Palabras clave
Comaternity
Human evolution
Alloparenting
Anthropology
Humanization
Crianza cooperativa
Comaternidad
Evolución Humana
Antropología
Humanización
Aloparentaje
Cómo citar
Resumen
El artículo ofrece un estudio bibliográfico hermenéutico de una selección de 73 textos para dar cuenta del lugar de la crianza cooperativa en la historia evolutiva de la humanidad, evidenciando las bases biosociales de ese comportamiento cooperativo y altruista que se encuentra en la interdependencia entre los seres humanos, e incrementa la posibilidad de ser más aptos. Se evidencia el papel esencial de las relaciones cooperativas intergeneracionales, intrafamiliares, intergrupales e interculturales para la crianza humana. Se muestra, desde la diversidad biosociocultural, las tendencias teóricas asociadas a la comprensión del comportamiento cooperativo en la crianza. Adicionalmente, se exponen los autores más destacados y los métodos más frecuentes en el estudio de las variables asociadas con ese comportamiento cooperativo de la crianza. De esta manera, es posible visibilizar el proceso de crianza humana como una dinámica esencialmente social, en donde la colaboración altruista ha generado diversidad de estrategias culturales.
Citas
Barone, F. (2019). An Anthropology of Dads: Exploring Fatherhood in eHRAF. Human Relations Area Files. https://hraf.yale.edu/an-anthropology-of-dads-exploring-fatherhood-in-ehraf/
Bentley, G., y Mace, R. (eds.). (2009). Substitute parents: biological and social perspectives on alloparenting in human societies. Berghahn.
Bouchebti, S., Bodner, L., y Levin, E. (2022). Continuous exchange of nectar nutrients in an Oriental hornet colony. Communications Biology, 5(1), 1112. https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-022-04095-0
Burkart, J. M., y van Schaik, C. P. (2010). Cognitive consequences of cooperative breeding in primates? Animal Cognition, 13(1), 1-19. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10071-009-0263-7
Burkart, J., Hrdy, S., y van Schaik, C. (2009). Cooperative Breeding and Human Cognitive Evolution. Evolutionary Anthropology, 18, 175–186. https://doi.org/10.1002/evan.20222
Burkart, J., van Schaik, C., y Griesser, M. (2017). Looking for unity in diversity: human cooperative childcare in comparative perspective. Proceedings of the Royal Society B, 284(20171184). https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2017.1184
Carter, G. G., y Wilkinson, G. S. (2013). Food sharing in vampire bats: reciprocal help predicts donations more than relatedness or harassment. Proceedings of the Royal Society B, 280(1753), 1-6.
Carter, G. G., y Wilkinson, G. S. (2015). Social benefits of non-kin food sharing by female vampire bats. Proceedings of the Royal Society B, 282(1819), 1-5.
Covas, R., du Plessis, M. A., y Doutrelant, C. (2008). Helpers in colonial cooperatively breeding sociable weavers Philetairus socius contribute to buffer the effects of adverse breeding conditions. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 63(1), 103–112. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00265-008-0640-2
Crittenden, A., y Escasa-Dorne, M. (2014). Allomothers. En P. Whelehan y A. Bolin (eds.), The International Encyclopedia of Human Sexuality (pp. 64-66). John Wiley & Sons, Inc. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118896877.wbiehs021
Crittenden, A., y Meehan, C. (2016). Capítulo 11: Conclusion: emerging issues in studies of the evolution of childhood. En C. Meehan y A. N. Crittenden (eds.), Childhood: Origins, Evolution & Implications (pp. 199-220). University of New Mexico Press.
Darwin, C. (1871). The descent of man, and selection in relation to sex. D. Appleton and Company.
Emmott, E. H. (2014). Allomaternal investments and child outcomes in the United Kingdom. [Tesis de doctorado]. University College London.
Evans, R. (2014). Children as Caregivers. En A. Ben-Arieh, F. Casas, I. Frones y J. E. Korbin (eds.), Handbook of child well-being (pp. 1893-1916). Library of Congress.
Fagan, J., Levine, E. C., Kaufman, R., y Hammar, C. (2016). Low-income, nonresident fathers’ coparenting with multiple mothers and relatives: effects on fathering. Journal of Family Psychology, 30(6), 665–675. https://doi.org/10.1037/fam0000231
Fernandez-Duque, E., Huck, M., Van Belle, S., y Di Fiore, A. (2020). The evolution of pair-living, sexual monogamy, and cooperative infant care: Insights from research on wild owl monkeys, titis, sakis, and tamarins. American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 171(S70), 118–173. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.24017
Finzi, A., Rava, E., y D’Aniello, B. (2023). The begging strategy of andean dogs: an exploratory study. Animals, 13(4). https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13040704
Gómez Vargas, M., Galeano Higuita, C., y Jaramillo Muñoz, D. A. (2015). El estado del arte: una metodología de investigación. Revista Colombiana de Ciencias Sociales, 6(2), 423-442.
Hamilton, W. D. (1964a). The genetical evolution of social behaviour. I. Journal of Theoretical Biology, 7(1), 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-5193(64)90038-4
Hamilton, W. D. (1964b). The genetical evolution of social behaviour. II. Journal of Theoretical Biology, 7(1), 17-52. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-5193(64)90039-6
Hawkes, K., O´Connell, J. F., y Blurton Jones, N. G. (1989). Hard working hadza grandmothers.En V. Standen y R. Foley (eds.), Comparative socioecology of mammals and man (pp. 341-366). Blackwell
Hawkes, K., O’Connell, J. F., y Blurton Jones, N. G. (1997). Hadza women’s time allocation, offspring provisioning, and the evolution of long postmenopausal life spans. Current Anthropology, 38(4), 551-577. https://doi.org/10.1086/204646
Hawkes, K., y Smith, K. R. (2010) Do women stop early? Similarities in fertility decline in humans and chimpanzees. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1204, 43-53.
Heinsohn, R., y Double, M. C. (2004). Cooperate or speciate: new theory for the distribution of passerine birds. Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 19(2), 55−57.
Hepach, R, Benziad, L., y Tomasello, M. (2020). Chimpanzees help others with what they want: children help them with what they need. Developmental Science, 23(3), 2-12.
Herlosky, K., y Crittenden, A. (2022). Alloparenting. En S. Han y C. Tomon (eds.), The Routledge Handbook of Anthropology and Reproduction (pp. 604–617). Routledge Taylor & Francis Group.
Hewlett, B. y Winn, S. (2014). Allomaternal nursing in humans. Current Anthropology, 55(2), 1-30.
Higham, J. (2014). How does honest costly signaling work? Behavioral Ecology, 25(1), 8-11.
Hrdy, S. (2006). Evolutionary context of human development: the cooperative breeding model. En C. A. Salmon y T. K. Shackelford (eds), Family relationships: an evolutionary perspective, (Cap. 3, pp. 39–68). https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195320510.003.0003
Hrdy, S. B. (2009). Mothers and others: the evolutionary origins of mutual understanding. Belknap Press of Harvard University Press.
Hrdy, S. B. (2015). Evolutionary context of human development: the cooperative breeding model. En S. Carter, K. Ahmet, E. Grossmann, S. Hrdy y B. Lamb (eds), Attachment and bonding: a new synthesis.(pp. 9-32). Boston Review.
Hrdy, S. B. (2016) Variable postpartum responsiveness among humans and other primates with “cooperative breeding: a comparative and evolutionary perspective. Hormones and Behavior, (77), 272-283.
Jarvis, J. U. M., O’Riain, M. J., Bennett, N. C., y Sherman, P. W. (1994). Mammalian eusociality: A family affair. Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 9(2), 47-51.
Kaptijn, R., Thomese, F., TIlburg, T. G. V., y Liefbroer, A. C. (2010). How grandparents matter. Human Nature, 21, 393-405.
Keller-Garganté, C. (2015). Grupos de crianza colaborativa. [Tesis de maestría]. Instituto Interuniversitario de Estudios de Género (IIEDG).
Kramer, K., y Russell, A. (2015). Was monogamy a key step on the hominin road? Reevaluating the monogamy hypothesis in the evolution of cooperative breeding. Evolutionary Anthropology, 24(2), 73-83. https://doi.org/10.1002/evan.21445
Kramer, K. (2010). Cooperative breeding and its significance to the demographic success of humans. Annual Review of Anthropology, 39, 417-437. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.anthro.012809.105054
Kramer, K. (2009). Does it take a family to raise a child? En G. Bentley y R. Mace (eds), Substitute parents. Biological and social perspectives on alloparenting in human societies, (NED-New edition, pp. 77-99). Berghahn Books. http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt9qch9m
Kramer, K., y Otárola-Castillo, E. (2015). When mothers need others: the impact of hominin life history evolution on cooperative breeding. Journal of Human Evolution, 84 16-24. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0047248415000196
Kramer, K., y Veile, A. (2018). Infant allocare in traditional societies. Psysiology Behavior, 193 Part A, 117-126. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physbeh.2018.02.054
Kreider, J. J., Janzen, T., Bernadou, A., Elsner, D., Kramer, B. H., y Weissing, F. J. (2022). Resource sharing is sufficient for the emergence of division of labour. Nature Communications, 13(7232). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-35038-2
Lancy, D. (2015). The Anthropology of childhood (2da ed.). Cambridge University Press.
Lara-Álvarez, J. (2021). Copaternidad y comaternidad. [Tesis de licenciatura inédita]. Universidad de Chile, Facultad de Derecho.
Lee, H. J., Heim, V., y Meyer, A. (2016). Genetic evidence for prevalence of alloparental care in a socially monogamous biparental cichlid fish, Perissodus microlepis, from Lake Tanganyika supports the “selfish shepherd effect” hypothesis. Ecology and Evolution, 6(9), 2843-2853. https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.2089
McAndrew, F. (2019). Costly Signaling Theory. En T. K. Shackelford y V. A. Weekes-Shackelford (eds.), Encyclopedia of Evolutionary Psychological Science (pp. 1-8). Springer Nature. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-16999-6_3483-1
McHale, J., Dinh, K., y Rao, N. (2014). Understanding coparenting and family systems among east and southeast asian-heritage families. En H. Selin (ed.), Parenting across cultures (Vol. 7, pp 163–173). Springer.
McHale, J., y Sirotkin, Y. (2019). Coparenting in diverse family systems. En M. Bornstein (ed.), Handbook of parenting (3ra ed., pp. 125-154). Erlbaum
McHale, J., y Jones, S. (2022). Mothers, fathers, and coparenting others. En A. Vangelisti (ed.), Routledge Handbook of Family Communication (3rd ed., pp. 203-220). Taylor & Francis Group.
Meehan, C. (2005). The effects of residential locality on parental and alloparental investment among the Aka Foragers of the Central African Republic. Human Nature, 6(1) 62-84.
Meehan, C. L., Courtney, H., y Courtney, D. M. (2016). Capítulo 9: implications of lengthy development and maternal life history: allomaternal investment, peer relationship, and social networks. En C. Meehan y A. N. Crittenden (eds), Childhood: origins, evolution & implications (pp. 199-220). University New Mexico Press.
Meehan, C. L., Quinlan, R., y Malcom, C. D. (2013). Cooperative breeding and maternal energy expenditure among Aka foragers. American journal of human biology, 25(1), 42-57. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajhb.22336
Meehan, C. L. (2014). Allomothers and child well being. In: Handbook of Child Well-Being. En Asher Ben-Arieh, Ferran Casas, Ivar Frones, Jill E. Korbin (Eds). Library of Congress. pp. 1787-1816.
Meehan, C. L., Quinlan, R., y Malcom, C. D. (2013). Cooperative breeding and maternal energy expenditure among aka foragers. American Journal of Human Biology, 25(1), 42-57.
Miller, D., Duka, T., Stimpson, C. D., Schapiro, S., Baze, W., McArthur, M., Fobbs, A.J., Sousa, A.M.M. Sestan, N., Wildman, D.E., Lipovich, L. Kuzawa, Ch.W., Hof, P. R., y Sherwood, C. (2012) Prolonged myelination in human neocortical evolution. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 109(41), 16480-16485. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1117943109
Minuchin, S., Rosman, B., y Baker, L. (1978). Psychosomatic families. Harvard University Press.
O’Reilly, A. (Ed.). (2007). Maternal theory. Demeter Press.
Pelka, S. (2010). Observing multiple mothering: a case study of childrearing in the U.S. lesbian-led family. Journal of the Society of Psychological Anthropology, 38(4), 422-440.
Price, G. R. (1970). Selection and covariance. Nature, 227(5257), 520-521. https://doi.org/10.1038/227520a0
Quiatt, D. (1979). Aunts and mothers: adaptive implications of allomaternal behavior of nonhuman primates. American Anthropologist, 81, 310-319. https://doi.org/10.1525/aa.1979.81.2.02a00040
Roberts, G. (2005). Cooperation through interdependence. Animal Behaviour, 70(4), 901-908. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2005.02.006
Ruffman, T., Perner, J., Naito, M., Parkin, L., y Clements, W. A. (1998). Older (but not younger) siblings facilitate false belief understanding. Developmental Psychology, 34(1), 161–174. https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.34.1.161
Rubin, H. (2015). Genetic models in evolutionary game theory: the evolution of altruism. Erkenntnis, 80, 1175-1189. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10670-014-9718-6
Sear, R., y Coall, D. (2011). How much family matter? Cooperative breeding and the demographic transition Population and Development Review, 37(1),81-112. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1728-4457.2011.00379.x
Schweinfurth, M. K., y Taborsky, M. (2018). Relatedness decreases and reciprocity increases cooperation in Norway rats. Proceedings: Biological Sciences, 285(1874), 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2018.0035
Spake, L., Schaffnit, S., Sear, R., Shenk, M., Sosis, R., y Shaver, J. H. (2021). Mother’s partnership status and allomothering networks in the United Kingdom and United States. Social Sciences, 10(5), 182. https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci10050182
Skornia, A. K. (2015). Renegotiating the care of children and the elderly in the context of family migration. En E. Alber y H. Drotbohm (eds), Anthropological perspectives on care: work, kinship and the life-course (pp. 43-67). Palgrave McMillan.
Tomasello, M. (2020). The role of roles in uniquely human cognition and sociality. Journal for the Theory Social Behavior, (50), 2-19. https://doi.org/10.1111/jtsb.12223
Tomasello, M., & Gonzalez-Cabrera, I. (2017). The role of ontogeny in the evolution of human cooperation. Human Nature, 28(3), 274-288. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12110-017-9291-1
Tomasello, M., Melis, A., Tennie, C., Wyman, E., y Herrmann, E. (2012). Two key steps in the evolution of human cooperation. The interdependence hypothesis. Current Anthropology, 53(6), 673-692. https://doi.org/10.1086/668207
Turke, P. W. (1988). Helpers at the nest: childcare networks on Ifaluk. En L. Betzig, M. B. Mulder, y P. Turke (eds). Human reproductive behavior: a Darwinian perspective (pp. 173-188). Cambridge University Press.
Vaill, M., Kawanishi, K, Varki, N, Gagneux, P., y Varki, A. (2023) Comparative physiological anthropogeny: exploring molecular underpinnings of distinctly human phenotypes. Physiological Reviews, 103(3), 2171-2229. https://doi.org/10.1152/physrev.00040.2021
Warneken, F., y Tomasello. M. (2006) Altruistic helping in human infants and young chimpanzees. Science, 311(5765), 1301-1303. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1121448
Weisner, T., y Gallimore, R. (1977). My brother’s keeper: child and sibling caretaking. Current Anthropology, 18(2) 169-190.
Wilkinson, G. S. (1984). Reciprocal food sharing in the vampire bat. Nature, 308(5955), 181–184. https://doi.org/10.1038/308181a0
Wilkinson, G. S., Carter, G. G., Bohn, K. M., y Adams, D. M. (2016). Non-kin cooperation in bats. Philosophical Transactions: Biological Sciences, 371(1687), 1-8.
Yamamoto, S. (2016). Primate empathy: three factors and their combinations for empathy-related phenomena. WIREs Cognitive Science, 8(3), 1-20.