Desarrollo de la capacidad local para la restauración de arrecifes de coral: perspectivas de dos AMPs del Caribe
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15517/chgx9f68Palabras clave:
métodos de investigación participativa; entrevistas; análisis FODA; análisis cualitativo; Reserva de la Biosfera Seaflower; Parque Nacional Laughing Bird Caye.Resumen
Introducción: La restauración de arrecifes de coral requiere fortalecer la capacidad local e involucrar a actores clave durante la planificación e implementación para reducir conflictos y potenciar los resultados ecológicos y socioeconómicos.
Objetivos: Comparar perspectivas de los actores sobre participación comunitaria en la restauración de arrecifes de coral en la Reserva de Biosfera Seaflower (Colombia) y el Parque Nacional Laughing Bird Caye (Belice), y elaborar lineamientos adaptados para el desarrollo de estrategias de participación efectivas.
Métodos: Se realizó un estudio de caso múltiple en la Reserva de la Biosfera Seaflower (Colombia) y el Parque Nacional Laughing Bird Caye (Belice), recopilando datos de campo durante ocho meses mediante entrevistas, encuestas y análisis FODA, codificando los datos cualitativos y analizando las encuestas mediante pruebas t de dos muestras independientes.
Resultados: La estrategia principal para fortalecer la participación en la restauración de arrecifes de coral fue el desarrollo de capacidades locales, complementada con planificación estratégica, elaboración de presupuestos e iniciativas educativas dirigidas a la juventud. Los encuestados de la Reserva de la Biosfera Seaflower expresaron mayor preocupación por el deterioro de los corales, un sentido más fuerte de identidad con el arrecife y se sintieron personalmente afectados por estos problemas. En contraste, los residentes de Laughing Bird Caye se enfocaron más en oportunidades económicas, reuniones comunitarias y enfoques educativos pasivos.
Conclusiones: Estos lineamientos ofrecen un marco flexible para la participación comunitaria en la restauración de arrecifes de coral, destacando la importancia de comprender los contextos socioeconómicos y culturales, identificar actores clave y fomentar relaciones de confianza, inclusivas y transparentes, para empoderar a las comunidades y priorizar su participación en los esfuerzos de restauración.
Descargas
Referencias
Alicea, E. (2010). Laughing Bird Caye National Park management plan 2011-2016: A component of Belize’s World Heritage Site (NOAA Document No. 820). United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Coral Reef Conservation Program. https://repository.library.noaa.gov/view/noaa/820/noaa_820_DS1.pdf
Agrawal, A., & Gibson, C. C. (1999). Enchantment and disenchantment: the role of community in natural resource conservation. World Development, 27(4), 629–649. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0305-750X(98)00161-2 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0305-750X(98)00161-2
Ayers, J., & Forsyth, T. (2009). Community-based adaptation to climate change. Environment: Science and Policy for Sustainable Development, 51(4), 22–31. https://doi.org/10.3200/ENV.51.4.22-31 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3200/ENV.51.4.22-31
Bai, H., & Romanycia, S. (2013). Learning from hermit crabs, mycelia, and banyan. In R. B. Stevenson, M. Brody, J. Dillon, & A. E. J. Wals (Eds.), International handbook of research on environmental education (pp. 101–107). Routledge. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203813331-26
Barnes, M. L., Bodin, Ö., McClanahan, T. R., Kittinger, J. N., Hoey, A. S., Gaoue, O. G., & Graham, N. A. J. (2019). Social‑ecological alignment and ecological conditions in coral reefs. Nature Communications, 10(1), 2039–10. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-09994-1 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-09994-1
Boström-Einarsson, L., Babcock, R. C., Bayraktarov, E., Ceccarelli, D., Cook, N., Ferse, S. C. A., Hancock, B., Harrison, P., Hein, M., Shaver, E., Smith, A., Suggett, D., Stewart-Sinclair, P. J., Vardi, T., & McLeod, I. M. (2020). Coral restoration-A systematic review of current methods, successes, failures and future directions. PloS One, 15(1), e0226631. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone 0226631 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0226631
Carter, L., Cosijn, M., Williams, L. J., Chakraborty, A., & Kar, S. (2022). Including marginalised voices in agricultural development processes using an ethical community engagement framework in West Bengal, India. Sustainability Science, 17(2), 485–496. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11625-021-01055-1 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11625-021-01055-1
Carter, L., Williams, L., & Cosijn, M. (2019). The principles and practices of ethical community engagement: Resources to support engaging for impact [Technical report]. Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research, Australian Government.
Creswell, J. W. (2007). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches (2nd Ed.). SAGE.
De Winter, J. C. F., Gosling, S. D., & Potter, J. (2016). Comparing the Pearson and Spearman correlation coefficients across distributions and sample sizes: A tutorial using simulations and empirical data. Psychological Methods, 21(3), 273–290. https://doi.org/10.1037/met0000079 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/met0000079
FAO, IUCN, CEM, & SER. (2021). Principles for ecosystem restoration to guide the United Nations Decade 2021–2030. [Manual]. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. https://openknowledge.fao.org/handle/20.500.14283/cb6591en
Grimmette, K. A. (2014). The impacts of environmental education on youth and their environmental awareness [Undergraduate thesis]. University of Nebraska–Lincoln, United States of America.
Hallett, L. M., Aoyama, L., Barabás, G., Gilbert, B., Larios, L., Shackelford, N., Werner, C. M., Godoy, O., Ladouceur, E. R., Lucero, J. E., Weiss-Lehman, C. P., Chase, J. M., Chu, C., Harpole, W, S., Mayfield, M. M., Faist, A. M., & Shoemaker, L. G. (2023). Restoration ecology through the lens of coexistence theory. Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 38(11), 1085–1095. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2023.06.004 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2023.06.004
Hein, M. Y., Birtles, A., Willis, B. L., Gardiner, N., Beeden, R., & Marshall, N. A. (2019). Coral restoration: Socio-ecological perspectives of benefits and limitations. Biological Conservation, 229, 14–25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2018.11.014 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2018.11.014
Hein, M. Y., & Staub, F. (2021). Mapping the global funding landscape for coral reef restoration [Technical report]. International Coral Reef Initiative (ICRI). icriforum.org
Hein, M. Y., Vardi, T., Shaver, E. C., Pioch, S., Boström-Einarsson, L., Ahmed, M., Grimsditch, G., & McLeod, I. M. (2021). Perspectives on the use of coral reef restoration as a strategy to support and improve reef ecosystem services. Frontiers in Marine Science, 8, 618303. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2021.618303 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2021.618303
Kuckartz, U., & Rädiker, S. (2019). Analyzing qualitative data with MAXQDA: Text, audio, and video. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-15671-8 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-15671-8
Leigh, D. (2009). SWOT analysis. In K. H. Silber, W. R. Foshay, R. Watkins, D. Leigh, J. L. Moseley, & J. C. Dessinger (Eds.), Handbook of improving performance in the workplace (Vol. 1–3, pp. 115–140). Pfeiffer. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470592663.ch24 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470592663.ch24
McClanahan, T. R., Graham, N. A. J., MacNeil, M. A., & Cinner, J. E. (2015). Biomass‑based targets and the management of multispecies coral reef fisheries. Conservation Biology, 29(2), 409–417. https://doi.org/10.1111/cobi.12430 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/cobi.12430
Monroe, M. C. (2003). Two avenues for encouraging conservation behaviors. Human Ecology Review, 10(2), 113–125.
Nawaz, S., Bood, N., & Shal, V. (2017). Natural heritage, natural wealth: highlighting the economic benefits of the Belize Barrier Reef Reserve System World Heritage Site [Technical Report]. World Wildlife Fund.
Nelson, C. R., Bowers, K., Lyndall, J. L., Munro, J., & Stanley, J. T. (2017). Professional certification in ecological restoration: improving the practice and the profession. Restoration Ecology, 25(1), 4–7. https://doi.org/10.1111/rec.12484 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/rec.12484
Nelson, C. R., Hallett, J. G., Romero Montoya, A. E., Andrade, A., Besacier, C., Boerger, V., Bouazza, K., Chazdon, R., Cohen-Shacham, E., Danano, D., Diederichsen, A., Fernandez, Y., Gann, G. D., Gonzales, E. K., Gruca, M., Guariguata, M. R., Gutierrez, V., Hancock, B., Innecken, P. … Weidlich, E. W. A. (2024). Standards of practice to guide ecosystem restoration – A contribution to the United Nations Decade on Ecosystem Restoration 2021–2030 [Technical report]. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Society for Ecological Restoration, & International Union for Conservation of Nature. https://doi.org/10.4060/cc9106en DOI: https://doi.org/10.4060/cc9106en
Ojha, H. R., Ford, R., Keenan, R. J., Race, D., Carias Vega, D., Baral, H., & Sapkota, P. (2016). Delocalizing communities: Changing forms of community engagement in natural resources governance. World Development, 87, 274–290. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2016.06.017 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2016.06.017
Ostrom, E. (1990). Governing the commons: The evolution of institutions for collective action. Cambridge University. Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511807763
Pocock, M. J. O., Roy, H. E., Preston, C. D., & Roy, D. B. (2015). The biological records center: a pioneer of citizen science. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 115(3), 475–493. https://doi.org/10.1111/bij.12548 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/bij.12548
Rodríguez-Martínez, R., & Ortiz, L. M. (1999). Coral reef education in schools of Quintana Roo, Mexico. Ocean & Coastal Management, 42(12), 1061–1068. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0964-5691(99)00061-7 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0964-5691(99)00061-7
Salerno, J., Andersson, K., Bailey, K. M., Hilton, T., Mwaviko, K. K., Simon, I. D., Bracebridge, C., Mangewa, L. J., Nicholas, A., Rutabanzibwa, H., & Hartter, J. (2021). More robust local governance suggests positive effects of long-term community conservation. Conservation Science and Practice, 3(1), e297. https://doi.org/10.1111/csp2.297 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/csp2.297
Sebens, K. P. (1994). Biodiversity of coral reefs: what are we losing and why? Integrative and Comparative Biology, 34(1), 115–133. https://doi.org/10.1093/icb/34.1.115 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/icb/34.1.115
Souter, D., Planes, S., Wicquart, J., Logan, M., Obura, D., & Staub, F. (2021). Status of coral reefs of the world: 2020 report [Technical report]. Global Coral Reef Monitoring Network (GCRMN) and International Coral Reef Initiative (ICRI). https://doi.org/10.59387/WOTJ9184 DOI: https://doi.org/10.59387/WOTJ9184
Sterling, E. J., Betley, E., Sigouin, A., Gomez, A., Toomey, A., Cullman, G., Malone, C., Pekor, A., Arengo, F., Blair, M., Filardi, C., Landrigan, K., & Porzecanski, A. L. (2017). Assessing the evidence for stakeholder engagement in biodiversity conservation. Biological Conservation, 209, 159–171. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2017.02.008 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2017.02.008
Stern, P. C. (2000). New environmental theories: toward a coherent theory of environmentally significant behavior. Journal of Social Issues, 56(3), 407–424. https://doi.org/10.1111/0022-4537.00175 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/0022-4537.00175
Suggett, D. J., Edwards, M., Cotton, D., Hein, M., & Camp, E. F. (2023). An integrative framework for sustainable coral reef restoration. One Earth (Cambridge, Mass.), 6(6), 666–681. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oneear.2023.05.007 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oneear.2023.05.007
Taylor, E., Baine, M., Killmer, A., & Howard, M. (2013). Seaflower marine protected area: governance for sustainable development. Marine Policy, 41, 57–64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2012.12.023 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2012.12.023
United Nations Environment Assembly. (2019). Report of the United Nations Environment Assembly of the United Nations Environment Programme. Fourth Session (Nairobi, 11–15 March 2019). General Assembly, Official Records (74th session, suppl. 25).
United Nations Environment Programme. (2021). Becoming #GenerationRestoration: Ecosystem restoration for people, nature and climate [Technical report]. UN Environmental Programme, & Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.
Uribe-Castañeda, N., Morales, N., Loizzo, J., Patterson, J., & Main, M. (2024). Community engagement in coral reef restoration in the Seaflower MPA, Colombia. Restoration Ecology, 32(8), e14268. https://doi.org/10.1111/rec.14268 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/rec.14268
Uribe-Castañeda, N., Newton, A., & Le Tissier, M. (2018). Coral reef socio-ecological systems analysis & restoration. Sustainability, 10(12), 4490. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10124490 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su10124490
Webb, W. A., Wells, E. C., Prouty, C., Zarger, R., & Trotz, M. (2024). Ethics and ambiguity in wastewater development on the Placencia Peninsula, Belize. Annals of Anthropological Practice, 48(1), 130–145. https://doi.org/10.1111/napa.12215 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/napa.12215
Descargas
Publicado
Número
Sección
Licencia
Derechos de autor 2026 Revista de Biología Tropical
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución 4.0.
Creative Commons Atrubución 4.0 Licencia (CC BY 4.0)
Reconocimiento (BY) • (BY) Debe atribuir el trabajo de la manera especificada por el autor o el licenciador (pero no de manera que sugiera que tiene la aprobación para el uso del trabajo).
