Bacterias asociadas con el alga Ulva lactuca (Ulvaceae) del Caribe colombiano y su actividad lacasa
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15517/8pkmas90Palabras clave:
algas marinas, diversidad bacteriana marina cultivable, sustancia biológica de interés, cribado de lacasasResumen
Introducción: Las macroalgas marinas, sus bacterias asociadas y el medio ambiente interactúan para producir compuestos que ayudan al holobionte a adaptarse a desafíos bióticos y abióticos. Estos compuestos incluyen enzimas novedosas con aplicaciones industriales y con un menor impacto ambiental que las reacciones químicas industriales. Las lacasas son enzimas que suscitan interés debido a sus aplicaciones y versatilidad, por lo que son objeto de investigación y exploración. A pesar de la gama de holobiontes macroalgales en el Caribe colombiano, poco se conoce sobre los microorganismos asociados a estos hospederos y su potencial biotecnológico. Objetivo: Evaluar las bacterias epibiontes y endobiontes asociadas a la macroalga Ulva lactuca presente en Santa Marta, Caribe colombiano, y buscar productores de lacasas. Métodos: Se emplearon técnicas de cultivo para aislar bacterias de U. lactuca recolectadas el 27 de febrero de 2023. Se secuenció la región 16S rRNA para determinar la identidad de los aislamientos. La actividad lacasa se comprobó inoculando los aislamientos en medio suplementado con guayacol y posteriormente se confirmó en agar nutritivo con 0.2 % de dimetoxifenol. Resultados: Se obtuvieron 118 aislamientos, siendo 64 bacterias epibiontes y 54 endobiontes. El 75 % de ellas se identificaron a nivel de género y especie. Los aislamientos epibiontes predominantes pertenecen a las Proteobacterias, en particular Vibrio, mientras que los Firmicutes, con Bacillus, tuvieron una mayor representación en los aislamientos endobiontes. Se encontró actividad lacasa en 42 aislamientos, incluidos Enterobacter, Halomonas, Paenibacillus, Priestia, Pseudomonas, Shewanella, y Vibrio. Entre ellos, los endobiontes afiliados a Bacillus presentaron el mayor número de aislamientos positivos para lacasas. Conclusiones: Proteobacterias y Firmicutes predominaron en la comunidad bacteriana cultivable de U. lactuca. Este estudio indica que varios géneros de bacterias asociadas a U. lactuca en el Caribe colombiano son positivas para actividad lacasa. Se requiere investigación adicional para explorar los potenciales usos de estas enzimas.
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