Sensitivity of Elmidae (Insecta: Coleoptera) to habitat disturbance and physicochemical water quality in lotic environments of the Colombian Andes
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15517/rbt.v68i2.36702Keywords:
Riffle beetles, Lotic, Dissolved oxygen, Freshwater quality, PollutionAbstract
Introduction: Riffle beetles are aquatic organisms frequently associated with well-oxygenated clean running water; however, some genera of Elmidae can also be found in moderately polluted streams proving their tolerance to certain degree of habitat degradation. Objective: In order to determine the contamination sensitivity and tolerance of each genus and the main factors that influence the presence and composition of Elmidae in Colombia, Methods: 60 locations between 450 and 4000 masl were sampled in six localities of Colombia, mainly in the Andean Region. Collection was carried out with D and Surber nets. Physico-chemical, bacteriological and environmental quality information was recorded. With these data, Canonycal Correspondence Analysis and descriptions of occurrence intervals for each genus were made. Results: Twenty-two genera were found in the streams evaluated; which represents 85% of known national richness. The most important factors influencing the presence and composition of Elmidae were oxygen saturation, sediment deposition, suspended solids, epifaunal substrate availability and geographic location. Conclusions: Results are useful for classifying elmids according to their sensibility to changes in environmental conditions and habitat degradation, which is a first step to incorporate Elmidae in water quality biotic indexes.
Downloads
References
Aguilera-Giraldo, I.A., & Vásquez-Ramos, J.M. (2019). Distribución espacial y temporal de Elmidae (Insecta: Coleoptera) y su relación con los parámetros fisicoquímicos en el río Ocoa, Meta, Colombia. Revista de la Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, 43(166), 108-120. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18257/raccefyn.833
Alonso, A., & Camargo, J.A. (2005). Estado actual y perspectivas en el empleo de la comunidad de macroinvertebrados bentónicos como indicadora del estado ecológico de los ecosistemas fluviales españoles. Revista Ecosistemas, 14(3), 87-99.
Barbour, M., Gerritsen, J., Snyder, B.D., & Stribling, J.B. (1999). Rapid Bioassessment Protocols for use in streams and wadeable rivers: Periphyton, benthic macroinvertebrates and fish (2nd Ed.). Washington D.C, USA: EPA.
Braun, B.M., Salvarrey, A.V.B., Kotzian, C.B., Spies, M.R., & Pires, M.M. (2014). Diversity and distribution of riffle beetle assemblages (Coleoptera, Elmidae) in montane rivers of Southern Brazil. Biota Neotropica, 14(2), 1-11. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/1676-060320140615183046
Braun, B., Pires, M., Stenert, C., Maltchik, L., & Kotzian, C. (2018). Effects of riparian vegetation width and substrate type on riffle beetle community structure. Entomological Science, 21, 66-75. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/ens.12283
Brocher, F. (1912). Recherches sur la respiration des insectes aquatiques adultes. Les elmides. Annales de Biologie Lacustre, 5, 136-179.
Brown, H.P. (1970). Neotropical dryopoids I. Xenelmis laura, a new species from Brazil (Coleoptera: Elmidae). The Coleopterists Bulletin, 24(3), 61-65. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5962/p.372626
Brown, H.P. (1981). Key to the world genera of Larinae (Coleoptera, Dryopoidea, Elmidae), with descriptions of new genera from Hispaniola, Colombia, Australia, and New Guinea. Pan-Pacific Entomologist, 57(1), 76-104.
Brown, H.P. (1984). Neotropical Dryopoids, III. Major Nomenclatural Changes Affecting Elsianus Sharp and Macrelmis Motschulsky, with Checklists of Species (Coleoptera: Elmidae: Elminae). The Coleopterists Bulletin, 38(2), 121-129.
Brown, H.P. (1985). Xenelmis sandersoni, a new species of riffle beetle from Arizona and Northern Mexico (Coleoptera: Dryopoidea: Elmidae). The Southwestern Naturalist, 30(1), 53-57. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/3670656
Brown, H.P. (1987). Biology of Riffle Beetles. Annual Review of Entomology, 32, 253-273. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.en.32.010187.001345
Brown, H.P. (1991). Elmidae (Dryopoidea) (= Elminthidae, Helminthidae). Riffle beetles. In F.W. Stehr (Ed.), Immature insects (Vol. 2, pp. 404-407). Dubuque, Iowa, USA: Kendall/Hunt Publishing Co.
Camargo, J.A., & Alonso, A. (2007). Contaminación por nitrógeno inorgánico en los ecosistemas acuáticos: problemas medioambientales, criterios de calidad del agua, e implicaciones del cambio climático. Revista Ecosistemas, 16(2), 98-110.
Camargo-García, J.C., Chará, J., Giraldo-Sánchez, L.P., Chará-Serna, A.M., & Pedraza, G.X. (2010). Beneficios de los corredores ribereños de Guadua angustifolia en la protección de ambientes acuáticos en la Ecorregión Cafetera de Colombia. 1. Efectos sobre las propiedades del suelo. Revista Recursos Naturales y Ambiente, 61, 53-59.
Chapman, D.V. (1996). Water Quality Assessments: A guide to use Biota, Sediments and Water Environmental Monitoring (2nd Ed.). London, UK: UNESCO, WHO, UNEP.
Chará, J. (2003). Manual para la evaluación biológica de ambientes acuáticos en microcuencas ganaderas. Santiago de Cali: Fundación CIPAV.
Chará, J., Giraldo, L.P., Chará-Serna, A.M., & Pedraza, G.X. (2010). Beneficios de los corredores ribereños de Guadua angustifolia en la protección de ambientes acuáticos en la Ecorregión Cafetera de Colombia. 2. Efectos sobre la escorrentía y captura de nutrientes. Recursos Naturales y Ambiente, 61, 60-66.
Chará, J., Pedraza, G., & Giraldo, L.P. (2008). Corredores ribereños como herramienta de protección de ambientes acuáticos en zonas ganaderas. En E. Murgueitio, C. Cuartas, & J.F. Naranjo (Eds.), Ganadería del futuro: Investigación para el desarrollo (pp. 111-130). Santiago de Cali, Colombia: Fundación CIPAV.
Chará, J., Pedraza, G., Giraldo, L., & Hincapié, D. (2013). Efecto de los corredores ribereños sobre el estado de quebradas en la zona ganadera del río La Vieja, Colombia. Agroforestería de Las Américas, 45, 72-78.
Chará-Serna, A.M., Chará, J., Giraldo, L.P., Zúñiga, M. del C., & Allan, J.D. (2015). Understanding the impacts of agriculture on Andean stream ecosystems of Colombia: a causal analysis using aquatic macroinvertebrates as indicators of biological integrity. Freshwater Science, 34(2), 727-740. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1086/681094
Chutter, F.M. (1969). The effects of silt and sand on the invertebrate fauna on streams and rivers. Hydrobiologia, 34, 57-76. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00040323
Connolly, N.M., & Pearson, R.G. (2007). The effect of fine sedimentation on tropical stream macroinvertebrate assemblages: a comparison using flowthrough artificial stream channels and recirculating mesocosms. Hydrobiologia, 592, 423-438. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-007-0774-7
Davies-Colley, R.J., Hickey, C.W., Quinn, J.M., & Ryan, P.A. (1992). Effects of clay discharges on streams. 1. Optical properties and epilithon. Hydrobiologia, 248, 215-234. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00006149
De Cáceres, M., & Legendre, P. (2009). Associations between species and groups of sites: indices and statistical inference. Ecology, 90, 3566-3574. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1890/08-1823.1
Delève, J. (1968). Coleoptera Elminthidae. In N. Leleupet & J. Leleup (Eds), Résultats scientifiques. Mission zoologique belge aux îles Galapagos et en Ecuador (pp. 209-272). Bruxelles, Belgique: Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique.
Dejoux, C., & Iltis, A. (1991). El lago Titicaca: Síntesis del conocimiento limnológico actual. La Paz, Bolivia: lnstitut Français de Recherche Scientifique pour le Développement & Instituto de Historia Social en Bolivia.
Dietrich, F., & Waringer, J.A. (1999). Distribution patterns and habitat characterization of Elmidae and Hydraenidae (Insecta: Coleoptera) in the Weidlingbach near Vienna, Austria. International Review of Hydrobiology, 84(1), 1-15. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/iroh.199900001
Doeg, T.J., & Milledge, G.A. (1991). The effects of experimentally increasing suspended sediment concentrations on macroinvertebrate drift. Australian Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research, 42(5), 519-526. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1071/MF9910519
Dos Santos, D.A., Molineri, C., Reynaga, M.C., & Basualdo, C. (2011). Which index is the best to assess stream health? Ecological Indicators, 11(2), 582-589. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2010.08.004
Escherich, T. (1885). Dïe Darmbakterien der Säuglings und Neugeborenen. Fortschritte Medizin, 3, 515-522.
Fernandes, A.S., & Hamada, N. (2012). Description and notes on the bionomics of a new species of Potamophilops Grouvelle, 1896 (Coleoptera: Elmidae: Larainae), from the Cerrado biome in Brazil. Journal of Natural History, 46(11-12), 717-727. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2011.651643
Fossati, O., Wasson, J.G., Hery, C., Marin, R., & Salinas, G. (2001). Impact of sediment releases on water chemistry and macroinvertebrate communities in clear water Andean streams (Bolivia). Archiv für Hydrobiologie, 151(1), 33-50. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1127/archiv-hydrobiol/151/2001/33
García-Criado, F. (2000). Distribución y autoecología de Coleóptera acuáticos en ríos afectados por minería del carbón (cuenca del Sil, León, España) 1. Elmidae. Boletín de la Asociación Española de Entomología, 24(3-4), 105-124.
García-Criado, F., & Fernández-Aláez, C. (1995). Aquatic Coleoptera (Hydraenidae and Elmidae) as indicators of the chemical characteristics of water in the Orbigo River basin (NW Spain). Annales de Limnologie-International Journal of Limnology, 31(3), 185-199. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1051/limn/1995017
García-Criado, F., Fernández-Aláez, C., & Fernández-Aláez, M. (1999). Environmental variables influencing the distribution of Hydraenidae and Elmidae assemblages (Coleoptera) in a moderately-polluted river basin in north-western Spain. European Journal of Entomology, 96, 37-44.
García-Criado, F., & Fernández-Aláez, M. (2001). Hydraenidae and Elmidae assemblages (Coleoptera) from a Spanish river basin: good indicators of coal mining pollution? Archiv für Hydrobiologie, 150(4), 641-660. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1127/archiv-hydrobiol/150/2001/641
González-Córdoba, M., Zúñiga, M. del C., & Manzo, V. (2015a). Riqueza genérica y distribución de Elmidae (Insecta: Coleoptera, Byrrhoidea) en el departamento del Valle del Cauca, Colombia. Biota Colombiana, 16(2), 51-74.
González-Córdoba, M., Zúñiga, M. del C., Torres-Zambrano, N.N., & Manzo, V. (2015b). Primer registro de las especies Neolimnius palpalis Hinton y Pilielmis apama Hinton (Coleoptera: Elmidae: Elminae) para Colombia y la cuenca del río Orinoco. Boletín del Museo de Entomología de la Universidad del Valle, 16(1), 27-33.
González-Córdoba, M., Zúñiga, M. del C., Mosquera-Murillo, Z., & Sánchez-Vásquez, S. (2016). Riqueza y distribución de Elmidae (Insecta: Coleoptera: Byrrhoidea) en el departamento del Chocó, Colombia. Intropica, 11(1), 85-95. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21676/23897864.1865
González-Córdoba, M., Zúñiga, M. del C., Manzo, V., Granados-Martínez, C., & Panche, J. (2019). Nuevos registros y datos de distribución de diez especies y cuatro géneros de élmidos (Coleoptera: Elmidae) para Colombia. Boletín Científico Centro de Museos. Museo de Historia Natural, 23(1), 247-266. DOI: https://doi.org/10.17151/bccm.2019.23.1.11
González-Meléndez, V., Caicedo-Quintero, O., & Aguirre-Ramírez, N.J. (2013). Aplicación de los Índices de Calidad de Agua NSF, DINIUS y BMWP en la quebrada La Ayurá, Antioquia, Colombia. Revista Gestión y Ambiente, 16(1), 97-108.
Hammer, Ø., Harper, D.A., & Ryan, P.D. (2001). PAST: paleontological statistics software package for education and data analysis. Palaeontologia Electronica, 4(1), 9.
Hanson, P., Springer, M., & Ramírez, A. (2010). Capítulo 1: Introducción a los grupos de macroinvertebrados acuáticos. Revista de Biología Tropical, 58, 3-37. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15517/rbt.v58i4.20080
Harpster, H.T. (1944). The gaseous plastron as a respiratory mechanism in Stenelmis quadrimaculata Horn Dryopidae. Transactions of the American Microscopical Society, 63(1), 1-26. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/3223332
Hincapié-Montoya, D. (2017). Elmidae (Coleoptera) o escarabajos de aguas rápidas. Una actualización para Colombia. Boletín del Museo Entomológico Francisco Luís Gallego, 9(3), 4-15.
Hinton, H.E. (1939). On some new genera and species of Neotropical Dryopoidea (Coleoptera). Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London, 89(3), 23-45. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2311.1939.tb01021.x
Hinton, H.E. (1940a). A monograph of Gyrelmis gen. n., with a study of the variation of the internal anatomy (Coleoptera, Elmidae). Transaction Royal Entomological Society of London, 90, 375-409. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2311.1940.tb01027.x
Hinton, H.E. (1940b). The Percy Sladen Trust expedition to Lake Titicaca in 1937 under the leadership of Mr. H. Cary Gilson. VII. The Peruvian and Bolivian species of Macrelmis Motsch. (Coleoptera, Elmidae). Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society, 1(2), 117-147. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1940.tb00007.x
Hinton, H.E. (1946). A key to the species of Xenelmis Hinton with descriptions of three new species (Coleoptera, Elmidae). Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine, 83, 237-241.
Hinton, H.E. (1972). Two new genera of South American Elmidae (Coleoptera). The Coleopterists Bulletin, 37-41. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5962/p.372543
Hoback, W.W., & Stanley, D.W. (2001). Insects in hypoxia. Journal of Insect Physiology, 47(6), 533-542. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1910(00)00153-0
Hynes, H.B.N. (1960). The biology of polluted waters. Toronto, Canada: University of Toronto Press.
Jacobsen, D., & Marín, R. (2008). Bolivian Altiplano streams with low richness of macroinvertebrates and large diel fluctuations in temperature and dissolved oxygen. Aquatic Ecology, 42(4), 643-656. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10452-007-9127-x
Jacobsen, D., Schultz, R., & Encalada, A. (1997). Structure and diversity of stream invertebrate assemblages: the influence of temperature with altitude and latitude. Freshwater Biology, 38(2), 247-261. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2427.1997.00210.x
Jäch, M., Kodada, J., Brojer, M., Shepard, W.D., & Čiampor, J.F. (2016). Coleoptera: Elmidae and Protelmidae. Brill. World Catalogue of Insects (Vol. 14). Leiden/Boston: Brill. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004291775
Jeffries, M., & Mills, D. (1990). Freshwater Ecology: Principles and Applications. London, UK: Belhaven Press.
Jiménez, A.A. (2000). Determinación de los parámetros fisico-químicos de calidad de las aguas. Gestión Ambiental, 2(23), 12-19.
Laššová, K., Čiampor, J.F., & Čiamporová-Zaťovičová, Z. (2014). Two new Larainae species from Guayana region, Venezuela (Coleoptera: Elmidae). Zootaxa, 3753(2), 187-195. DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3753.2.8
Lozano-Bravo, J.L., Guevara-Cardona, G., & Reinoso-Flórez, G. (2018). Diversidad espacio-temporal de la familia Elmidae (Insecta: Coleoptera) en la quebrada las Perlas (Ibagué, Colombia). Revista de la Asociación Colombiana de Ciencias Biológicas, 30, 61-71.
Maier, C.A. (2013). A revision of the Larainae (Coleoptera, Elmidae) of Venezuela, with description of nine new species. ZooKeys, 329, 33-91. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.329.4961
Maier, C.A., & Spangler, P.J. (2011). Hypsilara royi gen. n. and sp. nov. (Coleoptera, Elmidae, Larainae) from Southern Venezuela, with a revised key to Larainae of the Western Hemisphere. ZooKeys, 116, 25-36. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.116.1347
Manzo, V. (2005). Key to the South American genera of Elmidae (Insecta: Coleoptera) with distributional data. Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment, 40, 201-208. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/01650520500140619
Manzo, V. (2006). A review of the American species of Xenelmis Hinton (Coleoptera: Elmidae) with a new species from Argentina. Zootaxa, 1242, 53-68. DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1242.1.4
Manzo, V. (2013). Los élmidos de la región Neotropical (Coleoptera: Byrrhoidea: Elmidae): diversidad y distribución. Revista de la Sociedad Entomológica Argentina, 72(3-4), 199-212.
Manzo, V., & Archangelsky, M. (2008). A key to the known larvae of South American Elmidae (Coleoptera: Byrrhoidea), with a description of the mature larva of Macrelmis saltensis Manzo. Annales de Limnologie-International Journal of Limnology, 44(1), 63-74. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1051/limn:2008023
Miserendino, M.L., & Archangelsky, M. (2006). Aquatic Coleoptera distribution and environmental relationships in a large Patagonian river. International Review of Hydrobiology, 91(5), 423-437. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/iroh.200510854
Miserendino, M.L., & Brand, C. (2009). Environmental effects of urbanization on streams and rivers in Patagonia (Argentina): the use of macroinvertebrates in monitoring. In J. Daniels (Ed.), Advances in Environmental Research (Vol. 6, pp. 183-220). New York, USA: NOVA.
Miserendino, M.L., Archangelsky, M., Brand, C., & Epele, L.B. (2012). Environmental changes and macroinvertebrate responses in Patagonian streams (Argentina) to ashfall from the Chaitén Volcano (May 2008). Science of the Total Environment, 424, 202-212. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.02.054
Murgel, S. (1984). Limnología sanitaria. Estudios de la polución de aguas continentales. Monografía 28. Washington D.C., EEUU: Secretaría General de la OEA.
Oksanen, J., Blanchet, F.G., Kindt, M.F.R., Legendre, P., McGlinn, D., Minchin, P.R. … Wagner, H. (2018). vegan: Community Ecology Package. R package version 2.5-3. Retrieved from https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=vegan
Ott, W.R. (1978). Environmental Indices: Theory and Practice. Michigan, USA: Ann Arbor Science.
Passos, M.I.S., Nessimian, J.L., & Dorvillé, F.M. (2003). Life strategies in an elmid (Insecta: Coleoptera: Elmidae) community from a first order stream in the Atlantic Forest, Southeastern Brazil. Acta Limnologica Brasiliensia, 15, 29-36.
Perkins, P.D., & Steiner, W.E. (1981). Two new Peruvian species of the riffle beetles genus Xenelmis (Coleoptera: Elmidae). Pan-Pacific Entomologist, 57(1), 306-312.
Picazo, F., Millan, A., & Doledec, S. (2012). Are patterns in the taxonomic, biological and ecological traits of water beetles congruent in Mediterranean ecosystems? Freshwater Biology, 57(11), 2192-2210. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2427.2012.02859.x
R Core Team (2018). R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. Retrieved from https://www.R-project.org/
Ramírez, A., Restrepo, R., & Viña-Viscaíno, G. (2000). Cuatro índices de contaminación para caracterización de aguas continentales. Formulaciones y aplicaciones. ECOPETROL-IPC, Bucaramanga. Ciencia, Tecnología y Futuro, 1, 135-153. DOI: https://doi.org/10.29047/01225383.593
Resh, V.H., Buchwalter, D.B., Lamberti, G.A., & Erikson, C.H. (2008). Aquatic insect respiration. In R.W. Merritt, K.W. Cummings, M.B. Berg (Eds), An Introduction to the Aquatic Insects of North America (4th Ed., pp. 39-53). Dubuque, USA: Kendall Hunt Publishing Company.
Roldán-Pérez, G. (2016). Los macroinvertebrados como bioindicadores de la calidad del agua: cuatro décadas de desarrollo en Colombia y Latinoamérica. Revista de la Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, 40(155), 254-274. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18257/raccefyn.335
Sampaio, B.H.L., Passos, M.I.S., & Ferreira, N. (2015). New species and new records of Xenelmis Hinton (Coleoptera: Elmidae) from Southeastern Brazil. Zootaxa, 3936(1), 115-122. DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3936.1.6
Sánchez-Herrera, M.J. (2005). El índice biológico BMWP (Biological Monitoring Working Party Score), modificado y adaptado al cauce principal del río Pamplonita norte de Santander. Bistua: Revista de la Facultad de Ciencias Básicas, 3(2), 54-67.
Sarriquet, P.E., Delettre, Y.R., & Marmonier, P. (2006). Effects of catchment disturbance on stream invertebrates: comparison of different habitats (vegetation, benthic and interstitial) using bio-ecological groups. Journal Annales de Limnologie-International of Limnology, 42(4), 205-219. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1051/limn/2006022
Sharp, D. (1882). Insecta, Coleoptera. (Haliplidae, Dytiscidae, Gyrinidae, Hydrophilidae, Heteroceridae, Parnidae, Georissidae, Cyathoceridae). In F.D. Godman & O. Salvin (Eds.), Biologia Centrali-Americana (xv, p. 824). London, UK: Taylor y Francis.
Shepard, W.D., & Chaboo, C.S. (2015). Beetles (Coleoptera) of Peru: A Survey of the Families. Elmidae. Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society, 88(2), 167-168. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2317/kent-88-02-167-168.1
Spangler, P.J. (1980). V. Aquatic Coleoptera. The results of the Catherwood Foundation Bolivian-Peruvian Altiplano Expedition. Part I. Aquatic insects except Diptera. Monographs of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 132, 199-213.
Spangler, P.J. (1981). Two new genera of phreatic elmid beetles from Haiti. Bijdragen tot de Dierkunde, 51(2), 375-387.
Spangler, P.J. (1990). A revision of the Neotropical aquatic beetle genus Stegoelmis (Coleoptera: Elmidae). Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 502, 1-52. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00810282.502
Spangler, P.J., & Perkins, P.D. (1989). Revision of the Neotropical aquatic beetle genus Stenhelmoides (Coleoptera: Elmidae). Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 479, 1-63. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00810282.479
Spangler, P.J., & Santiago, S. (1987). A revision of the Neotropical Aquatic beetle genera Disersus, Pseudodisersus, and Potamophilops (Coleoptera: Elmidae). Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 446, 1-40. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00810282.446
Spangler, P.J., & Santiago, S. (1991). A new species and new records from Colombia of the water beetle genus Onychelmis Hinton (Coleoptera: Elmidae: Elminae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 93(2), 495-498.
Spangler, P.J., & Santiago-Fragoso, S. (1992). The aquatic beetle subfamily Larainae (Coleoptera: Elmidae) in Mexico, Central America and the West Indies. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 528, 1-74. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00810282.528
Stride, G.O. (1955). On the respiration of an aquatic African beetle, Potamodytes tuberosus Hinton. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 48(5), 344-351. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/aesa/48.5.344
Suren, A.M., & Jowett, I.G. (2001). Effects of deposited sediment on invertebrate drift: An experimental study. New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research, 35(4), 725-737. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00288330.2001.9517038
Van Dam, O. (2003). Eco-hydrological functions and threats of tropical rain forests at different spatial scales. In P.A. Zuidema (Ed.), Tropical forests in multi-functional landscape (pp. 53-63). Utrecht, The Netherlands: Prince Bernhard Centre for International Nature Conservation.
Vermonden, K., Leuven, R.S., van der Velde, G., van Katwijk, M.M., Roelofs, J.G., & Hendriks, A.J. (2009). Urban drainage systems: An undervalued habitat for aquatic macroinvertebrates. Biological Conservation, 142(5), 1105-1115. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2009.01.026
Von Ellenrieder, N. (2007). Composition and structure of aquatic insect assemblages of Yungas mountain cloud forest streams in NW Argentina. Revista de la Sociedad Entomológica Argentina, 66(3-4), 57-76.
Zúñiga, M. del C., & Cardona, W. (2009). Bioindicadores de calidad de agua y caudal ambiental: Caso del Río Meléndez (Valle del Cauca, Colombia). En J. Cantera, Y. Carvajal, & L. Castro (Eds.), Caudal ambiental: Conceptos Experiencias y Desafíos (pp. 167-198). Cali, Colombia: Programa Editorial de la Universidad del Valle.
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2020 Marcela González Córdoba
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License (CC BY 4.0)
Attribution (BY) • (BY) You must attribute the work in the manner specified by the author or licensor (but not in any way that suggests that they endorse you or your use of the work).
