Pruebas de composiciones de malla biodegradables para mejorar los resultados de la microfragmentación de coral
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15517/5bdh4q44Palabras clave:
crecimiento coralino; sustratos biodegradables; restauración; innovación tecnológica.Resumen
Introducción: La microfragmentación de corales es una técnica ampliamente utilizada en restauración, tanto in situ como en viveros terrestres. Generalmente, los microfragmentos se fijan individualmente a pedestales o sustratos artificiales, lo que implica una elevada inversión de tiempo y mano de obra en el vivero y durante el trasplante en campo. Una alternativa consiste en emplear mallas biodegradables fijadas al sustrato como una unidad única que soporte múltiples microfragmentos. No obstante, aún se desconoce qué combinaciones de materiales ofrecen la resistencia mecánica, estabilidad y adhesión necesarias para mantener los fragmentos en su lugar tras la degradación parcial del material. Por ello, es prioritario evaluar experimentalmente materiales biodegradables que optimicen tanto la estabilidad como el crecimiento coralino.
Objetivo: Evaluar si dos polímeros (PCL y CAPA) combinados con distintas concentraciones de CaCO₃ influyen en las tasas de crecimiento coralino y en la eficiencia operativa en vivero y en campo.
Métodos: Se realizó un experimento multifactorial controlado con diseño de bloques completamente aleatorizado durante seis meses. Se evaluó el efecto de la composición de la malla sobre el crecimiento acumulado en área y volumen de Montastraea cavernosa, cuantificado mediante fotogrametría (Structure from Motion, SfM). Asimismo, se compararon los tiempos de operación en vivero (manejo, adhesión y limpieza) y durante el trasplante en campo, con y sin uso de mallas.
Resultados: No se detectaron efectos estadísticamente significativos de la composición de la malla sobre las tasas de crecimiento durante el período evaluado. El crecimiento promedio en área osciló entre 0.5 y 0.8 mm², con interacción significativa entre tratamiento, tanque y tiempo, evidenciando bajo crecimiento y alta variabilidad entre tanques. El incremento volumétrico varió entre 0.25 y 0.62 cm³, sin diferencias significativas entre tratamientos. Sin embargo, el uso de mallas redujo el tiempo de manejo en vivero en aproximadamente 20 minutos por estantería de 18 fragmentos.
Conclusiones: Independientemente de su composición, las mallas biodegradables constituyen una alternativa viable para optimizar la propagación asexual mediante microfragmentación, mejorando la eficiencia operativa sin comprometer el crecimiento coralino.
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