Palabras clave
estudios regionales
organización social prehispánica
investigación comparativa
arqueología del oriente de Honduras
settlement pattern studies
regional studies
prehispanic social organization
comparative research
archaeology of eastern Honduras
Cómo citar
Resumen
Esta investigación explora la organización social de las comunidades prehispánicas del valle de Jamastrán en el Sureste de Honduras. A su vez, reconstruye el patrón demográfico de una región de 250 km² a través de una prospección sistemática de cobertura total. Nuestra evidencia cerámica indica que el valle de Jamastrám fue ocupado entre los años 600 y 1000 dC. La evidencia derivada de la comparación de diferentes trayectorias sociales en regiones del occidente, centro y oriente de Honduras señala tres factores comunes que sobresalen como elementos clave para entender el desarrollo de jerarquías sociales en dichas regiones; acceso a tierras agrícolas óptimas, producción artesanal e intercambio local, e interacciones interregionales. Cada uno de esos factores puede entenderse como componentes de dos estrategias políticas básicas: las económicas y las basadas en prestigio. La articulación o combinación de estos factores, así como la habilidad de conectar entre si las estrategias económicas y las de prestigio, permitieron la consolidación de formas permanentes de desigualdad social en varias regiones de la Honduras prehispánica. Proponemos que la historia demográfica del valle de Jamastrán está relacionada con procesos políticos y económicos más amplios e identificados en las trayectorias sociales de la mayoría de las áreas arqueológicamente conocidas de Honduras. Nuestra investigación en Jamastrán también indica que los aspirantes a líderes locales en el valle parecen haber fracasado en la articulación complementaria y efectiva de estrategias, tanto en las económicas como en las basadas en prestigio, encaminadas a fortalecer y/o consolidar su posición social, en contraste con otras regiones contemporáneas.
Citas
Ashmore, W. (1987). Cobble Crossroads: Gualjoquito Architecture and External Elite Ties. En E.J. Robinson (Ed.), Interaction on the Southeast Mesoamerican Frontier: Prehistoric and Historic Honduras and El Salvador (pp. 28-48) BAR International Series 327. Oxford: BAR.
Beaudry-Corbett, M., y J. Henderson (1993) Pottery of Prehistoric Honduras: Regional Classification and Analysis. Los Angeles: Institute of Archaeology, University of California.
Beaudry-Corbett, M. (1995) Informe Final Análisis de Cerámica Proyecto Arqueológico Talgua. Tegucigalpa: IHAH.
Baudez, C. F., y P. Becquelin (1973). Archéologie de Los Naranjos, Honduras. Collection Etudes Mésoaméricaines Vol. 2. Mexico City: Mission Archéologique et Ethnologique Française au Mexique.
Begley, C. (1999). Elite Power Strategies and External Connections in Ancient Eastern Honduras. Lexington: University of Kentucky.
Benyo, J. C., y T. L. Melchionne (1987). Settlement Patterns in the Tencoa Valley, Honduras: An Application of the Coevolutionary Systems Model. En E.J. Robinson (Ed.), Interaction on the Southeast Mesoamerican Frontier: Prehistoric and Historic Honduras and El Salvador (pp. 49-64) BAR International Series 327. Oxford: BAR.
Blanton, R. E., G. M. Feinman, S. A. Kowalewski, y L. M. Finsten (1993). Ancient Mesoamerica: A Comparison of Change in Three Regions. Cambridge:Cambridge University Press.
Blanton, R. E., G. M. Feinman, S. A. Kowalewski, y P. N. Peregrine (1996).A Dual Processual Theory for the Evolution of Mesoamerican Civilization. Current Anthropology 37(1):1-14.
Braswell, G.E., Salgado González S., Fletcher L.A., Glascock M.D. (2002). La Antigua Nicaragua, la Periferia Sureste de Mesoamérica y la Región Maya: Interacción Interregional (1-1522 d.C.). Mayab 15, Pp. 19-39.
Brumfiel, E.M. y Earle, T. K. (1987) Specialization, Exchange and Complex Societies. Cambridge University Press. Cambridge.
Camby, J. (1949) Excavations at Yarumela, Spanish Honduras. Disertación de Doctorado. University of Harvard, Cambridge.
Clark, J.E. y Blake, M. (1994) The power of prestige: competitive generosity and the emergence of rank societies in lowland Mesoamerica. In Factional Competition and Political Development in the New World. Edited by Elizabeth M. Brumfiel and John W. Fox. Cambridge University Press. Cambridge. Pp. 17-30
D’Altroy, T. N., y T.K. Earle (1992). Provincial Power in the Inca Empire. Washington D.C: Smithsonian Institution Press.
(1985) Staple Finance, Wealth Finance and Storage in the Inka Political Economy.Current Anthropology 26(2):187-197.
Dennett C.L. (2007) The Rio Claro Site (AD 1000-1530), Northeast Honduras: A Ceramic Classification and Examination of External Connections. Tésis de Maestría Trent University.
Dixon, B. (1989). A Preliminary Settlement Pattern Study of a Prehistoric Cultural Corridor: The Comayagua Valley, Honduras. Journal of Field Archaeology 16:257-271.
Drennan, R.D. (1988). Household Location and Compact versus Dispersed Settlement in Prehispanic Mesoamerica. En R.R. Wilk y W. Ashmore (Eds.), Household and Community in the Mesoamerican Past: Case Studies in the Maya Area and Oaxaca (pp. 273-293) Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press.
Drennan, R.D. y C.A. Uribe (1987) Chiefdoms in the Americas. Lanham: University Press of America.
Drennan, R.D., y D. Quattrin (1995). Social Inequality and Agricultural Resources in the Valle de la Plata, Colombia. En T. Douglas y G. Feiman (Eds), Foundations of Social Inequality. (pp. 73-81).New York: Plenum Publishing. New York.
Drennan, R. D., M. Teng, C.E. Peterson, G. Shelach, G.G. Indrisano, Y. Zhu, K. M. Linduff, y Z. Guo (2003). Approaches to Regional Demographic Reconstruction. En the Chifen International Collaborative Archaeological Research Project (Ed.), In Regional Archaeology in Eastern Inner Mongolia: A Methodological Exploration (pp. 152-165) Beijing: Science Press.
(2000) Las Sociedades Prehispánicas del Alto Magdalena. Instituto Colombiano de Antropología e Historia, Bogotá. (by Robert D. Drennan with the collaboration of Jeffrey P. Blick, Michael Coletti, Camilo Díaz, Víctor González F., Eva S. Hurliman, Luis Gonzalo Jaramilo E., Dale W. Quattrin, Carlos A. Sánchez, y Mary Taft)
Drennan, R.D., y Peterson C. (2004). Comparing Archaeological Settlement Systems with Rank-Size Graphs: A Measure of Shape and Statistical Confidence. Journal of Archaeological Science 31, 533-549.
(2005). Early Chiefdom Communities Compared: The Settlement Pattern Record for Chiefing, the Alto Magdalena, and the Valle de Oaxaca. En R. Blanton (Ed.), Subsistence, Settlement and Social Complexity (pp. 119-154). Los Angeles: Costen Institute of Archaeology.
Earle, T. K. y Ericson, J. E. (1977) Exchange Systems in Prehistory. Academic Press. New York.
Earle, T. K. (1982) Prehistoric Economics and the Archaeology of Exchange. In Contexts for Prehistoric Exchange. Academic Press. New York. Pp. 1-11.
(1987) Specialization and production of wealth: Hawaiian chiefdoms and the Inka empire. In Specialization, Exchange and Complex Societies. Edited by Elizabeth M. Brumfiel, and Timothy K. Earle. Cambridge University Press. Cambridge. Pp. 64-75
(1991) Chiefdoms, Power, Economy and Ideology. Edited by Timothy Earle. Cambridge University Press. Cambridge.
(1997) How Chiefs come to Power: The Political Economy in Prehistory. Standford University Press. Stanford, California.
Epstein, J. F. (1957) Late Ceramic Horizons in Northeastern Honduras. PhD Dissertation. University of Pennsylvania.
(1975) Survey of the Island of Roatan, Bay Islands, Honduras. Tegucigalpa: IHAH (unpublished report).
Ericson, J. E. y Earle, T. K.
Contexts for Prehistoric Exchange. Academic Press. New York.
Espinoza Perez, E., L. Fletcher and R. Salgado Galeano (1996). Arqueología de Las Segovias: Una Sequencia Cultural Preliminar. Managua: Instituto Nicaragüense de Cultura, Organización de los Estados Americanos.
Fried, M. (1967). The Evolution of Political Society. An Essay in Political Anthropology. New York: Random House.
Hasemann, G. E. (1987). Late Classic Settlement on the Sulaco River, Central Honduras. En R.D. Drennan y C.A.Uribe (Eds.), Chiefdoms in the Americas ( pp. 85-102) Lanham: University Press of America.
(1988) Regional Settlement History on the Lower Sulaco River, West Central Honduras: Rural Settlement Theory and Ancient Settlement Pattern in the Honduran Highlands. Tésis de Doctorado. Lexington: University of Kentucky.
Hasemann, G.E., y G. Lara Pinto (1993).La Zona Central: Regionalismo e Interacción. En R. Carmak (Ed.), Historia Antigua, Vol. 1, Historia General de Centroamérica (pp.135-216). Facultad Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales (FLACSO). Madrid: Editorial Siruela.
Healy, P.F. (1978). Excavations at Rio Claro, Northeast Honduras: Preliminary Report. Journal of Field Archaeology 5:15-28.
(1984a). The Archaeology of Honduras. En F.W. Lange F.W y D.Z. Stone (Eds.), The Archaeology of Lower Central America (pp. 113-161) Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press.
(1984b) .Northeast Honduras: A Precolumbian Frontier Zone. En F.W.Lange (Ed.), Recent Developments in Isthmian Archaeology (pp. 227-241) BAR International Series 212. Oxford: BAR.
(1987) . Ancient Honduras: Power, Wealth and Rank in Early Chiefdoms. En F.W. Lange (Ed.), Wealth and Hierarchy in the intermediate Area (pp. 85-108) Washington D.C: Dumbarton Oaks.
Helms, M. (1979). Ancient Panamá: Chiefs in Search of Power. Austin: University of Texas Press.
(1992) Thoughts on Public Symbols and Distant Domains Relevant to the Chiefdoms of Lower Central America. En F.W. Lange (Ed.), Wealth and Hierarchy in the Intermediate Area (pp. 317.330). Washington D.C: Dumbarton Oaks.
Henderson, J. (1977) The Valley of Naco: Ethnohistory and Archaeology in Northwestern Honduras. Ethnohistory 24:363-377.
(1979) El Noroeste de Honduras y la Frontera Oriental Maya. Yaxkin 2:241-254. Instituto Hondureño de Anthropología e Historia. Tegucigalpa.
Henderson, J., I. Wallace, A. Wonderley, y P. Urban (1979). Archaeological Investigations in the Valle de Naco, Northwest Honduras: A Preliminary Report. Journal of Field Archaeology (6): 169-192.
Hirth, K.G. (1988). Beyond the Maya Frontier: Cultural interactions and Syncretism along the Central Honduran Corridor. En E. Boone y G.R. Willey (Eds.), The Southeast Classic Maya Zone (pp. 297-334) Washington: Dumbarton Oaks.
(1993) Identifying Rank and Socioeconomic Status in Domestic Contexts: an Example from Central Mexico. In Prehispanic Domestic Units in Western Mesoamerica. Edited by R. S. Santley and K. G. Hirth, pp. 121-146. Boca Raton: CRC.
(1996) Political Economy and Archaeology: Perspectives on Exchange and Production. Journal of Archaeological Research 4:203-239.
Hirth, KG., G. Lara Pinto, and G. Hasemann (1989). Archaeological Research in the El Cajón Region, Vol.1. University of Pittsburgh Memoirs in Latin American Archaeology, No. 1. Tegucigalpa, Pittsburgh: IHAH, University of Pittsburgh.
Joyce, R. (1986). Terminal Classic Interaction on the Southeastern Maya Periphery. American Antiquity 51:313-329.
(1991) Cerro Palenque: Power and Identity on the Maya Periphery. Austin: University of Texas Press.
Lentz, D. (1989) Comtemporary Plant Communities in the El Cajón Region. In Archaeological Research in the El Cajón Region, Vol.1. Edited by K. Hirth, G. Lara Pinto and G. Hasemann, pp. 59-83. University of Pittsburgh: Pittsburgh.
Locker, W. (1989) Contemporary Land Use and Prehistoric Settlement: An Ethnoarchaeological Approach. In Archaeological Research in the El Cajón Region, Vol.1. Edited by K. Hirth, G. Lara Pinto and G. Hasemann, pp. 135-186. University of Pittsburgh: Pittsburgh.
Martínez, E. (2016). Organización social y demografía prehispánica en el valle de Jamastrán, Honduras. Revista de las Ciencias Sociales, Volumen 2, No.2, Instituto de Investigaciones Sociales, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Editorial Universitaria UNAH: Tegucigalpa.
McAnany, P.A. (1992). A theoretical Perspective on Elites and the Economic Transformations of Classic Period Maya Households. En S. Ortiz S. y S. Lees (Eds.), Understanding Economic Process, pp. 65-90. Lanham: University Press of America.
Murillo Herrera, M. (2009). Social Change in Pre-Columbian San Ramón de Alajuela, Costa Rica, and its adjacent regions. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh.
Parkinson, W. (Ed). (2002). The Archaeology of Tribal Societies. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan.
Peterson, C. y Robert D. Drennan. (2005). Communities, Settlements, Sites and Survey: Regional-scale Analysis of Prehistoric Human Interaction. American Antiquity 70 (1), 5-30.
Pope, K. O. (1987) The Ecology and Economy of the Formative-Classic Transition Along the Ulua River, Honduras. In Interaction on the Southeast Mesoamerican Frontier: Prehistoric and Historic Honduras and El Salvador. Edited by Eugenia J. Robinson. BAR International Series 327. Oxford. Pp. 95-128.
SAG (Secretaria de Agricultura y Ganaderia). (2003) Estudio de Producción Agrícola Bajo Riego. Tegucigalpa: SAG.
Salgado, S. (1996). Social Change in a Region of Granada, Pacific Nicaragua (1000 BC-1522 AD). Tésis de Doctorado. Albany: State University of New York
Service, E. (1962). Primitive Social Organization: An evolutionary Perspective. New York: Random House.
Schortman, E., P. Urban, W. Ashmore, and J. Benyo (1986). Interregional Interaction in the Southeast Maya Periphery: The Santa Barbara Archaeological Project 1983-84 Seasons. Journal of Field Archaeology 13:259-272.
Schortman, E., and P. Urban (1992). Current Trends in Interaction Research. En E.M. Schortman y P.A. Urban (Eds.), Resources, Power, and Interregional Interaction (pp. 235-225) New York: Plenum Press.
(1993) Sociopolitical Hierarchy and Craft Production: the Economic Bases of Elite Power in a Southeast Mesoamerican Polity. Tegucigalpa: IHAH.
(1994) Living on the Edge: Core/Periphery Relations in Ancient Southeastern Mesoamerica. Current Anthropology 35: 401-430.
(1995) Actions at a Distance, Impacts at Home: Prestige-Good Theory and a Pre-Columbian Polity in Southeastern Mesoamerica. In, Precolumbian World Systems. P. Peregrine and G. Feinman eds, pp. 97-114. Madison: Prehistory Press.
(2004). Marching out of Step: Early Classic Copan and Its Honduran Neighbors. En E.E. Bell, M.A, Canuto y R.J. Sharer (Eds.),Understanding Early Classic Copan (pp. 319–336) Philadelphia.
Sheets, P., K. Hirth, F. Lange, F. Stross, F. Asaro, and H. Michel (1990). Obsidian Sources and Elemental Analysis of Artifacts in Southern Mesoamerica and the Northern Intermediate Area. American Antiquity 55(1): 144-58.
Spencer, C. (1994) The development of centralized authority. In Factional Competition and Political Development in the New World. Edited by Elizabeth M. Brumfiel and John W. Fox. Cambridge University Press. Cambridge. Pp. 31-43.
Steward, J. (1955). Theory of Culture Change: The methodology of Multilinear Evolution. Urbana: University of Illinois Press
Urban, P. (1986) Precolumbian Settlement in the Naco Valley, Northwestern Honduras. In, The Southeast Maya Periphery. P. Urban and E. Schortman eds., pp. 275-295. Austin: University of Texas Press.
Urban, P. y E. Schortman (1988) The Southeastern Zone Viewed from the East: Lower Motagua-Chamelecon. In, The Southeast Classic Maya Zone. E. Boone and G. Willey eds., pp. 223-267. Washington, D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks.
Véliz, V. (1966) An Analysis of Ceramics from the Piedra Blanca Site, Northeastern Honduras. Master Thesis. University of Kansas.
(1978) Análisis Arqueológico de la cerámica de Piedra Blanca. Estudios Antropológicos e Históricos 1. Tegucigalpa: IHAH.
Viel R., y C. Begley (1992) La Secuencia Cerámica de Difficulty Hills, Roatán, Islas de la Bahía. Paper presented at the VI Seminario de Arqueología Hondureña. El Zamorano.
Winemiller, T., y V. Ochoa-Winemiller (2009 ). The Telica Connection: Community and Lifeways at Chichicaste and Dos Quedradas, Honduras. Paper presented at the 74th meeting of the SAA, Atlanta.