Proximate composition and lipid content of muscle tissue by TLC-FID of seven freshwater fish species collected from Campoma Lake, Venezuela
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15517/8gw0mf84Keywords:
Proximate composition; freshwater fish; TLC-FID; total lipids; multivariant analysisAbstract
Introduction: Lipids in fish play a fundamental role in growth, reproduction, and homeostasis, maintaining cellular integrity. Objective: To assess the nutritional quality of seven fish species from Lake Campoma through analysis of their proximate composition and lipid profile. Methods: A total of 10 kg of each species Cichlasoma kraussii, Pimelodus clarias, Hoplias malabaricus, Aequidens pulcher, Hypostomus plecostomus, Hoplosternum littorale, and Centropomus mexicanus were collected through direct fishing in Lake Campoma. Samples were refrigerated and transported to the laboratory, where muscle tissue was dissected for subsequent analysis. Lipid fractions were determined using thin-layer chromatography with flame ionization detection (TLC-FID). Principal component analysis (PCA) was applied to explore the relationships among the evaluated parameters. Results: Centropomus mexicanus exhibited the highest lipid (2.33% w/w) and protein content (24.07%). In all analyzed species, phospholipids were the predominant lipid class (34–85%), followed by free fatty acids (7%), triacylglycerols (4%), and cholesterol (<34%). Water was the major component in the proximate analysis, ranging from 76.5% in C. kraussii to 82.5% in P. clarias, which may increase susceptibility to microbial spoilage if not stored properly. No clear association was observed between species and ash content. Conclusions: The evaluated species demonstrated high nutritional and energy value, supporting their inclusion in human diets. Phospholipids were predominant (up to 85%), followed by free fatty acids (7%) and triacylglycerols (>4%), with cholesterol levels below 37%. C. mexicanus stood out due to its high protein and energy content, while H. littorale and H. malabaricus were identified as the most nutritionally rich. These findings underscore the importance of these freshwater species as valuable sources of macronutrients and essential bioactive compounds.
Downloads
References
Anyakudo, F., Adams, E., & Van Schepdael, A. (2020). Analysis of amikacin, gentamicin and tobramycin by thin layer chromatography-flame ionization detection. Microchemical Journal, 157, 105032. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.microc.2020.105032
Araujo, P., Truzzi, C., Belghit, I., & Antonucci, M. (2021). The impact of seawater warming on fatty acid composition and nutritional quality indices of Trematomus bernacchii from the Antarctic region. Food Chemistry, 365, 130500. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.130500
Araya, P., Hirt, L., & Flores, S. (2003). Biología reproductiva y crecimiento de Pimelodus clarias maculatus (Lac. 1803) (Pisces, Pimelodidae) en la zona de influencia del embalse Yacyretá. Ecología Austral, 13(1), Artigo 1.
Carrero, J., Martín-Bautista, E., Baró, L., Fonollá, J., Jiménez, J., Boza, J., & López-Huertas, E. (2005). Efectos cardiovasculares de los ácidos grasos Omega-3 y alternativas para incrementar su ingesta. Nutrición Hospitalaria, 20(1), 63–69.
D ́Armas, H., Koftayan, T., & Milano, J. (2009). Composición de lípidos del mejillón verde (Perna viridis L.) En periodo de maduración, proveniente de diferentes localidades, mediante métodos cromatográficos y de RMN13C. PARTE II. SABER. Revista Multidisciplinaria del Consejo de Investigación de la Universidad de Oriente, 21(3), 235–243.
D’Armas, H. T., Reyes, D., Ranaudo, M. A., & Yánez, D. (2015). Composición lipídica del tejido muscular de las especies de peces Mylossoma duriventre, Pimelodus blochii y Pygocentrus cariba, provenientes del caño Manaticito, estado Apure, Venezuela. Saber, 27(3), 391–400.
Fonseca Rodríguez, C., Chavarría Solera, F., & Mejía-Arana, F. (2013). Variación estacional de la composición proximal en tres especies de importancia comercial del Golfo de Nicoya, Puntarenas, Costa Rica. Revista de Biología Tropical, 61(1), 429–437.
Giraldo, S. A., & Velasco, D. M. L. (2019). Reacciones químicas de los azúcares simples empleados en la industria alimentaria. Lámpsakos, 22, 123–136.
Hao, M., Yi, L., Cheng, W., Zhu, J., & Zhao, S. (2024). Lipidomics analysis reveals new insights into crisp grass carp associated with meat texture. Heliyon, 10(11). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e32179
Islam, S., Bhowmik, S., Majumdar, P. R., Srzednicki, G., Rahman, M., & Hossain, Md. A. (2021). Nutritional profile of wild, pond, gher and cage-cultured tilapia in Bangladesh. Heliyon, 7(5), e06968. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06968
Izquierdo Córser, P., Torres Ferrari, G., Barboza de Martínez, Y., Márquez Salas, E., & Allara Cagnasso, M. (2000). Análisis proximal, perfil de ácidos grasos, aminoácidos esenciales y contenido de minerales en doce especies de pescado de importancia comercial en Venezuela. Archivos Latinoamericanos de Nutrición, 50(2), 187–194.
Lau, C., Lu, X., Chen, X., Hoy, K. S., Davydiuk, T., Graydon, J. A., Reichert, M., LeBlanc, A., Donadt, C., Jhangri, G., & Le, X. C. (2025). Arsenic speciation in more than 1600 freshwater fish samples from fifty-three waterbodies in Alberta, Canada. Journal of Environmental Sciences (China), 153, 289–301. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jes.2024.12.009
Leal Rodrigues, B., Guerra Monteiro, M. L., Vilhena da Cruz Silva Canto, A. C., Peireira da Costa, M., & Conte Junior, C. A. (2020). Proximate composition, fatty acids and nutritional indices of promising freshwater fish species from Serrasalmidae family. CyTA: Journal of Food, 18(1), 591–598.
Lee, H. G., Joo, M., Park, J. M., Kim, M. A., Mok, J., Cho, S. H., Sohn, Y. C., Lee, H. (2022). Lipid Profiling of Pacific Abalone (Haliotis discus hannai) at Different Developmental Stages Using Ultrahigh Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry. Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry, 2022, 5822562-5822562.
Madrazo Ríos, J. M., & Madrazo Machado, A. M. (2005). Papel de los lípidos y lipoproteínas en la aterogénesis. Revista Cubana de Medicina, 44(5–6), 0–0.
Mgbechidinma, C. L., Zheng, G., Baguya, E. B., Zhou, H., Okon, S. U., & Zhang, C. (2023). Fatty acid composition and nutritional analysis of waste crude fish oil obtained by optimized milder extraction methods. Environmental Engineering Research, 28(2). https://doi.org/10.4491/eer.2022.034
Motta Soler, Á. M. (2019). Evaluación de un solvente verde para la extracción de lípidos a partir de biomasa de microalgas a escala laboratorio. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11839/7395
Ondo-Azi, A. S., Kumulungui, B. S., Mewono, L., Koumba, A. M., & Missang, C. E. (2013). Proximate composition and microbiological study of five marine fish species consumed in Gabon. African Journal of Food Science, 7(8), 227–231. https://doi.org/10.5897/AJFS12.177
Osman, H., Suriah, A. R., & Law, E. C. (2001). Fatty acid composition and cholesterol content of selected marine fish in Malaysian waters. Food Chemistry, 73(1), 55–60. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0308-8146(00)00277-6
Paredes, F. F., Díaz A, I. Q., & Baltazar, J. G. (2012). Estandarización del método de Biuret para cuantificar proteínas totales en suero antibotrópico polivalente producido en el Centro Nacional de Productos Biológicos del INS. Bol-Inst Nac Salud, 221–222.
Piñeiro-Corrales, G., Lago Rivero, N., & Culebras-Fernández, J. M. (2013). Papel de los ácidos grasos omega-3 en la prevención de enfermedades cardiovasculares. Nutrición Hospitalaria, 28(1), 1–5. https://doi.org/10.3305/nh.2013.28.1.6312
Przybylski, R., Wu, J., & Eskin, N. A. M. (2013). A Rapid Method for Determining the Oxidative Stability of Oils Suitable for Breeder Size Samples. Journal of the American Oil Chemists’ Society, 90(7), 933–939. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11746-013-2240-1
Sabba, E., Boudida, Y., & Boudjellal, A. (2023). Evaluation of Fatty Acid and the Composition of Six Different Species of Freshwater Fish in the North of Algeria. Journal of Food Quality and Hazards Control, 10(3), 115–122. https://doi.org/10.18502/jfqhc.10.3.13642
Simopoulos, A. P. (2002). The importance of the ratio of omega-6/omega-3 essential fatty acids. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, 56(8), 365–379. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0753-3322(02)00253-6
Sinanoglou, V. J., Strati, I. F., Bratakos, S. M., Proestos, C., Zoumpoulakis, P., & Miniadis-Meimaroglou, S. (2013). On the Combined Application of Iatroscan TLC-FID and GC-FID to Identify Total, Neutral, and Polar Lipids and Their Fatty Acids Extracted from Foods. International Scholarly Research Notices, 2013(1), 859024. https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/859024
Urbano, T., Lodeiros, C., De Donato, M., Acosta, V., Arrieche, D., Núñez, M., & Himmelman, J. (2005). Crecimiento y supervivencia de los mejillones Perna perna, Perna viridis y de un morfotipo indefinido bajo cultivo suspendido. Ciencias marinas, 31(3), 517–528.
Zheng, K., Wu, L., He, Z., Yang, B., & Yang, Y. (2017). Measurement of the total protein in serum by biuret method with uncertainty evaluation. Measurement, 112, 16–21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.measurement.2017.08.013
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Revista de Biología Tropical
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License (CC BY 4.0)
Attribution (BY) • (BY) You must attribute the work in the manner specified by the author or licensor (but not in any way that suggests that they endorse you or your use of the work).
