Población y Salud en Mesoamérica is an academic electronic journal, published biannually and of continued publication by the Centro Centroamericano de Población in collaboration with the Instituto de Investigaciones en Salud (INISA) and whose publisher is the University of Costa Rica. The main objective of this publication is the dissemination of research on population from demographic perspective, and public health. This journal is registered and indexed in important international indexes. E-mail contact: revista.ccp@ucr.ac.cr URL OAI-PMH: https://revistas.ucr.ac.cr/index.php/psm/oai
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Caracterization of migration from Venezuela to Colombia and its influence on family reunification
This research characterizes Venezuelan migration to Colombia, according to sex, educational level, work activity and by geographical area of ​​the migrants and the times of household reunification. Based on the results of the Colombian Population and Housing Census 2018 (CNPV-2018), the demographic profile of migrants is analyzed, and the characteristic forms of household reunification of Venezuelans in Colombia are examined based on migration times using estimators. Kaplan-Meier and Cox models are used, which allow us to identify that factors such as age, educational level, year of arrival and economic activity are determinants of said reunification times. The research identified that the increase in migration from Venezuela has been decisive in the recent transition of the structure of the Colombian population according to age and sex, as it is concentrated in intermediate ages and with a differentiated profile in the main cities. Likewise, it was possible to identify that the recent Venezuelan migration pattern can be classified as family-type, with emphasis on productive and reproductive ages, and a high presence of minors, and that the still active ties with spouses, children and, in general, relatives who were pioneers in the migratory process is a factor that plays a fundamental role in the differences in the propensities to migrate by households and their members.
Copyright (c) 2022 J. Sebastian Ruiz-Santacruz, Elizabeth Castellanos, César Andrés Cristancho Fajardo https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Methodology for Group Bonding Nutritional Counseling
Introduction: This essay presents the methodology for Group Bonding Nutritional Counseling (GBNC), which has been developed at the School of Nutrition at the University of Costa Rica in recent decades. In relation to GBNC, the objectives are: 1) To present the epistemological foundations; 2) To show the methodology on how to develop the group bonding nutritional counseling; and 3) To describe the desirable soft skills for the facilitator in a group bonding nutritional counseling process. GBNC’s conceptual approach is centered on the patient as a person exercising their autonomy and agency over their life, and how GBNC helps in the resolution of obstacles for better treatment adherence. GBNC´s methodological approach is based on Pichon-Rivière’s operative groups which was adapted for nutritional counseling. Proposition: GBNC goes beyond group interactive nutrition education and includes all the steps to nutritional care, including individual follow ups. GBNC’s methodology has robust theoretical background, as well as adequate settings for its implementation, evaluation, and use. Arguments for discussion: For the past decades, the School of Nutrition at the University of Costa Rica has developed the methodological framework for GBNC: from its theory foundation, useful soft skills for the facilitator to conduct, guide and support groups to focus on the task, and proficiently to handle the vectors of group dynamics. GBNC is useful for people to work on improving their health as it allows them to face daily barriers they encounter. Conclusions: GBNC has great methodological potential for group support in the treatment of adults with chronic diseases; it is inexpensive and improves time management and human resources in nutritional care. In addition, it allows patients to exercise their autonomy, agency, and problem-solving skills in a safe space, within the containment of the group and the nutritionist.
Copyright (c) 2022 Nadia Alvarado Molina, Ivannia Ureña Retana, Indira deBeausset Stanton https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Association between tobacco and alcohol consumption in women aged 15 to 49 in Costa Rica, according to the results of the Survey of Women, Children and Adolescents, 2018
This article analyses the association between consumption of tobacco and alcohol among Costa Rican women ages 15 to 49. A National Women, Children, and Adolescents Survey was disseminated across Costa Rica in 2018 (n = 7,487). The percentages of women who consumed tobacco and alcoholic beverages were calculated by age, socio-economic indicators, and civil status. A logistic regression design was used to analyze the relationship between tobacco and alcoholic beverages consumption. The relationship between tobacco and alcohol consumption was confirmed. Women who consumed alcohol four times or more in the past month had a higher prevalence of tobacco use (OR = 18.80 [11.25-31.41]). On the other hand, women who smoke had a lower prevalence of alcohol consumption (OR = 4.09 [2.67-6.26]) than women who smoke occasionally (OR = 8.86 [4.83-16.24]). There is an association between tobacco consumption and alcohol consumption in women between 15 and 49 years old. This relationship is present with greater force in young, single women and residents of urban areas.
Copyright (c) 2022 Daniela Gómez González, Cindy Valverde Manzanares, Tatiana Gamboa Gamboa, Stephanie Arias Jiménez, Jorge Daniel Carrillo Barrantes https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Risk factors for hearing loss associated with hearing alterations in neonates admitted to the Intensive Care Unit of the Hospital Dr. Rafael Ángel Calderón Guardia, San José, Costa Rica, 2018-2019
Introduction: In Costa Rica, approximately half of the children born annually have risk factors for hearing loss, generating hearing loss of various etiologies that can manifest before, during or after birth. This leads to altered results in neonatal hearing screening tests, such as otoacoustic emissions and automated auditory evoked potentials. Objective: it was proposed to determine the relationship between risk factors for hearing loss and hearing disorders in neonates, based on ICU admission references and the TANU database, between 2018 and 2019, at the Dr. Rafael Ángel Calderón Guardia. Methodology: the research adopted a quantitative approach. Measures of central tendency and dispersion, tests of independence and Pearson's correlation, and a logistic regression model were performed. Results: there is a relationship between risk factors for hearing loss and auditory alterations in screening. Significant factors were found such as anoxia, intrauterine infections, syndromes, malformations associated with hearing loss, ototoxics, stay in the ICU greater than five days, weight less than 1500 g, age in days and intrauterine infections, which predict results of "refer" in screening tests. Conclusions: on the one hand, to carry out an audiological follow-up to neonates who present risk factors for hearing loss, and, on the other hand, to implement improvements in regard to the management of antecedents and hearing tests performed on neonates.
Copyright (c) 2022 Amanda María Narváez, Mary Cruz Pacheco Calderón, Óscar Centeno Mora https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Prevalence of respiratory diseases and symptoms, in colonies hosting stone miners, in San Cristóbal de Las Casas, Chiapas, Mexico
Introduction: The study estimated the prevalence rate of Acute Respiratory Diseases and Symptoms (ESRA) and its risk factors (RF), it was carried out in three host neighborhoods: Salsipuedes (200 households), San Miguel (35) and Ampliación San Miguel (9) from the southeast region of the city of San Cristóbal de Las Casas, Chiapas, Mexico, where the Salsipuedes stone mining company of sand and gravel for construction of roads and houses is located, for 35 years of extraction. Methodology: A cross-sectional epidemiological study was carried out, it began with a population census, where the survey was accepted in 156 (63.9 % of the total) and a structured questionnaire with closed and open questions was applied to an adult of each family. The questions were oriented to identify the signs and symptoms of incident and prevalent diseases (closed questions), on the other hand, six open qualitative questions related to how do you consider the activity of the sandbank that exists in your neighborhood?, to identify the perceptions of the risk for social, environmental and health damages, and whether or not they associated them with living in those neighboring host neighborhoods of the mining company. Results: The prevalence rate of ESRA in Salsipuedes was 5.6%, San Miguel 12.0% and Ampliación San Miguel 21.9% (total TP=7.6%) (p ≤ 0.05); Nine socioeconomic variables were explored, of which five (wooden wall of the house, proximity to the neighborhood, proximity to the international highway, home ownership and health perception) were statistically associated with stone mining activity with a significance value statistic of (p ≤ 0.05). Conclusions: Mining activities had an impact on ESRA associated with the proximity and conditions of housing and also influenced negative perceptions of health and the environment.
prevalence of diseases and acute respiratory symptoms
Copyright (c) 2023 Blanca Eneida Mazariegos García, Gerardo Alberto González Figueroa, Verónica Gutiérrez Villalpando, Guadalupe del Carmen Álvarez Gordillo, Ernesto Benito Salvatierra Izabá https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Social water management issues related to six Costa Rican indigene communities (2019-2020)
Objective: to provide a better understanding of the problems associated with the social management of water in six indigenous communities based on qualitative and quantitative data obtained during the 2020-2021 period. Methodology: a mixed and exploratory research was carried out in which qualitative and quantitative data were obtained. The qualitative data is the result of the workshops carried out within the framework of the research project B9314 “Social management of water in indigenous territories from Visual Sociology. Selected cases in the provinces of Puntarenas and Limón”; while water analyzes are quantitative results obtained from water quality analyses conduct in key spots identified by the community. Results: The analyzes carried out showed that 13 of the 15 water samples collected presented fecal contamination, of predominantly animal origin, however, contamination of anthropic origin was also observed. The workshops carried out in the community indicate that this contamination can be associated with a combination of environmental degradation factors, probably related to the usurpation of land by non-indigenous people, deforestation, population growth, pollution and the lack of effective protection policies. of water sources, both within the territories and at the institutional level, which is aggravated due to the limited effective action of the Costa Rican Institute of Aqueducts and Sewers to carry out actions to supply water for human consumption in the case studies. Conclusions: The problems associated with the social management of water in the communities under study are of a multicausal nature and for this reason require multidisciplinary training and support processes to improve the quality of life of indigenous populations.
Copyright (c) 2022 Luz María Chacón Jiménez https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Studies on covid-19 and health reflections in vulnerable territories and in favels: a systematic review
The covid-19 pandemic has had various social impacts globally, however, the favelas and their communities are considered groups with greater vulnerability. In the absence of basic sanitation, precarious residences, low income or poverty, and unemployment are factors that differ in the impacts generated by covid-19 on this specific public, compared to other localities. I have these parameters established as of great concern, determined the question that is the focus of this research: What is being produced by researchers on the subject of COVID-19 in vulnerable territories and in favelas? In order to answer the research question and considering that there have been no studies that address this issue from a systematic review, this article aims to analyze the scientific production in journals indexed in the Web of Science collection on COVID-19 and favelas. As results, it is highlighted the amount of studies produced in India and in Brazil, despite few cited, and that the co-occurrence map allows to focus on the potential of the receptivity of thematic studies on populations and their local reality of vulnerability.
Copyright (c) 2022 Graciane Oliveira Costa, José André Villas Boas Mello https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Occupational accident due to exposure to biological material in the nurses
Objective: To describe the epidemiology of occupational accidents with exposure to biological material among nurses. Method: Epidemiological, descriptive and retrospective study, involving 102 cases of occupational accidents among nurses. Results: There was a predominance of females (77.4 %); 20 to 29 years of age (58.8 %); and brown skin color (53.9 %). Most of the workers had a work registration (64.7 %). In 68.2% of the cases, the circumstance of the accident was percutaneous exposure and, in 71.5%, by organic material - blood; the main agent was the lumen needle (66.6 %); 44.1 % were wearing gloves and 35.9 % were wearing masks at the time of the accident; (43.2 %) had the case evolution field filled in as ignored/white. Conclusion: Accidents are mostly the result of daily practice actions, such as punctures, although these professionals use protective equipment. Therefore, continuing education on safety at work, coupled with awareness about the relevance of notification is a challenge for the exercise of a safe practice.
Copyright (c) 2022 Francisco Rosemiro Guimarães Ximenes Neto Rosemiro, Suênia Évelyn Simplício Teixeira, Francisco Diogenes dos Santos, Luciano Garcia Lourenção , Francisco Wellington Dourado Júnior, Sandra Maria Carneiro Flor, Eliany Nazaré Oliveira, Isabel Cristina Kowal Olm Cunha, Maria Helena Machado https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Epidemiological profile of tuberculosis in the prison population of Minas Gerais, Brazil
Introduction: Tuberculosis is the major cause of health problems among communicable diseases and predominates as an etiology in cases of death from a single infectious agent. In the prison environment, this is even more evident, as overcrowding, poor nutrition, drug consumption and the coexistence of other diseases, associated with the precariousness of the health service, favors the spread of the disease within the walls and to the families of inmates. Currently, it is estimated that the incidence of tuberculosis in the population deprived of liberty corresponds to approximately 11.2% of new cases in the country, and this group represents only 0.3% of the Brazilian population. Methods: In this context, the present study aims to carry out an epidemiological analysis of tuberculosis in the prison population of the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, based on secondary data from the Notifiable Diseases Information System (SINAN), in addition to identifying the main factors related to this type of involvement using measures of dispersion, central tendency and frequency, as well as Student’s T tests for independent samples and Mann-Whitney U tests in cases where the assumptions for parametric tests were not met, considering a 95 % confidence interval. Results: 1880 cases of tuberculosis were registered, with a monthly average of 22.38 notifications. The proximity of the factors brown ethnicity, male sex, age between 20 and 29 years to the center of case density and between the use of alcohol, other drugs and the abandonment of treatment was notable. Conclusion: Thus, the need for new prevention strategies in this context is highlighted due to the high incidence of tuberculosis, often related to negligence and misinformation.
Copyright (c) 2022 Marcos Vinicius Teixeira Martins, Márcio Cesário Cunha Sobrinho, Gabriel Machado de Souza, Stefan Vilges de Oliveira https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Validity and reliability of a Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) assessing food groups consumption and nutrients intake in Costa Rican adolescents
Introduction: Food Frequency Questionnaires (FFQ) have been widely used in several age groups, including adolescents, due to their greater advantages over other dietary measurement methods. Therefore, this study was designed to assess the validity and reliability of a FFQ designed for use on Costa Rican adolescents. Methodology: The validation and reproducibility studies were carried out in a sample of 107 adolescents of San José province selected through convenience sampling. For validation, a comparison of the nutrient intake and food consumption data obtained with the FFQ was made with those derived from the 3-day food record (3FR). Reliability was assessed by comparing nutrient intake and food consumption derived from the first FFQ with another FFQ performed four weeks after the first. Results: FFQ overestimates 3FR, with an average overestimation of 40.2% for foods and 38.8% for nutrients. The cross-classification was good for 24 of 26 nutrients and for 12 of the 21 food groups, and the weighted kappa showed an acceptable discriminant ability of the FFQ to categorize individuals into broad nutrient intake (except for protein and cholesterol) and food groups categories (dairy products, white rice, beans, vegetables, fruits and fruit juice, sugary drinks, breakfast cereal, candies and sweets, snacks, fast foods, fat, and ice cream). Conclusions: The FFQ designed for Costa Rican adolescents was unable to assess absolute dietary intakes; however, it is a reasonable tool to categorize adolescents into broad ranges of dietary intakes and could be used to evaluate dietary patterns in epidemiological studies of diet-disease associations.
Copyright (c) 2023 Rafael Monge-Rojas, Ricardo Alvarado-Barrantes, Rulamán Vargas-Quesada, Anne Chinnock https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
[English translation] The impact of recurring urinary infections on the quality of life of women in outpatient care in Brazil
Objective: To evaluate the impact of recurring urinary infections on the quality of life of women in outpatient care. Method: Observational, descriptive, and analytical study with 98 women attended in the outpatient clinic of a public teaching hospital in Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. 49 of these women had recurring urinary infections, confirmed by urine cultures, with no complications; 49 had no recurring urinary infections, and the two groups were matched for age. Quality of life was evaluated using the Brazilian version of the World Health Organization's abbreviated questionnaire WHOQOL-Bref. Results: The quality of life of women with urinary tract infections was more compromised in the physical (p = 0.007) and psychological (p = 0.038) domains. These women also presented a lower self-assessment of quality of life (p = 0.002) when compared to the control group. Women with recurring urinary infections presented significantly lower mean scores than the control group in the facets Energy and fatigue (p = 0.003), Positive Feelings (p = 0.014), Self-esteem (p = 0.040), Dependence on medicinal substances (p = 0.029), Negative Feelings (p = 0.023), and Recreation/leisure activities (p = 0.041). Conclusion: Recurring urinary tract infections have an impact on the quality of life of women, especially in the Physical and Psychological domains, being a significant problem for women, health workers, and the health system as a whole.
Copyright (c) 2023 Luciano Garcia Lourenção, Jacqueline Flores de Oliveira, José Carlos Carraro-Eduardo, Giovani Machado Homem, Carlos Augusto Faria https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Community resilience of women in rural areas of Lempira in the Republic of Honduras
Introduction: Building community resilience is an important part of disaster preparedness. This study aims to determine the factors that influence the status of community resilience and their relationship with social capital. Methods: Data were collected between August and November 2021 by surveying a group of over 18-year-old females in the Republic of Honduras where hit by two hurricanes and a pandemic in 2020. Cluster sampling was used in this study, and face-to-face interviews were done while visiting their houses. The Conjoint Community Resiliency Assessment Measure (CCRAM) was used to examine community resilience score, while the association between social capital, basic attributes, disaster preparedness, and whether the damages by the two hurricanes in 2020, etc. For statistical analysis, we applied multiple regression analysis. Results: Bonding social capital was a factor that lowered community resilience, and bridging social capital was a factor that raised community resilience. The community resilience for those with an elementary school education was higher than those without education but not different from those with more than an elementary school education. Conclusions: Bridging social capital and completing primary education increased community resilience.
Copyright (c) 2023 Junko Miyamoto, Minato Nakazawa https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Analysis of lipid, glycemic and feeding profile of community health workers after the intervention to promote self-care
Introduction: Healthy eating is the result of a process that can be influenced by several factors and can be a challenge even for health professionals. The objective of this study was to evaluate the eating behavior of community health agents (ACS) after their participation in a self-care course. Methodology: Quantitative study, of the research-intervention type, with 55 ACS of the municipality of Assaré, Ceará, Brazil. The intervention was carried out in April and July 2022, making a total of 16 hours. The participants appropriated the contents and exercised the simulation of dishes with meals that they could produce according to their conditions and access. Data collection was performed before and after the intervention, such as the Food Consumption Markers Form, 24-hour Food Recall (RA-24H) and blood collection to assess the lipid and glycemic profile. The stage of behavior change by the light of the Transtheoretical Model was also verified. Results: There was an improvement in eating habits and a reduction in biochemical markers (total cholesterol and fractions, triglycerides and fasting glucose), with a significant difference in glycosylated hemoglobin (p<0.0001). There was an increase in the consumption of beans, fruits and vegetables, with a reduction in the consumption of processed (p = 0.01) and ultra-processed (p = 0.001). Most ACS (60%) were in the action stage for healthy eating. Conclusions: The intervention sensitized ACS for self-care, contributing to healthier behaviors.
Copyright (c) 2023 João Guilherme Bentes Araújo Rodrigues, Maria Rosilene Cândido Moreira https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Acute stress and fear scales during the COVID-19 pandemic: development and evaluation in a Costa Rican sample
Objective: In the context of the pandemic due to SARS-CoV-2, concerns were raised about how to adequately assess its impact on the wellbeing of the population. The main reason of this paper is to present the preliminary results of psychometric properties of measures created to evaluate such impact. Method: We created and adapted several assessment instruments, and validated them with a volunteer sample of 699 adults (+18), inhabitants of Costa Rica, who filled out an online questionnaire on mental health consequences of the pandemic during September 2020. Results: The results provided evidence of validity and reliability for the new scales developed. Also, they show a negative correlation between resilient coping and acute stress, which could be considered evidence of discriminant validity. Conclusion: In this order, the measures showed acceptable psychometric properties with the evaluated sample. Future research is needed to gather more evidence of reliability and validity in probabilistic samples.
Copyright (c) 2023 Ana María Jurado-Solórzano, Gloriana Rodríguez-Arauz, Vanessa Smith-Castro, Mariano Rosabal-Coto, Sebastián Saborío, Henriette Raventós-Vorst, Benjamín Reyes-Fernández https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Capability approach and determinants of out-of-pocket spending on health in households in Argentina
This paper analyzes the out-of-pocket spending of households in Argentina within the framework of the capabilities approach. For this, we worked with the National Household Expenditure Survey, in the period 2017-2018 using a Tobit model as a statistical methodology. It was found that out-of-pocket spending on health as a proportion of household spending increases by 0.0104 with an increase of one percentage point in income. Out-of-pocket spending on health is also affected by the number of members over 65 years of age and under 14 years of age, as well as the educational climate and whether or not the head of household has medical coverage. Finally, there were differences between the different geographical regions of the country.
Copyright (c) 2023 Martín Alejandro Basso, Isabel del Valle Gulli https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Tobacco consumption influence on spending patterns within Costa Rican households
Tobacco consumption implies a dilemma in the allocation of the family budget. Hence, the objective of this study is to determine the effect of tobacco consumption on expenditure patterns within Costa Rican households. The 2018 National Household Income and Expenditure Survey is used to estimate Engel curves through a Quadratic Almost Ideal Demand System, using the Seemingly Unrelated Regression model for a set of 11 expenditure categories. Due to heteroskedasticity and endogeneity, the Generalized Method of Moment Three-Stage-Least-Squares (GMM-3SLS) is used since it provides more efficient parameter estimates. Results show that tobacco consumption is associated with a crowding-out effect on health expenditure and with a crowding-in effect on restaurant and hotel expenditures. Furthermore, tobacco consumption shows a crowding-in effect on alcoholic beverages for every income quintile. This suggests that tobacco consumption could harm the country´s standard of living and not only the realm of health.
Copyright (c) 2023 Erick Enrique Sequeira Benavides https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Comparative analysis of the Mexican and Colombian health system
Introduction: The model, proposed by Federico Tobar, for the comparison between health systems mentions the review of three different dimensions: health policies, epidemiological situation, and health system, to delve into similarities and differences that exist between systems from several countries. Proposal: The health systems of Mexico and Colombia share characteristics and reforms that make them similar, however, an analysis framework is required to make a structured comparison. Argument: The reforms in the health policies of Mexico and Colombia generated a fragmented health system that serves different types of populations, in the case of Mexico it is based on social security, and in Colombia on structured pluralism or regulated market; in both cases, it has not been possible to reverse this situation. The health situation in both countries is similar, dominated by a decrease in infectious diseases and an increase in chronic-degenerative diseases, as well as the appearance of health social problems (like homicides). Finally, there are multiple components in both health systems. This generates a scenario with several subsystems in the case of Mexico and different actors in Colombia. Conclusion: Both health systems are fragmented, with policies that try to increase their coverage. They have comparable epidemiological profiles, which suggests that they face related needs within the health system itself. A pending issue for both is the equity in the services which has been unequal.
Copyright (c) 2023 Héctor García Hernández, David Esquer Bojorquez https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
[Original in Portuguese] The impact of recurring urinary infections on the quality of life of women in outpatient care in Brazil
Copyright (c) 2024 Luciano Garcia Lourenção , Jacqueline Flores de Oliveira , José Carlos Carraro-Eduardo , Giovani Machado Homem , Carlos Augusto Faria (Autor/a) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Technoestress and the lack of support from organizations for the adaptation of professionals to home working and its effects
Introduction: The pandemic has increased the psychological risks associated with home working, due to the significant intensification of its use. Therefore, we sought to verify the significance of pandemic variables – proposed from the literature review – in analysis models related to technostress and home working, taking into account its effects on satisfaction and happiness with work, on the desire to stay at work and on career stress. Methods: Based on Ragu-Natha et al. (2008) model, the questionnaire used to collect data addressed three technostressors: technoinvasion, technooverload and technouncertainty. In addition to these, pandemic variables were included in the analysis models developed and the relationship between these and technostressors with job satisfaction, happiness with work, the desire to stay in the job and career stress was verified. The questionnaire followed the Likert scale standard, and was sent to respondents by email and WhatsApp, resulting in 188 valid responses from Brazilian professionals who had adopted remote work due to the Covid-19 pandemic. The data obtained were analyzed using the R software and using the Ordinal Logistic Regression technique. Results: Factors related to technooverload and technoinvasion were confirmed as stressors and pandemic factors were significant for the analysis of technostress. Conclusion: Job satisfaction, happiness with work, the desire to stay in the job and career stress were influenced by the variables that compose technostress and also by the variables related to the context of the pandemic, especially the lack of support from organizations for the adaptation to home working.
Mayara Rodrigues de Carvalho Fernandes Linhares
Copyright (c) 2023 Andréa Justino Ribeiro Mello, Mayara Rodrigues de Carvalho Fernandes Linhares https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Development and validation of a Mental Health Self-Care Scale in Peruvian adults Mental Health Self-Care in Peruvian adults
Introduction: Mental health care has been identified as an important component within the overall health response to the COVID-19 pandemic. The study aimed to develop and validate the Mental Health Self-Care Scale (ESAMEN), gathering evidence about its factorial and convergent validity and its internal consistency. Method: Peruvian adults of both sexes in 2021 participated in the study. An exploratory factor analysis was performed to identify the structure of the mental health self-care variable. Results: A structure with three dimensions was identified: mental (α = 0.95), social (α = 0.95), and spiritual (α = 0.96). Corroborating the evidence of convergent validity, the dimensions of the ESAMEN showed expected correlations with measures of self-esteem, self-efficacy, eustress, and distress. Conclusion: The final version of the ESAMEN, consisting of 16 items, presents adequate psychometric evidence to assess mental health self-care, and can be used in studies in the Peruvian context.
Copyright (c) 2023 Silvia L. Lam-Flores, Manuel A. Alva-Olivos, Jairo Turriate-Chávez, José Sebastián Castillo Vásquez https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Effect of the conditional cash transfer program on the incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis in Dominican Republic (2012-2018)
Introduction: Pulmonary tuberculosis is a public health problem in several countries in Latin America and the world, due to its high incidence and social impact. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of the CCT program on the incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) in Health Region III of the Dominican Republic during 2012-2018. Method: An observational study with a mixed ecological design was carried out. New cases of TBP and social programs were analyzed. The coverage of social programs was the main variable, and the TBP incidence rate was the dependent variable. Other covariates were considered. Results: The results showed that the TBP incidence rate did not decrease in Health Region III despite an increase in the coverage of CCT social programs and a decrease in the poverty level. The CCT "Eating First" program had a significant impact on reducing poverty and other social determinants in Health Region III. Conclusions: Our findings support previous research suggesting that CCT programs are effective in reducing poverty and addressing some social determinants of health. However, they do not support the use of CCTs as an isolated measure to reduce new cases of TBP, since poverty must be addressed in a comprehensive, holistic and inclusive manner to achieve a more significant impact on diseases with high prevalence and endemicity.
Copyright (c) 2024 Francisco Martín Duarte Duarte https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Detection and measurement of violence against women in Primary Health Care: A narrative review
Introduction: Violence against women is a social and public health problem that affects women around the world. Despite the diversity of prevalence studies carried out in health services in Latin America, to date no reviews have been carried out in this region. This work aims to review the literature to understand how this violence is detected and how its prevalence is measured in Primary Health Care services in Latin American countries. Methodology: a narrative bibliographic review was carried out of academic articles published between 2001-2021 aimed at detecting and measuring the prevalence of violence against women in the health sector. 42 original articles were selected and an integrative synthesis of the results was carried out. Results: the detection and/or measurement of violence against women in health centers is carried out by a variety of instruments, most of which are diagnostic. Three theoretical perspectives are identified; each one builds an image of the problem of violence. Conclusion: it is necessary to build valid and reliable data on this problem, with the possibility of being compared between regions and over time. It is important to clarify research designs in social theories, to achieve a contextualized and multidimensional understanding of the problem. Information should be provided on the most appropriate way to detect and care for violence against women in the health field.
Copyright (c) 2024 Lucia Florencia Sánchez, Lorena Saletti-Cuesta https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Global trends to reduce carbon footprint: challenges and opportunities for the Costa Rican health sector
Introduction: The reduction of carbon footprints across all sectors is a crucial aspect of climate action. The implementation of specific strategies to achieve this goal includes the actions of healthcare services. Costa Rica has been noted for a robust health system with a primary care approach. However, there is a paucity of scientific evidence regarding the roles and impacts of the health sector in reducing the national carbon footprint. Objective: To analyze the scientific production on carbon footprint in health services at a global level and contrast it with the Costa Rican reality. Method: A mapping of the literature in Spanish and English was carried out in the Scopus database, based on online thesaurus terms. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied, and the Bibliometrix tool in R software was used for the analysis. Subsequently, an integrative review of the selected documents was conducted with the support of the Covidence platform. A total of 46 publications were analyzed in the bibliographic analysis and 25 documents in the scoping review, identifying currently researched topics for carbon footprint reduction in healthcare. These topics include hospital input analysis, solid waste management, environmental impact assessment techniques, sustainability strategy design, environmental education, healthcare infrastructure, sustainable purchasing, and energy consumption. Conclusions: The studies, regardless of region or country, present options for improving healthcare practice in relation to the carbon footprint, also impacting the health of the populations. However, the majority of these studies, according to the GRADE methodology, present low evidence due to the particularities of the methodological design employed. International collaborations can be a useful tool to advance the implementation of technologies and political strategies that are adaptable to the Costa Rican reality, thereby making the health sector and, consequently, healthcare sustainable.
Copyright (c) 2024 Ericka Murillo-Rodríguez, Wendel Mora-Rivera https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Impact of COVID-19 on mortality in the elderly population of Cordoba, Argentina. Preliminary analysis of the first two years of the pandemic
Introduction: This paper aims to analyse the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic during 2020-2021 in Córdoba (Argentina) on older people, measured by excess deaths (ED) and change in life expectancy (LE). Methodology: Data sources used were deaths for the period 2017-2020, from the national Ministry of Health. Life tables were calculated for the three-year periods 2017-2019, 2020 and 2021. Finally, the decomposition of EV differences in 2020 and 2021 was calculated. Results: There were 10.3% excess deaths in 2020 and 25.5% in 2021, higher in males. ED was concentrated in the over-60s, although in 2021 mortality in young adults was significant. In 2020 the ED rate in males over 80 is three times higher than in the 60-79 years group. There is a marked bias between males and females. In 2021 there are fewer differences between ages and sexes, although the higher rate for males over 80 remains. In 2020 COVID deaths accounted for 74.2 per cent of ED for males and 102.4 per cent for females; in 2021 they accounted for 60.2 per cent and 57.7 per cent respectively. The EV loss in 2020 was 0.83 years in males and 0.26 in females; in 2021, 2.73 and 2.25 years respectively. Older males concentrate the decline in EV in infectious diseases and COVID-19. Conclusions: Knowledge of the impact of the pandemic on older people provides valuable evidence for health policy planning.
Copyright (c) 2024 Enrique Pelaez, Leandro Mariano González, Laura Débora Acosta https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
The importance of approach the birth plan during prenatal care in basic health units Amazon
Introduction: The Birth Plan (BP) is a document prepared by the pregnant Woman tongether with the professional who is accompanying her in her pregnancy process, Where you can list your choices regarding childbirth and first care for the newborn, providing her with the leading role and effective participation in all decisions regarding her pregnancy Objective:Report the importance of approaching the Birth Plan in basic units during prenatal care. Material and Methods: This is a field research with a qualitative approach, developed in 3 basic health units in the municipality of Santarem, inthe state of Pará. Results and discussions: During the interviews with the professionals, it was evident that although the nurses recognized the importance of the PP, the low adherence to the document is due to the professionals' lack of knowledge about it, as well as the lack of support from the municipal management and maternity hospitals in the continuity of care for this pregnant woman.Conclusion: The birth plan is an extremely important tool, but little used or commented on by the professionals who work directly in the program. Thus, there is an undeniable need for greater encouragement from professionals to adhere to this tool and for there to be effective support from maternity hospitals and from the municipal management itself, so that it is effective and continuity is given to the assistance to these pregnant women and, in this way, that they have their rights guaranteed and live a positive experience in relation to childbirth.
Copyright (c) 2024 Mara Cristiany Rodrigues Spinola, Andressa Silva Oliveira, Thainá Jeanny Santos Marciel, Thayla Pantoja Campos Figueira, Luana Almeida dos Santos https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Level of knowledge about type 2 Diabetes and treatment adherence in honduran population
Introduction: In Honduras, 495,011 people were diagnosed with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DMT2) during the year 2015, this being the last existing record, affecting between 7.0% and 10.0% of the population. Diabetes education is essential for adequate control of DM, therefore the purpose of the study was to describe the level of knowledge about Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and adherence to treatment in the population that attends the National Diabetic Institute in the months of January and February of the year 2023 in Tegucigalpa, Honduras. Methodology: It is a correlational cross-sectional study with a non-experimental approach, with a population of 20,500 patients, a sample of 378 individuals was obtained for analysis. The participants were selected by a non-randomized method, where they answered the Diabetes Knowledge Questionnaire (DKQ 24) to assess the level of knowledge and for adherence to treatment, the Morisky-Green test was used. Results: 266 (70.4%) people had an intermediate level of knowledge and 193 (51.1%) participants, being the majority, reported inadequate adherence to treatment for their disease. When analyzing the relationship between both variables, they have a statistical significance of p 0.007. Conclusions: it is concluded that knowledge about DMT2 should be strengthened among Hondurans, taking into account the areas with deficiency and delve into the factors involved in poor adherence to treatment.
Copyright (c) 2024 Norma Isabel Galeas Calleja, Julio César Raudales Moncada, Juan Pablo Carías Díaz https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Insurance in public health, social and private security, and its impact on income poverty in Ecatepec de Morelos, Mexico
Objective: Determine the incidence of health insurance on income poverty in the municipality of Ecatepec de Morelos. Method: Quantitative study carried out with sociodemographic and economic information collected during the period 2021-2022; An ordinal logistic model was applied taking income poverty as the dependent variable and insurance and some sociodemographic variables of interest as predictors. Results: significant differences and greater impact were observed in poverty due to moderate and extreme income depending on the type of affiliation, as well as the presence of out-of-pocket health expenses. Conclusions: Insurance by itself does not guarantee financial protection, which can lead to impoverishment; Out-of-pocket spending is the variable with the highest incidence in income poverty.
Copyright (c) 2024 Hugo Nathanael Lara Figueroa, Edith Miriam García Salazar, Emma Martínez Blanco https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Quality of Sleep in Urban and Aeronautical Firefighters of Ciudad Bolívar, Venezuela
Introduction: Night work increases the state of fatigue and the deterioration of biological functions, affects mental and physical health, causing poor work performance, the objective of the study was to determine the quality of sleep and the sociodemographic data related to the body staff. of urban firefighters and the aeronautical fire department of Ciudad Bolívar Venezuela. Methodology: An observational, cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach was carried out. The population was made up of 60 urban firefighters and 20 aeronautical firefighters, the sample was by convenience, through a self-administered survey, sociodemographic data, working conditions and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (ICSP) were collected. Descriptive statistics and Fisher's exact test were applied. Results: It was found in urban firefighters that 61.82% presented pathological sleep quality, the most affected gender was male, and the highest frequency of pathological sleep were those who had service time between 1-11 years. Of the aeronautical firefighters, 83.33% presented pathological sleep, with the highest frequency being pathological sleep; It was the masculine gender. It was also observed that the subjective quality of sleep is “quite good” in both. Conclusions: Both firefighters present alterations in sleep quality, with urban firefighters being the most affected. It was found that there are differences in relation to age, gender, and length of service. The importance of adapting to the pace of work was also evident. coping tools.
Copyright (c) 2024 Mishel Yohana Rincon Ortiz, Alejandro Daniel Rafaela Sanchez, Paola Estephania Guerra Di Bonaventura, Jesús B rito Nuñez https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Anthropometric and biochemical profile of adults who attended the “Programa de Educación y Atención Nutricional Universitario” of the University of Costa Rica, 2018-2019
Introduction: obesity represents one of the main risk factors for the development of other metabolic and cardiovascular conditions. Knowing the anthropometric and biochemical profile of an individual allows the nutrition professional to optimize their care and focus their work not only on treatment but on the prevention of other possible associated comorbidities. Methodology: a cross-sectional and descriptive study was conducted with a quantitative methodological approach, with a data base of 196 nutritional files of adults, sociodemographic information, data on biochemical variables and anthropometric measures were analyzed. Results: 83.1 % of patients presented some degree of excess weight, 75 % high percentage of body fat, 52.6 % showed high risk of developing metabolic and cardiovascular diseases according to waist circumference. In addition, 83.67 % presented at least one of the lipid parameters outside normal limits and 25.51 % of patients had fasting hyperglycemia. Conclusion: the results obtained in the study agree with the national reality of the Costa Rican adult population, this may be associated with poor eating habits and lifestyle. Adult patients treated have nutritional problems such as overweight, obesity and alterations in the lipid and glycemic profile, which increases their cardiovascular and metabolic risk.
Copyright (c) 2024 Natalia Valverde Vindas, Eva Steinkoler Sabah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Wood extraction in the Brazilian caatinga region and the risks to rural workers
Objective: To describe the work process of rural workers during logging and the occupational risks involved. Method: A qualitative, descriptive-exploratory study carried out in the municipality of Cariré, Ceará, with 10 rural workers. Data was collected through semi-structured interviews and direct observation. The analysis was based on Minayo's theoretical framework. Results: The work of the extractivists involves selecting sites for camping, after leasing land; building roads to transport timber, extracting, transporting and burning waste. These workers, who have no formal employment relationship, face substandard working conditions and are exposed to various risks, such as excessive solar radiation, handling sharp tools, exposure to smoke, bites from venomous animals, and intense physical effort, without the proper use of Personal Protective Equipment. Conclusion: The study highlights the urgent need for public health policies that guarantee comprehensive and universal protection for rural workers, with a view to reducing occupational risks and improving working conditions.
Copyright (c) 2024 Cristina da Silva Fernandes, Vitória Lídia Pereira Sousa, Francisco Eduardo Silva de Oliveira, Francisco Rosemiro Guimarães Ximenes Neto Rosemiro , Francisco Diogenes dos Santos, Luciano Garcia Lourenção, Maria Helena Machado, Eliany Nazaré Oliveira, Francisco Willian Melo de Sousa https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0