Genetic diversity of Hieronyma alchorneoides (Phyllanthaceae) using Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphisms (AFLP) in Costa Rica
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15517/zbxcxm65Keywords:
AFLP, Phyllanthaceae, genetic diversity, tropical rain forestAbstract
Introduction: Hieronyma alchorneoides (Pilón) is a threatened and economically important timber species in the wet forest of Costa Rica. Objectives: To assess the extent of the genetic diversity between and within populations of H. alchorneoides in Costa Rica. Methods: A total of 245 samples were obtained from five regions from protected areas, secondary forest and pastures in Costa Rica. These were analyzed by amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP). AFLP were used to measure genetic diversity with % polymorphic loci, Shannon diversity index, population structure (AMOVA) and a principal coordinate analysis (PCA). An UPGMA dendrogram based on neighbor-joining cluster was performed Results: Five primers were used to generate 213 polymorphic bands. Molecular variance indicated a 73 % within locations with a PhiPT (ϕ st) of 0.266 and an expected heterozygosity from 0.298 to 0.363. The PCA showed five different groups: Northeast, Northwest, East, Central and Southwest. The AMOVA confirmed the assignment of the five groups, but the dendrogram arranged the sites in three groups: individuals from the Northeast and Northwest, individuals from the Central and Southwest, and individuals from the East. Conclusions: The results suggest that H. alchorneoides has a wide range distribution in Costa Rica with a long-distance gene flow that keeps maintaining the genetic diversity between regions. Further research must be accomplished to enrich the information generated by this study.
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