Higher bearded fireworm densities in structurally complex substrate do not increase predation on Acropora cervicornis (Lamarck, 1816) outplants
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15517/693car68Keywords:
coral predation; corallivore; spatial heterogeneity; coral reef restoration; population dynamics.Abstract
Introduction: In Puerto Rico, restoration efforts for the threatened coral Acropora cervicornis are increasingly affected by outbreaks of the corallivore bearded fireworm, Hermodice carunculata. However, limited knowledge of this polychaete’s population dynamics hinders effective management.
Objectives: (1) Quantify the abundance and size distribution of H. carunculata across reef areas with different structural complexity; (2) Evaluate spatial and temporal variation in predation on A. cervicornis; (3) Examine relationships between fireworm abundance, predation, and macroalgal cover.
Methods: The abundance and size distribution of H. carunculata were monitored across three reef areas (lowest to highest complexity) from March to November 2023. Bearded fireworms were captured using low-cost benthic traps. Predation activity was quantified by counting bite marks on coral outplants within fixed monitoring areas and on colonies outplanted outside the study areas from December 2022 to November 2023.
Results: Bearded fireworm abundance was significantly higher in more structurally complex areas and varied over time, declining toward the end of the study period. In contrast, size distribution remained relatively stable across spatial and temporal scales. Predation rates on A. cervicornis outplants exhibited temporal and spatial variation; however, the number of predation marks was negatively correlated with bearded fireworm abundance. No significant relationships were detected between fireworm abundance and macroalgal cover or the presence of Dictyota dichotoma.
Conclusions: H. carunculata tended to be more abundant in structurally complex habitats, supporting the influence of habitat structure on its distribution. However, inconsistent predation patterns and the unexpected negative correlation between bearded fireworm abundance and bite marks suggest that additional factors, including prey availability and behavioral dynamics, may shape predation activity. These findings provide insights into improving monitoring, management, and site selection in A. cervicornis restoration programs.
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