were taken through the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). Participants were classified as active or inactive according to the internationally recommendation of physical activity. 37.1% of participants did not meet the recommendations. It was also observed that the time of physical activity was significantly longer (p< .001) in men (535.3 vs. 371.3 min/week) in younger people (584.3 min/week in the 15-19 years old group vs. 309.2 min/week in the 50-65 years old group) and in people that were not overweight (521.3 vs. 411.7 min/week). The waist circumference was significantly lower in active people (90.6 vs. 94.1 cm, p < .011), and active men also showed a lower neck circumference (38.2 vs. 39.6 cm, p < .001), lower weight (75.7 vs. 79.3 kg, p = .025) and a lower body mass index (26.1 vs. 27.9 kg/m2, p = .004). These results could be used to raise awareness on the need for improvement in the implementation of global policies and practices to promote physical activity.
subject: Descriptive, Correlational and Qualitative studies
  topic: section
subject: physical activity
  topic: keywords
subject: sedentary lifestyle
  topic: keywords
subject: public health
  topic: keywords
subject: Costa Rica
  topic: keywords
creator: Georgina Gómez
creator: Elvira Salas Hidalgo
creator: Amed Sheik Oreamuno
creator: Gerson Ferrari de Morais
rights: Copyright (c) 2022 Georgina Gómez, Elvira Salas Hidalgo, Amed Sheik Oreamuno, Gerson Ferrari de Morais http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-07-08
publication date: 2026-07-08
starting page: e51602
ending page: e51602
doi: 10.15517/pensarmov.v21i1.51602

[English original] Morphological adaptations in response to chronic exercise across musculoskeletal tissues: a systematic review
type: item
description: To date, there is no systematic review that summarizes the morphological adaptations of the musculoskeletal system in response to chronic exercise. This systematic review selected original articles published in English between 2000 and 2020, with a clear exercise intervention and presenting a morphological change in the tissue under study, and covering human participants irrespective of age, gender or health condition. In total, 2819 records were identified. After removal of duplicates, title and abstract screening and full-text review, 67 records were included in the final analysis (6 for inter-vertebral disc, 6 for cartilage, 36 for bone, 2 for ligament, 9 for tendon and 7 for muscle). The most used interventions were aerobic, resistance, and plyometric exercise. Population ranged from children and healthy active people to individuals with a health condition. In conclusion, as a response to chronic exercise there are morphological adaptations in the tissues of the musculoskeletal system which vary from increased stiffness to an increase in cross-sectional area. Although tissues can adapt, several questions still linger, such as optimal dose and type of exercise, whether adaptations can occur in an injured tissue, and functional implications of these adaptations. Future research should address these questions.
subject: Systematic review
  topic: section
subject: Musculoskeletal system physiology
  topic: keywords
subject: adaptation
  topic: keywords
subject: morphology
  topic: keywords
subject: lifestyle
  topic: keywords
subject: physical activity
  topic: keywords
creator: Felix León
creator: Andres Mestre
creator: Lorelu Priego
creator: Juan Carlos Vera
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 Felix León, Andres Mestre, Lorelu Priego, Juan Carlos Vera http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-07-08
publication date: 2026-07-08
starting page: e51450
ending page: e51450
doi: 10.15517/pensarmov.v21i1.51450

Level of motor coordination in children participating in the integral sports schools program of chile’s sports ministry
type: item
description: In recent years, it has been identified that low general motor coordination affects low participation in instances of free play, organized and free sports activities. In turn, a better motor domain is related to a low level of sedentary lifestyle and therefore a higher level of physical activity. Goal. To compare the level of general motor coordination of boys and girls participating in the Sports Initiation component of the "Comprehensive Sports Schools" program of the Chilean Ministry of Sports ("Learning in Movement" since 2019) with those of a control group, in different regions of Chile. . Methodology. In relation to the sample, 417 boys and girls were evaluated (341 EDI group and 76 control group) from eight regions of the country (Antofagasta, Coquimbo, Valparaíso, O`Higgins, Metropolitana, Bío - Bío, Araucanía and Los Lagos) whose ages fluctuated between 6 and 11 years of age. To collect information, the 3JS instrument was used, consisting of seven tasks (3 for locomotion and 4 for object control). Results. Males have better performance than females in general motor coordination. By grouping the test items according to the type of coordination, they also outperform the ladies in locomotion and object control. Boys and girls from the Los Lagos region perform better in six of the seven tests. The boys and girls who participated in the program (EDI group) obtained better results than the control group, in five of the seven tests. Conclusion. Boys outperform girls in locomotor coordination and object control tests, as well as in general motor coordination scores. The boys and girls of the EDI program outperform their peers who do not participate in these instances, evidencing a greater difference in tests that require throwing, precision and obstacle draw.
subject: Descriptive, Correlational and Qualitative studies
  topic: section
subject: motor coordination, motor development, locomotion, objetc control.
  topic: keywords
creator: Juan Gabriel Hurtado Almonacid
creator: Jacqueline Páez Herrera
creator: Rosita Abusleme Allimant
creator: Francisco Olate Gómez
creator: Sofía Follegati Shore
creator: Victor Briones Oyanedel
creator: Vicente Mallea Díaz
rights: Copyright (c) 2022 Juan Gabriel Hurtado Almonacid, Jacqueline Páez Herrera, Rosita Abusleme Allimant, Francisco Olate Gómez, Sofía Follegati Shore, Victor Briones Oyanedel, Vicente Mallea Díaz http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-07-08
publication date: 2026-07-08
starting page: e51279
ending page: e51279
doi: 10.15517/pensarmov.v21i1.51279

Relationship between process- and product-oriented assessments of actual motor performance: a meta-analysis
type: item
description: Motor performance is often assessed in two different ways. The first of them focuses on how the skill is carried out, whereas the second records the product obtained after execution. While both are widely used, the relationship between them is not clear. The objective of the present study is to determine the relationship between the results of process- or product-oriented tests that are used to measure actual motor performance, and to examine possible moderating variables through the meta-analytic technique. In order to sum up the products, the random effect model (REML) was used and the effect size (TE) of the correlation was calculated. A total seven studies met the criteria for eligibility, and a total 37 TE were obtained. It was found that a significant and positive relationship exists between process- and product-evaluated performance (TE = 0.466; IC95% = 0.391, 0.541; p < .001; n = 37; Q = 78.68; p < .001; I2 = 60.17%). Age and skill type were analyzed as possible moderating variables. The results suggest that a relationship exists between process- and product-oriented assessments of actual motor performance, while age and the type of skill have no influence on that relationship.
subject: Experimental Research and Metaanalysis
  topic: section
subject: motor skills
  topic: keywords
subject: motor development
  topic: keywords
subject: assesment
  topic: keywords
subject: basic movement patterns
  topic: keywords
creator: Judith Jiménez-Díaz
creator: Karla Chaves-Castro
creator: Elizabeth Carpio-Rivera
rights: Copyright (c) 2022 Judith Jiménez Díaz, Karla Chaves-Castro, Elizabeth Carpio-Rivera http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-07-08
publication date: 2026-07-08
starting page: e50325
ending page: e50325
doi: 10.15517/pensarmov.v21i1.50325

[Portuguese translation] Editorial: What is the Language of Science? New Consensus Statements in Spanish
type: item
description: Reflections are presented about the publication of the first two consensus statements in Spanish. Publication of this type of information is key to promote evidence-based practice in human movement science professionals.
subject: Editorial
  topic: section
subject: multilingual publication
  topic: keywords
subject: science communication
  topic: keywords
subject: translation
  topic: keywords
creator: Luis Fernando Aragón Vargas
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 Luis Fernando Aragón Vargas http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-07-07
publication date: 2026-07-07
starting page: e58039
ending page: e58039
doi: 10.15517/pensarmov.v21i2.58039

[Spanish original] What is the Language of Science? New Consensus Statements in Spanish
type: item
description: Reflections are presented about the publication of the first two consensus statements in Spanish. Publication of this type of information is key to promote evidence-based practice in human movement science professionals.
subject: Editorial
  topic: section
subject: multilingual publication
  topic: keywords
subject: science communication
  topic: keywords
subject: translation
  topic: keywords
creator: Luis Fernando Aragón Vargas
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 Luis Fernando Aragón Vargas http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-07-07
publication date: 2026-07-07
starting page: e57874
ending page: e57874
doi: 10.15517/pensarmov.v21i2.57874

Data base of Maximum heart rate prediction equations fail key external validation test
type: item
description: Maximum heart rate (HRmax) equations have been used due to their simplicity and practicality, in comparison with stress tests. However, the best known “220-age” equation presents: low reliability and deviations of up to 12 beats/min. New formulas have been proposed, but these have not been correctly validated. The purpose of this study was to validate 7 prediction equations using an independent database. A database of 634 subjects (474 ​​men and 160 women) aged 18-85 years, obtained as part of a health service developed at the University of Michigan between 1990-1992, was used. Subjects performed a VO2max test on a treadmill, following a free protocol. The linear regression technique was used, in which the appropriate equations were those that met the 2 hypotheses: slope=1 and constant=0. According to the results, none of the equations analyzed for the entire sample accepted both hypotheses. When carrying out the analysis divided by sex, six of them met the two hypotheses for women, but none for men; and when performed divided by age group, 4 of the equations mee the hypotheses for the group of people with 40 years or younger, but not for the group of people over 40 years. HRmax. seems to be difficult to predict using a single equation, hence it is recommended that when a valid measure of this variable is needed, a stress test should be used.
subject: Databases, novel methods and other complementary files
  topic: section
subject: exercise tests
  topic: keywords
subject: stress tests
  topic: keywords
subject: healtgh
  topic: keywords
creator: Priscilla Portuguez Molina
creator: Luis Fernando Aragón Vargas
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 Priscilla Portuguez Molina, Luis Fernando Aragón Vargas http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-07-07
publication date: 2026-07-07
doi: 10.15517/pensarmov.v21i2.57737

The Exercise and Sports Science Australia position statement: Exercise medicine in cancer management
type: item
description: Since Exercise and Sports Science Australia (ESSA) ﬁrst published its position statement on exercise guidelines for people with cancer, there has been exponential growth in research evaluating the role of exercise pre-, during and post-cancer treatment. Design and Methods: The purpose of this report is to use the current scientiﬁc evidence, alongside clinical experience and exercise science principles to update ESSA’s position statement on cancer-speciﬁc exercise prescription. Results: Reported in this position statement is a summary of the beneﬁts accrued through exercise following a cancer diagnosis and the strengths and limitations of this evidence-base. An exercise prescription framework is then proposed to enable the application of cancer-speciﬁc considerations for individualisation, speciﬁcity, safety, feasibility and progression of exercise for all patients. Additional speciﬁc exercise prescription considerations are provided for the presence of haematological, musculoskeletal, systemic, cardiovascular, lymphatic, gastrointestinal, genitourinary and neurological disease- and treatment-related concerns, as well as presence of co-morbid chronic disease. Further, we also identify and discuss cancer-speciﬁc pragmatic issues and barriers requiring consideration for exercise prescription. Conclusions: While for the majority, multimodal, moderate to high intensity exercise will be appropriate, there is no set prescription and total weekly dosage that would be considered evidence-based for all cancer patients. Targeted exercise prescription, which includes the provision of behaviour change advice and support, is needed to ensure greatest beneﬁt (as deﬁned by the patient) in the short and longer term, with low risk of harm.
subject: Guidelines and Consensus Statements
  topic: section
subject: exercise
  topic: keywords
subject: cancer
  topic: keywords
subject: guidelines
  topic: keywords
subject: prescription
  topic: keywords
subject: survivor
  topic: keywords
subject: patient
  topic: keywords
creator: Sandra C. Hayes
creator: Robert U. Newton
creator: Rosalind R. Spence
creator: Daniel A. Galvão
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 Sandra C. Hayes, Robert U. Newton, Rosalind R. Spence, Daniel A. Galvão http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-07-07
publication date: 2026-07-07
starting page: e57059
ending page: e57059
doi: 10.15517/pensarmov.v21i2.57059

[Spanish translation] Accessibility perception of chilean para-athletes, road to Santiago 2023
type: item
description: The objective of this research is three-fold: 1) to understand Para-athletes’ perceptions on accessibility regarding Santiago 2023 Parapan American games’ future venues, 2) to establish differences in perception due to the origin of the disability, and 3) document alignment, if any, with athletes with high support needs (AHSN). This research is a two-phased quantitative cross-sectional study, which at the first stage developed the “Para-athletes Perception on Accessibility Survey” (PPA-D) and, at the second stage, the survey was applied to 96 Chilean Para-athletes (77.8% men, mean age = 31.0 ± 11.6 years old). The test obtained a validation coefficient of = 0.96. Regarding the sample characteristics, 16.6% corresponded to participants with visual impairment, 35.1% were AHSN, 51.5% were linked to high-level competition, and 59.3% travelled on their own to their training sessions. A negative perception of accessibility was found, mainly concerning minibuses, elevators, and restroom spaces, affecting mostly AHSN with visual impairment (F1.101 = 14.01, p = .0003). We conclude that it is important to address gender, disability, and AHSN gaps to guarantee equitable participation under a framework of the law and social rights.
subject: Descriptive, Correlational and Qualitative studies
  topic: section
subject: athletes with disabilities
  topic: keywords
subject: paralympic sport
  topic: keywords
subject: accessibility, sports
  topic: keywords
creator: Nicolás Felipe Contreras Jofré
creator: José Ignacio Pinochet Gilli
creator: Enrique Alejandro Aguayo Carrasco
creator: Matías Binimelis Hermosilla
creator: Sebastián Benjamín Pérez Nuñez
creator: Rodrigo Clemente Vergara Ortúzar
creator: Fernando Muñoz Hinrichsen
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 Nicolás Felipe Contreras Jofré, José Ignacio Pinochet Gilli, Enrique Alejandro Aguayo Carrasco, Matías Binimelis Hermosilla, Sebastián Benjamín Pérez Nuñez, Rodrigo Clemente Vergara Ortúzar, Fernando Muñoz Hinrichsen http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-07-07
publication date: 2026-07-07
starting page: e56632
ending page: e56632
doi: 10.15517/pensarmov.v21i2.56632

Physical activity in the management of obesity in adults: A position statement from Exercise and Sport Science Australia
type: item
description: This Position Statement examines the evidence for physical activity in weight and adiposity loss, prevention of weight and adiposity gain, and in weight regain in adults, and provides guidance on implications for exercise practitioners. Research evidence indicates that >150 min but preferably 300 min per week of aerobic activity of at least moderate intensity is required to prevent weight and adiposity gain, and at least the upper end of this range of activity to prevent weight regain after weight loss. For meaningful weight and total adiposity loss, a minimum of 300–420 min per week of aerobic activity of at least moderate intensity is required. The evidence around the volume of aerobic physical activity required to reduce central adiposity is emerging, and research suggests that it may be substantially less than that required for weight loss. The impact of high-intensity physical activity and resistance exercise for weight management is uncertain. During consultations for weight management, exercise practitioners should advise that metabolic and cardiovascular health beneﬁts can be achieved with physical activity at any weight, and irrespective of weight change.
subject: Guidelines and Consensus Statements
  topic: section
subject: weight loss
  topic: keywords
subject: exercise
  topic: keywords
subject: training
  topic: keywords
subject: abdominal adiposity
  topic: keywords
subject: adiposity
  topic: keywords
subject: body composition
  topic: keywords
creator: Nathan A. Johnson
creator: Rachelle N. Sultana
creator: Wendy J. Brown
creator: Adrian E. Bauman
creator: Tim Gill
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 Nathan A. Johnson, Rachelle N. Sultana, Wendy J. Brown, Adrian E. Bauman, Tim Gill http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-07-07
publication date: 2026-07-07
starting page: e57055
ending page: e57055
doi: 10.15517/pensarmov.v21i2.57055