Growth, recruitment and life history parameters of fish in Andean reservoirs
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15517/rev.biol.trop..v73i1.57525Keywords:
life history; von Bertalanffy; Porce river; recruitment; ecological filter.Abstract
Introduction: The formation of new anthromes such as reservoirs and dams to generate energy for human consumption, provides new environmental scenarios that condition the survival of the pre-existing fish species in the modified system.
Objective: To estimate some of the main population attributes in relation to growth and recruitment discussed in the context of the life histories of the species analyzed for a high-Andean river system.
Methods: Based on the historical sequence (2005-2017) for the seven species with the highest numerical record and frequency distributions, a typical population parameter estimation analysis was employed following the Growth Model proposed by von Bertalanffy (MCvB) and empirical equations to the respective complementary parameters.
Results: A total of 28 651 frequency lengths were analyzed, finding that those species with rapid growth and lower longevity prefer artificial lacustrine environments, species with opportunistic life history strategies (Astyanax microlepis and Roeboides dayi) and with a bimodal recruitment pattern, while species with intermediate growth were seasonal (Brycon henni y Hemibrycon caucanus), registered in tributaries to the reservoir, and in equilibrium (Andinoacara latifrons, Chaetostoma thomsoni and Coptodon rendalli) mainly associated with rivers, reservoirs, and streams or transitional environments to reservoirs.
Conclusion: The analysis of information on the population dynamics and live history of fish coexisting in a reservoir and its surrounding environments suggests a spatial segregation of fish species in response to a possible selection of their biological traits and other bioecological characteristics that sustain their local populations.
Downloads
References
Agostinho, A. A., Miranda, L. E., Bini, L. M., Gomes, L. C., Thomas, S. M., & Suzuki, H. I. (1999). Patterns of colonization in Neotropical reservoirs and prognoses on aging. In J. G. Tundisi, & S. M. (Eds.), Theorical Reservoir Ecology and its Applications (pp. 227–265). Backhuys Publishers.
Agostinho, A. A., Ortega, J. C. G., Bailly, D., da Graça, W. J., Pelicice, F. M., & Júlio, H. F. (2021). Introduced cichlids in the americas: distribution patterns, invasion ecology, and impacts. In M. E. Abate, & D. L. G. Noakes (Eds.), The Behavior, Ecology and Evolution of Cichlid Fishes (pp. 313–361). Springer Netherlands. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-024-2080-7_10 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-024-2080-7_10
Agostinho, A. A., Pelicice, F. M., & Gomes, L. C. (2008). Dams and the fish fauna of the Neotropical region: Impacts and management related to diversity and fisheries. Brazilian Journal of Biology, 68(S4), 1119–1132. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1519-69842008000500019 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/S1519-69842008000500019
Álvarez-Bustamante, J., Jiménez-Segura, L. F., & Jaramillo-Villa, Ú. (2018). Ictiofauna de embalses en cascada en el cauce de un río tropical andino. Actualidades Biológicas, 40(108), 46–58. https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.acbi.v40n108a05 DOI: https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.acbi.v40n108a05
Baltz, D. M., Fleeger, J. W., Rakocinski, C. F., & McCall, J. N. (1998). Food, density, and microhabitat: Factors affecting growth and recruitment potential of juvenile saltmarsh fishes. Environmental Biology of Fishes, 53(1), 89–103. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1007471724608 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1007471724608
Beverton, R. J. H., & Holt, S. J. (1993). On the Dynamics of Exploited Fish Populations. Springer Netherlands. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2106-4 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2106-4
Bœuf, G., & Payan, P. (2001). How should salinity influence fish growth? Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C: Toxicology & Pharmacology, 130(4), 411–423. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/S1532-0456(01)00268-X DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1532-0456(01)00268-X
Builes, J., & Urán, A. (1974). Estudio del ciclo sexual de la Sabaleta Brycon henni Eigenmann su comportamiento y fecundación artificial. Actualidades Biológicas, 3(7), 2–12. https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.acbi.330722 DOI: https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.acbi.330722
Chen, Y., Jackson, D. A., & Harvey, H. H. (1992). A comparison of von Bertalanffy and polynomial functions in modelling fish growth data. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 49(6), 1228–1235. https://doi.org/10.1139/f92-138 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1139/f92-138
Corantioquia, Minambiente, Cornare, Area_Metropolitana, Fondo_Adaptación, & Cpa. (2015). Actualización POMCA rio Aburra Plan de ordenación y manejo de la cuenca hidrográfica [Informe técnico]. Ministerio de Ambiente y Desarrollo Sostenible. https://www.metropol.gov.co/ambiental/recurso-hidrico/pomca/2018/Documento_POMCA/DOCUMENTO_POMCA dic.pdf
da Costa, M. R., Tubino, R. de A., & Monteiro-Neto, C. (2018). Length-based estimates of growth parameters and mortality rates of fish populations from a coastal zone in the Southeastern Brazil. Zoologia, 35, 1–8. https://doi.org/10.3897/zoologia.35.e22235 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/zoologia.35.e22235
Formacion, S. P., Rongo, J. M., & Sambilay, V. C. (1992). Extreme value theory applied to the statistical distribution of the largest lengths of fish. Asian Fisheries Science, 4, 123–135. DOI: https://doi.org/10.33997/j.afs.1991.4.2.001
Froese, R., & Pauly, D. (Eds.). (2022). FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication. www.fishbase.org
Gallo, N. D., & Jeffery, W. R. (2012). Evolution of space dependent growth in the Teleost Astyanax mexicanus. PLoS ONE, 7(8), e41443. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0041443 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0041443
Gallo-Sánchez, L. J., Flórez-Molina, M. T., & Parra-Sánchez, L. N. (2014). Reconstrucción de las concentraciones de materia orgánica y nutrientes mediante espectrometría y análisis de diatomeas en tres embalses de Antioquia. Revista de la Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, 38(149), 409. https://doi.org/10.18257/raccefyn.67 DOI: https://doi.org/10.18257/raccefyn.67
García-Alzate, C. A., DoNascimiento, C., Villa-Navarro, F. A., García-Melo, J. E., & Herrera-R., G. A. (2021). Diversidad de peces de la cuenca del río Magdalena, Colombia. In C. A. Lasso, & L. F. Jiménez-Segura (Eds.), Peces de la cuenca del río Magdalena, Colombia: diversidad, conservación y uso sostenible (pp. 85–113). Instituto de Investigacion de Recursos Biologicos Alexander von Humboldt (IAVH). DOI: https://doi.org/10.21068/B2020RRHHXIX02
Gaviria, M., & Arroyave, L. (2015). Evaluation of two levels of protein in diets for the Sabaleta Brycon Henni juveniles (Eigenmann, 1913). Revista Colombiana de Investigaciones Agroindustriales, 2, 61. https://doi.org/10.23850/24220582.170 DOI: https://doi.org/10.23850/24220582.170
Gayanilo, F. C., Sparre, P., & Pauly, D. (2002). FAO-ICLARM Stock Assesstment Tools (FiSAT) (Versión 1.2. 0.) [Computer Software]. FAO.
Handayani, H., Anggoro, S., Hendrarto, B., & Kohar, A. (2016). Policy on fishery extension in local marine conservation area Mayalibit Bay in Raja Ampat Regency, West Papua Province. Aquaculture, Aquarium, Conservation & Legislation-International Journal of the Bioflux Society (AACL Bioflux), 9(1), 20–33.
Henderson, P. A. (2005). The growth of tropical fishes. Fish Physiology, 21(C), 85–100. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1546-5098(05)21003-8 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1546-5098(05)21003-8
Herrera-Pérez, J., Jiménez-Segura, L. F., Márquez, E. J., Campo, O., & Soto-Calderón, I. D. (2023). Genetic diversity and structure of Brycon henni in regulated and non-regulated water flow rivers of the Colombian Andes. Frontiers in Environmental Science, 11, 38. https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2023.1080028 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2023.1080028
Higgins, R. M., Diogo, H., & Isidro, E. J. (2015). Modelling growth in fish with complex life histories. Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries, 25(3), 449–462. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11160-015-9388-8 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11160-015-9388-8
Hitt, N. P., Rogers, K. M., Kelly, Z. A., Henesy, J., & Mullican, J. E. (2020). Fish life history trends indicate increasing flow stochasticity in an unregulated river. Ecosphere, 11(2), e03026. https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.3026 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.3026
Huertas-Rodríguez, J. C., Sanín-Acevedo, C., & Cataño, A. (2022). Los peces y sus servicios ecosistémicos en la cuenca del río Porce. Actualidades Biológicas, 40(S108), 72–84. https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.acbi.v40n108a07 DOI: https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.acbi.v40n108a07
Hurtado-Alarcón, J. C., Mancera-Rodríguez, N. J., & Saldamando-Benjumea, C. I. (2011). Variabilidad genética de Brycon henni (Characiformes: Characidae) en la cuenca media de los ríos Nare y Guatapé, sistema Río Magdalena, Colombia. Revista de Biología Tropical, 59(1), 269–282. https://doi.org/10.15517/rbt.v59i1.3196 DOI: https://doi.org/10.15517/rbt.v59i1.3196
Ibarra-Trujillo, E. J., & García-Alzate, C. A. (2017). Ecología trófica y reproductiva de Hemibrycon sierraensis (Characiformes: Characidae) pez endémico del río Gaira, Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia. Revista de Biología Tropical, 65(3), 1033. https://doi.org/10.15517/rbt.v65i3.29439 DOI: https://doi.org/10.15517/rbt.v65i3.29439
Imsland, A. K., Foss, A., Folkvord, A., Stefansson, S. O., & Jonassen, T. M. (2005). The interrelation between temperature regimes and fish size in juvenile Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua): Effects on growth and feed conversion efficiency. Fish Physiology and Biochemistry, 31(4), 347–361. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10695-005-4244-8 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10695-005-4244-8
Johnson, T. A., Lester, N. P., & Shuter, B. J. (2016). Recruitment. In J. F. Craig (Ed.), Freshwater fisheries ecology (pp. 830–845). John Wiley & Sons. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118394380.ch59
Jiménez-Segura, L. F., Álvarez, J., Ochoa-Orrego, L. E., Loaiza-Santana, A., Londoño-Velásquez, J. P., Restrepo-Santamaría, D., Aguirre, K., Hernandez-Serna, A., Correa-Rendón, J. D., & Jaramillo-Villa, Ú. (2014). Guía ilustrada peces cañón del río Porce, Antioquia. EPM. Universidad de Antioquia, Herbario Universidad de Antioquia.
Jiménez-Segura, L. F., Galvis-Vergara, G., Cala-Cala, P., García-Alzate, C. A., López-Casas, S., Ríos-Pulgarín, M. I., Arango, G. A., Mancera-Rodríguez, N. J., Gutiérrez-Bonilla, F., & Álvarez-León, R. (2016). Freshwater fish faunas, habitats and conservation challenges in the Caribbean river basins of north-western South America. Journal of Fish Biology, 89(1), 65–101. https://doi.org/10.1111/jfb.13018 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/jfb.13018
Jiménez-Segura, L. F., Herrera-Pérez, J., Valencia-Rodríguez, D., Castaño-Tenorio, I., López-Casas, S., Rios, M. I., Rondón-Martínez, Y. F., Rivera-Coley, K., Morales, J., Arboleda, M. F., Muñoz-Duque, S., Atencio-García, V., Galeano-Moreno, A. F., Valbuena, R., Escobar-Cardona, J. L., Ospina-Pabón, J. G., García-Melo, J. L., Gualtero, D., Alonso, J. C., & Restrepo-Santamaría, D. (2021). Ecologia e historias de vida de los peces en la cuenca del río Magdalena, Colombia. In L. F. Jiménez-Segura, & C. A. Lasso (Eds.), Peces de la cuenca del río Magdalena, Colombia: diversidad, conservación y uso sostenible (pp. 159–203). Instituto de Investigacion de Recursos Biologicos Alexander von Humboldt. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21068/B2020RRHHXIX04
Jiménez-Segura, L. F., Restrepo-Santamaría, D., García-Melo, L. J., Torres-Velásquez, A. M., & Jaramillo-Villa, Ú. (2018). Peces dentro de túneles de descarga de una central hidroeléctrica del río Porce. Actualidades Biológicas, 40(108), 97–102. https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.acbi.v40n108a09 DOI: https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.acbi.v40n108a09
Jiménez-Segura, L. F., Restrepo-Santamaria, D., López-Casas, S., Delgado, J., Valderrama, M., & Gómez Gil, D. (2014). Ictiofauna y desarrollo del sector hidroeléctrico en la cuenca del río Magdalena-Cauca, Colombia. Biota Colombiana, 15, 3–25. https://doi.org/10.21068/bc.v15i2.317
King, J. R., & McFarlane, G. A. (2003). Marine fish life history strategies: Applications to fishery management. Fisheries Management and Ecology, 10(4), 249–264. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2400.2003.00359.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2400.2003.00359.x
Lester, N. P., Shuter, B. J., & Abrams, P. A. (2004). Interpreting the von Bertalanffy model of somatic growth in fishes: the cost of reproduction. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences, 271(1548), 1625–1631. https://doi.org/10.1098/RSPB.2004.2778 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2004.2778
Loaiza-Santana, A., Londoño-Velasquez, J. P., & Jiménez-Segura, L. F. (2018). Fecundidad de las especies de peces más abundantes en el área de influencia de los embalses en cascada Porce II y Porce III, Antioquia, Colombia. Actualidades Biológicas, 40(108), 38–45. https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.acbi.v40n108a04 DOI: https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.acbi.v40n108a04
Londoño-Velásquez, J. P., Loaiza-Santana, A., Jiménez-Segura, L. F., & Jaramillo-Villa, Ú. (2018). Reproducción de los peces en embalses en cascada en un río andino tropical (Colombia). Actualidades Biológicas, 40(108), 85–96. https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.acbi.v40n108a08 DOI: https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.acbi.v40n108a08
López-Sánchez, J. M., Hernández-Barrero, S. J., Valderrama-Barco, M. B., & Barreto-Reyes, C. (2018). Caracterización y estado de las pesquerías del embalse Porce II (Antioquia). Actualidades Biológicas, 40(108), 24–37. https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.acbi.v40n108a03 DOI: https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.acbi.v40n108a03
Lorenzen, K., & Camp, E. V. (2019). Density-dependence in the life history of fishes: When is a fish recruited? Fisheries Research, 217, 5–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fishres.2018.09.024 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fishres.2018.09.024
Mancera-Rodríguez, N. J. (2017). Biología reproductiva de Brycon henni (Teleostei: Bryconidae) y estrategias de conservación para los ríos Nare y Guatapé, cuenca del río Magdalena, Colombia. Revista de Biología Tropical, 65(3), 1105–1119. https://doi.org/10.15517/rbt.v65i3.26826 DOI: https://doi.org/10.15517/rbt.v65i3.29453
Mangel, M., Quinn, T., & Deriso, R. (2000). Quantitative fish dynamics. Ecology, 81, 286–287. https://doi.org/10.2307/177155 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/177155
Maunder, M. N., & Thorson, J. T. (2019). Modeling temporal variation in recruitment in fisheries stock assessment: A review of theory and practice. Fisheries Research, 217, 71–86. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fishres.2018.12.014 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fishres.2018.12.014
Milena, S., & Arroyave, S. (2008). Evaluación de la calidad del agua del futuro Embalse Porce III por la influencia de la descarga del embalse Porce II Modelo de simulación de calidad del agua del futuro embalse Porce III. Revista Ingenierías Universidad de Medellín, 7(13), 21–37.
Mojica, J., Galvis, G., & Camargo, M. (1997). Peces del Catatumbo (1a ed.). D´Vinni Editorial Ltda.
Montoya, A. F., Arboleda, L., Echeverri, A., Restrepo, L. F., & Olivera-Angel, M. (2006). Maduración gonadal en hembras de sabaleta (Brycon henni ) y su relación con variables medioambientales. Revista de Biología Tropical, 54(1), 179–187.
Moreau, J., & Cuende, F. (2005). On improving the resolution of the recruitment patterns of fishes. ICLARM Fishbyte, 9, 45–46.
Murphy, B. R., & Willis, D. W. (Eds.). (1996). Fisheries techniques (2a ed.). American Fisheries Society.
Olaya-Nieto, C. W., Bautista-Blanco, A. L., & Pérez-Pisciotti, M. (2010). Biología reproductiva del cocobolo (Andinoacara pulcher Musilovã et al., 2009) (Pisces: Cichlidae) en la ciénaga grande de Lorica (Córdoba), Colombia. Actualidades Biológicas, 32, (92), 65–73. DOI: https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.acbi.331491
Parma, A. M., & Deriso, R. B. (1990). Dynamics of age and size composition in a population subject to size- selective mortality: Effects of phenotypic variability in growth. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 47(2), 274–289. https://doi.org/10.1139/f90-030 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1139/f90-030
Pauly, D. (1980). On the interrelationships between natural mortality, growth parameters, and mean environmental temperature in 175 fish stocks. Journal du Conseil / Conseil Permanent International pour l'Exploration de la Mer, 39(2), 175–192. https://doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/39.2.175 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/39.2.175
Perez-Lizama, M. A., & Ambrósio, A. M. (2003). Growth, recruitment and mortality of pequi Moenkhausia intermedia (Osteichthyes, Characidae) in the floodplain of Upper Paraná River, Brazil. Acta Scientiarum-Biological Sciences, 25(2), 329–333. https://doi.org/10.4025/actascibiolsci.v25i2.2020 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4025/actascibiolsci.v25i2.2020
Popma, T., & Masser, M. (1999). Tilapia Life History and Biology. Southern Regional Aquaculture Center, 283, 1–4.
Powell, D. G. (1979). Estimation of mortality and growth parameters from the length frequency of a catch [model]. Rapports et Proces-Verbaux Des Reunions, 175, 167–169.
Power, M. E. (2003). Life cycles, limiting factors, and behavioral ecology of four loricariid catfishes in a Panamanian stream. Catfishes, 2, 581–600.
Ramírez-Gil, H., & Ajiaco-Martínez, R. (2001). Familia: Cichlidae. In La pesca en la baja Orinoquia colombiana: una visión integral (pp. 187–195). Instituto Nacional de Pesca y Acuicultura (INPA).
Restrepo-Santamaria, D., Valencia-Rodriguez, D., Galeano, A. F., Herrera-Perez, J., & Jimenez-Segura, L. (2022). Rescate de peces aguas abajo de la presa Porce III (Colombia) para reducir su mortalidad. Biota Colombiana, 23(2), e1030. https://doi.org/10.21068/2539200X.1030 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21068/2539200X.1030
Román-Valencia, C., Ruiz-C., R. I., & Giraldo, A. (2008). Dieta y reproducción de dos especies sintópicas: Hemibrycon boquiae y Bryconamericus caucanus (Pisces: Characidae) en la quebrada Boquía, río Quindío, Alto Cauca, Colombia. Revista del Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales, 1, 55–62. https://doi.org/10.22179/REVMACN.10.292 DOI: https://doi.org/10.22179/REVMACN.10.292
Román-Valencia, C., & Botero, A. (2006). Tropic and reproductive ecology of species of Hemibrycon (Pices: Characidae) in Tinajas creek, Quindío River drainage, upper Cauca basin, Colombia. Revista del Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales, 8, 1–8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.22179/REVMACN.8.359
Sheperd, J. G. (1987). A weakly parametric method for estimating growth parameters from length composition data. In D. Pauly, & G. R. Morgan (Eds.), Length-based methods in fisheries research (pp. 113–119). ICLARM Conference Proceedings.
Sparre, P., & Venema, S. C. (1997). Introduction to tropical fish stock assessment. Fisheries Technical Paper, 306(1), 420.
Taylor, C. C. (1958). Cod growth and temperature. ICES Journal of Marine Science, 23(3), 366–370. https://doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/23.3.366 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/23.3.366
Tedesco, P. A., Hugueny, B., Oberdorff, T., Dürr, H. H., Mérigoux, S., & De Mérona, B. (2008). River hydrological seasonality influences life history strategies of tropical riverine fishes. Oecologia, 156(3), 691–702. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-008-1021-2 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-008-1021-2
Valencia-Rodríguez, D., Jiménez-Segura, L., Rogéliz, C. A., & Parra, J. L. (2021). Ecological niche modeling as an effective tool to predict the distribution of freshwater organisms: The case of the Sabaleta Brycon henni (Eigenmann, 1913). PLoS ONE, 16(3 March), e0247876. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0247876 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0247876
Weyl, O., & Hecht, T. (1998). The biology of Tilapia rendalli and Oreochromis mossambicus (Pisces: Cichlidae) in a subtropical lake in Mozambique. South African Journal of Zoology, 33, 178–188. https://doi.org/10.1080/02541858.1998.11448469 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/02541858.1998.11448469
Winemiller, K. O. (1989). Patterns of variation in life history among South American fishes in seasonal environments. Oecologia, 81(2), 225–241. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00379810 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00379810
Winemiller, K. O. (1992). Life-history strategies and the effectiveness of sexual selection. Oikos, 63(2), 318. https://doi.org/10.2307/3545395 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/3545395
Winemiller, K. O. (2005). Life history strategies, population regulation, and implications for fisheries management. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 62(4), 872–885. https://doi.org/10.1139/f05-040 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1139/f05-040
Winemiller, K. O., & Rose, K. A. (1992). Patterns of life-history diversification in North American fishes: implications for population regulation. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 49(10), 2196–2218. https://doi.org/10.1139/f92-242 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1139/f92-242
Zúñiga-Upegui, P. T., Villa-Navarro, F. A., García-Melo, J. L., García-Melo, J. E., Reinoso-Flórez, G., Gualtero-Leal, M. D., & Ángel-Rojas, V. J. (2014). Aspectos ecológicos de Chaetostoma sp. (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) en el alto río Magdalena, Colombia. Biota, 15(2), 80–94.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Revista de Biología Tropical
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License (CC BY 4.0)
Attribution (BY) • (BY) You must attribute the work in the manner specified by the author or licensor (but not in any way that suggests that they endorse you or your use of the work).
