Palabras clave
desigualdad
producción
intercambio
comparación
Social organization
inequality
production
exchange
comparison
Cómo citar
Resumen
Este artículo evalúa dos perspectivas teóricas de organización social en el Área Istmo-Colombiana, a través de la comparación de sociedades homólogas. Se procede a partir de las características de la basura doméstica antigua que se encuentra en los sitios arqueológicos, ya que éstas reflejan aspectos de organización social y actividades humanas en el pasado. Se examinan cuatro centros políticos durante su apogeo: Barriles (Panamá), Bolas (Costa Rica), El Hatillo (Panamá) y El Venado (Colombia). Los datos indican variaciones importantes en desigualdad social, producción artesanal y participación en el intercambio de bienes.Citas
Baldi, N. F. (2013). Genetic structure and biodemography of the rama amerindians from the southern caribbean coast of nicaragua (Tesis de doctorado inédita). Universidad de Kansas, Lawrence, Estados Unidos.
Bandy, M. (2004). Fissioning, scalar stress, and social evolution in early village societies. American Anthropologist, 106, 322-333.
Barrantes, R., Smouse P. E., Mohrenweiser H. W., Gershowitz H., Azofeifa J., Arias T. D. y J. Neel V. (1990). Microevolution in lower central america: genetic characterization of the chibcha-speaking groups of Costa Rica and Panama, and a consensus taxonomy based on genetic and linguistic affinity. American Journal of Human Genetics, 46, 63-84.
Behling, H. (2000). A 2860-year high-resolution pollen and charcoal record from the Cordillera de Talamanca in Panama: a history of human and volcanic forest disturbance. The Holocene, 10, 387-393.
Biese, L. P. (1967). The gold of Parita. Archaeology, 20, 202-208.
Boada, A. M. (2007). The evolution of social hierarchy in a muisca chiefdom of the Northern Andes of Colombia. Pittsburgh: Universidad de Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Center for Comparative Archaeology.
Brodie, L., Palumbo, S. y Corrales, F. (2016). Early social complexity at Bolas, Costa Rica: first year Southern Costa Rica Archaeological Project (SCRAP) results. Arqueología, 22, 409-418.
Bull, T. H. (1965). Report on archaeological investigations, Azuero Peninsula, province of Herrera, republic of Panama. Panama Archaeologist, 6, 42-47.
Carmack, R. M. y Salgado, S. (2006). A world-systems perspective on the archaeology and ethnohistory of the Mesoamerican / Lower Central American border. Ancient Mesoamerica, 17, 219-229.
Constenla, A. (1995). Sobre el estudio diacrónico de las lenguas chibchenses y su contribución al conocimiento del pasado de sus hablantes. Boletín del Museo del Oro, 38-39, 13-56.
Cooke, R. G. (2005). Prehistory of native americans on the Central American Landbridge: colonization, dispersal and divergence. Journal of Archaeological Research, 13, 128-187.
Cooke, R. G. (2016). Orígenes, dispersión y supervivencia de las sociedades originarias de la sub-región Istmeña de América: una reseña en el marco de la historia profunda. En M. Camargo (ed.), Encuentro: El Mar del Sur: 500 años después. Una visión interdisciplinaría (pp. 25-53). Panamá: Universidad de Panamá, Facultad de Humanidades.
Cooke, R. G. y Ranere, A. J. (1992). The origin of wealth and hierarchy in the Central Region of Panama (12,000-2000 BP) with oberservations in its relevance to the history and phylogeny of Chibchan-speaking polities in Panama and elsewhere. En F. W. Lange (ed.), Wealth and hierarchy in the Intermediate Area (pp. 243-316). Washington, D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks.
Corrales, F. (2000). An evaluation of long term cultural change in Southern Central America: the ceramic record of the Diquís Archaeological Subregion, Southern Costa Rica (Tesis de doctorado inédita). Lawrence: Universidad de Kansas.
Corrales, F. (2016). La Gran Chiriquí: una historia cada vez más profunda. Canto Rodado, 11, 27-58.
Damp, J. (1984). Architecture of the early Valdivia village. American Antiquity, 49, 573-585.
Dickau, R. (2005). Resource use, crop dispersals and the transition to agriculture in prehistoric Panama: evidence from starch grains and macroremains (Tesis de doctorado inédita). Universidad de Temple, Philadelphia, Estados Unidos.
Drennan, R. D. (1995). Chiefdoms in Northern South America. Journal of World Prehistory, 9, 301-340.
Drennan, R. D. y Peterson, C. E. (2005). Early chiefdom communities compared: the settlement pattern record for Chifeng, the Alto Magdalena, and the Valley of Oaxaca. En R. E. Blanton (ed.), Settlement, subsistence, and social complexity: essays honoring the legacy of Jeffrey R. Parsons (pp. 119-154). Los Angeles: Cotsen Institute of Archaeology.
Drolet, R. P. (1983). Al otro lado de Chiriquí, el Diquís: nuevos datos para la integración cultural de la región Gran Chiriquí. Vínculos, 9, 25-76.
Drolet, R. P. (1984). Residence and community integration During Aguas Buenas and Chiriqui Phases in the Diquis valley, Southeastern Costa Rica. En F.W. Lange (Ed.), The archaeology of Lower Central America (pp. 254-262). Albuquerque: Editorial de Universidad de New Mexico.
Drolet, R. P. (1988). The emergence and intensification of complex societies in Pacific Southern Costa Rica. En F. W. Lange (ed.), Costa Rican art and archaeology: essays in honor of Frederick R. Mayer (pp. 163-188). Boulder: Universidad de Colorado.
Drolet, R. P. (1992). The house and the territory: the organizational structure for chiefdom art in the Diquís Subregion of Greater Chiriquí. En F.W. Lange (ed.), Wealth and hierarchy in the Intermediate Area (pp. 207-241). Washington D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks.
Fitzgerald, C. M. (1996). Prestige goods in the archaeological sequences of Costa Rican and Panamanian chiefdoms. En C.H. Langebaek Rueda y F. Cardenas-Arroyo (eds.), Chieftains, power and trade: regional interaction in the Intermediate Area of the Americas (pp. 47-62). Bogotá: Universidad de los Andes.
Flannery, K. V. (1976). Research strategy and Formative Mesoamerica. En K.V. Flannery (ed.), The Early Mesoamerican village (pp. 1-12). New York: Academic Press.
Flannery, K. V. (2002). The origins of the village revisited: from nuclear to extended households. American Antiquity, 67, 417-433.
Flannery, K. V. y Marcus, J. (eds.). (1983). The cloud people: the divergent evolution of the Zapotec and Mixtec civilizations. New York: Academic Press.
Fonseca, O. (1997). La cerámica temprana de Costa Rica en el contexto del area histórica Chibchoide (400-2500 A.P.). Revista de Arqueología Americana, 13, 41-68.
Frost, R. J. (2009). The ancestors above, the people below: cemeteries, landscape, and dual organization in Late Pre-Columbian Costa Rica (Tesis de doctorado inédita). Universidad de Wisconsin, Madison, Estados Unidos.
Gabb, W. M. (1875). On the Indian tribes and languages of Costa Rica. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, 14, 483-602.
Geurds, A. y Van Broekhoven L.N. (2010). The similarity trap: engineering the greater-Caribbean, a perspective from the Isthmo-Colombian area. Journal of Caribbean Archaeology, 3(Publicación especial), 52-75.
González, V. (2007). Prehispanic change in the Mesitas community: documenting the development of a chiefdom’s central place in San Augustín, Huila, Colombia. University of Pittsburgh Memoirs in Latin American Archaeology, No.18. Pittsburgh: Universidad de Pittsburgh, Universidad de los Andes e Instituto Colombiano de Antropología e Historia (ICANH).
Graham, M. M. (1992). Art-tools and the language of power in the early art of the Atlantic Watershed of Costa Rica. En F.W. Lange (ed.), Wealth and hierarchy in the Intermediate Area (pp. 165-206). Washington D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks.
Graham, M. M. (1996). Merchants and metalwork in Middle America. En F.W. Lange (ed.), Paths to Central American prehistory (pp. 237-252). Niwot: Universidad de Colorado.
Griggs, J. (2005). The archaeology of Central Caribbean Panama (Tesis de doctorado inédita). Universidad de Texas, Austin, Estados Unidos.
Haberland, W. (1968). Las figuras líticas de Barriles, en Panamá. Boletín del Museo Chiricano, 6, 8-14.
Haberland, W. (1978). Lower Central America. En R. E. Taylor y C.W. Meighan (eds.), Chronologies in New World archaeology (pp. 395-430). New York: Academic Press.
Haller, M. J. (2004). The emergence and development of chiefly societies in the Río Parita Valley, Panama (Tesis de doctorado inédita). Universidad de Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Estados Unidos.
Haller, M. J. (2008). Asiento Viejo and the development of the Río Parita Chiefdom, Panama. Memoirs in Latin American Archaeology, No. 19. Pittsburgh: Universidad of Pittsburgh.
Hansell, P. K. (1987). The Formative in Central Pacific Panama: La Mula-Sarigua. En R. D. Drennan y C. A. Uribe (eds.), Chiefdoms in the Americas (pp. 119-139). Lanham: University Press of America.
Hansell, P. K. (1988). The rise and fall of an Early Formative community: La Mula-Sarigua, Central Pacific Panama (Tesis de doctorado inédita). Universidad de Temple, Philadelphia, Estados Unidos.
Helms, M. W. (1979). Ancient Panama: chiefs in search of power. Austin: Universidad de Texas.
Helms, M. W. (1992). Thoughts on public symbols and distant domains relevant to the chiefdoms of Lower Central America. En F.W. Lange (ed.), Wealth and hierarchy in the Intermediate Area (pp. 317-330). Washington D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks.
Henderson, H. y Ostler, N. (2005). Muisca settlement organization and chiefly authority at Suta, Valle de Leyva, Colombia: a critical appraisal of native concepts of house for studies of complex societies. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology, 24, 148-178.
Hoopes, J. W. (1992). Early formative cultures in the Intermediate Area: a background to the emergence of social complexity. En F.W. Lange (ed.), Wealth and hierarchy in the Intermediate Area (pp. 43-83). Washington, D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks.
Hoopes, J. W. (1996). Settlement, subsistence, and the origins of social complexity in Greater Chiriquí: a reappraissal of the Aguas Buenas tradition. En F. W. Lange (ed.), Paths to Central American prehistory (pp. 15-48). Niwot: Universidad de Colorado.
Hoopes, J. W. (2004). Atravesando fronteras y explorando la iconografía sagrada de los antiguos Chibchas en Centroamérica Meridional y Colombia Septentrional. Arqueología del Área Intermedia, 6, 129-166.
Hoopes, J. W. (2005). The emergence of social complexity in the Chibchan world of Southern Central America and Northern Colombia. Journal of Archaeological Research, 13, 1-47.
Hoopes, J. W. y Fonseca, O. (2003). Goldwork and Chibchan identity: endogenous change and diffuse unity in the Isthmo-Colombian Area. En J. Quilter y J.W. Hoopes (eds.), Gold and power in ancient Costa Rica, Panama, and Colombia (pp. 49-89). Washington D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks.
Isaza, I. (2007). The ancestors of Parita: Pre-Columbian settlement patterns in the Lower La Villa River Valley (Tesis de doctorado inédita). Universidad de Boston, Boston, Estados Unidos.
Jaramillo, L. G. (1996). Prehispanic chiefdoms in the Valle de la Plata (Volume 3): the socioeconomic structure of Formative 3 Communities. University of Pittsburgh Memoirs in Latin American Archaeology, No. 10. Pittsburgh: Universidad de Pittsburgh.
Kirch, P. V. (1984). The evolution of polynesian chiefdoms. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Kirch, P. V. y Green, R. C. (1987). History, phylogeny, and evolution in Polynesia. Current Anthropology, 28, 431-456.
Ladd, J. (1964). Archaeological investigations in the Parita and Santa Maria Zones of Panama. Smithsonian Institution Bureau of American Ethnology, Bulletin 193. Washington D.C.: US Government Printing Office.
Lange, F. W. (1992). Summary: perspectives on wealth and hierarchy in the Intermediate Area. En F. W. Lange (ed.), Wealth and hierarchy in the Intermediate Area (pp. 423-443). Washington D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks.
Langebaek, C. H. (1995). Regional archaeology in the muisca territory: a study of the Fúquene and Susa Valleys. University of Pittsburgh Memoirs in Latin American Archaeology, No. 9. Pittsburgh: Universidad de Pittsburgh.
Langebaek, C. H. (2001). Arqueología regional en el valle de Leiva: procesos de ocupación humana en una región de los Andes Orientales de Colombia. Informes Arqueológicos No. 2. Bogotá: Instituto Colombiano de Antropología e Historia.
Lathrap, D. W. (1970). The upper Amazon. New York y Washington: Praeger.
Linares, O. F. (1980). Conclusions. En O. F. Linares y A. J. Ranere (eds.), Adaptive radiations in Prehistoric Panama (Peabody Museum Monographs, vol. 5, pp. 233-247). Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
Linares, O. F. y Ranere, A. J. (eds.). (1980). Adaptive radiations in prehistoric Panama. Peabody Museum Monographs, No. 5. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
Linares, O. F. y Sheets, P. D. (1980). Highland agricultural villages in the Volcan Barú Region. En O. F. Linares y A. J. Ranere (eds.), Adaptive radiations in prehistoric Panama (pp. 44-55). Peabody Museum Monographs. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
Linares, O. F., Sheets, P. D. y Rosenthal E. J. (1975). Prehistoric agriculture in tropical highlands. Science, 187, 137-146.
Locascio, W. (2010). Communal tradition and the nature of social inequality among the prehispanic households of El Hatillo (He-4), Panama (Tesis de doctorado inédita). Universidad de Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Estados Unidos.
Lothrop, S. K. (1963). The Archaeology of the Diquís Delta, Costa Rica. Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology, Number 51. Cambridge: Harvard University.
Mayo, J. (2004). La industria lítica de Gran Coclé, Panamá, a finales del periodo cerámico medio. Resultados del análisis de material lítico de la operación de sitio Cerro Juan Díaz. Arqueología, Mayo-Agosto, 140-160.
Mayo, J. (2007). Gran Coclé: paisaje cultural del istmo de Panamá. Revista Española de Antropología Americana (Dossier), 37(1), 91-92.
Mayo, J. y Cooke, R. G. (2004). La industria lítica de Gran Coclé, Panamá, a finales del período cerámico medio: resultado del análisis de material lítico de la operación 8 del sitio Cerro Juan Díaz. Arqueología, 33, 140-160.
Melton, P. E. (2008). Genetic history and pre-Columbian diaspora of chibchan speaking populations: molecular marker evidence (Tesis de doctorado inédita). Universidad de Kansas, Lawrence, Estados Unidos.
Melton, P. E., Briceno, I., Gomez, A., Devor, E. J., Bernal, J. E. y Crawford, M. H. (2007). Biological relationships between Central and South American Chibchan speaking populations: evidence from mtDNA. American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 133, 753-770.
Menzies, A. C. J. (2009). Craft specialization and the emergence of the chiefly central place community of He-4 (El Hatillo), Central Panama (Tesis de doctorado inédita). Universidad de Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh.
Menzies, A. C. J. (2013). A multiscalar view on the evolution of social complexity in the Rio Parita Valley of Central Pacific Panama. En S. Palumbo, A. M. Boada, W. Locascio y A. C. J. Menzies (eds.), Multiscalar approaches to studying social organization and change in the Isthmo-Colombian Area (pp. 111-124). Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Center for Comparative Archaeology, el Universidad de Costa Rica y el Universidad de los Andes.
Mitchell, R. H. y Acker, J. (1961). A pottery collection from Parita. Panama Archaeologist, 4, 4-30.
Myers, T. (1978). Formative period interaction spheres in the Intermediate Area: archaeology of Central America and adjacent South America. En D. L Browman (ed.), Advances in Andean archaeology (pp. 203-234). The Hague: Mouton.
Palumbo, S. (2009). The development of complex society in the Volcán Barú Region of Western Panama (Tesis de doctorado inédita). Universidad de Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Estados Unidos.
Palumbo, S. (2013). Villages, wards, and houselots in Western Panama. En S. Palumbo, A. M. Boada Rivas, W. Locascio y A. C. J. Menzies (eds.), Multiscalar approaches to studying social organization and change in the Isthmo-Colombian Area (pp. 87-109). Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Center for Comparative Archaeology, Universidad de Costa Rica y Universidad de los Andes.
Palumbo, S., Brodie, L., Locascio, J., W., Buckley, G. y Corrales, F. (2013). Early social complexity in Southern Costa Rica: new evidence from Bolas. Antiquity Project Gallery, 87, 337.
Palumbo, S., Golitko, M., Christensen, S. y Tietzer, G. (2015). Basalt source characterization in the highlands of Western Panama using Portable X-Ray Fluorescence (pXRF) analysis. Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports, 2, 61-68.
Palumbo, S., Brodie, L., Berrey, C. A., Catalina, A., Corrales, F., Faddis, A. ... Tietzer, G. (2017). Investigaciones arqueológicas en la región del sitio Bolas (P-90 Bl-1), provincia de Puntarenas, Costa Rica: temporada de 2016. San José: Comisión Arqueológica Nacional.
Parsons, J. R. (1972). Archaeological settlement patterns. Annual Review of Anthropology, 1, 127-151.
Quilter, J. (2004). Cobble circles and standing stones: archaeology at the Rivas Site, Costa Rica. Iowa City: University of Iowa Press.
Quilter, J. y Blanco, A. (1995). Monumental architecture and social organization at the Rivas Site, Costa Rica. Journal of Field Archaeology, 22, 203-221.
Quintanilla, I. (2007). Esferas precolombinas de Costa Rica. San José: Fundación Museo de Banco Central.
Ranere, A. J. (1980). Stone tools and their interpretation. En O. Linares y A. J. Ranere (eds)., Adaptive radiations in prehistoric Panama (Peabody Museum Monographs, vol. 5, pp. 118-145). Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
Ranere, A. J. y Hansell, P. (1978). Early subsistence patterns along the Pacific Coast of Central Panama. En B. L Stark y B. Voorhies, B. (eds.), Prehistoric coastal adaptations: the economy and ecology of maritime Middle America (pp. 43-59). New York: Academic Press.
Sahlins, M. (1968). Tribesmen. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice Hall.
Sheets, P. D. (1992). The pervasive pejorative in Intermediate Area studies. En F. W. Lange (ed.), Wealth and hierarchy in the Intermediate Area (pp. 15-42). Washington D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks.
Sheets, P. D. (1999). The effects of exposive volcanism on ancient egalitarian, ranked and stratified societies in Middle America. En A. Oliver-Smith y S. Hoffman (eds.), The angry earth: disaster in anthropological perspective (pp. 36-58). New York: Routledge.
Sheets, P. D. (2006). The Cerén Site: a prehistoric village buried by volcanic ash in Central America. Ft. Worth: Harcourt, Brace, Jovanovich.
Sheets, P. D., Rosenthal, E. J. y Ranere, A. J. (1980). Stone tools from Volcan Barú. En O. Linares y A. J. Ranere, (eds), Adaptive radiations in prehistoric Panama (pp. 404-428). Peabody Museum Monographs. vol. 5. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
Shelton, C. (1984). Formative settlement in Western Chiriquí, Panamá: ceramic chronology and phase relationships (Tesis de doctorado inédita). Universidad de Temple, Philadelphia, Estados Unidos.
Snarskis, M. J. (1984). Prehistoric microsettlement patterns in the Central Highlands-Atlantic Watershed of Costa Rica. En F. W. Lange (ed.), Recent developments in isthmian archaeology: advances in the prehistory of Lower Central America (pp. 153-179). Oxford: BAR International Series 212.
Snarskis, M. J. (2003). From jade to gold in Costa Rica: how, why, and when. En J. Quilter y J. W. Hoopes (eds), Gold and power in ancient Costa Rica, Panama, and Colombia (pp. 205-244). Washington D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks.
Spang, S. y Rosenthal, E. J. (1980). The Pitti-Gonzalez (BU-17) site: excavations and stratigraphy. En O. Linares y A. J. Ranere, (eds), Adaptive radiations in prehistoric Panama (Peabody Museum Monographs, No. 5, pp. 280-287). Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
Stahl, P. W. y Ziedler, J. A. (1990). Differential bone-refuse accumulation in food-preparation and traffic areas on an early Ecuadorian house floor. Latin American Antiquity, 1, 150-169.
Stanish, C., Calisaya, P. Chavez, J., de la Vega, E., Lawrence, K., Onofre, L. ... Steadman, L. (1997). Archaeological survey in the Juli-Desaguadero region of Lake Titicaca Basin, Southern Peru. Fieldiana Anthropology N° 29. Chicago: The Field Museum of Natural History.
Stirling, M. (1950). Exploring ancient Panamá by helicopter. National Geographic Magazine, 97, 227-246.
Stone, D. Z. (1977). Pre-Columbian man in Costa Rica. Peabody Museum. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
Vidal, M. L. (1993). Las “estatuas” de Barriles, Chiriquí - República de Panamá. Buenos Aires: Edición Fundación del Rosario.
Wright, H. (2007). Early state formation in Central Madagascar: an archaeological survey of Western Avaradrano. Museum of Anthropology Memoirs, Number 43. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan.