Efficacy of Scaling and Root Planning (SRP) on C-reactive Protein and Glycemic Control in Rural Adults of Dakshina Kannada

Abstract

Gradual and persistent destruction of the tooth and surrounding supporting structures is the key to the chronic inflammatory condition Periodontitis, aided from an imbalance in the oral biofilm environment. To evaluate the effect of non-surgical periodontal therapy on blood glucose levels and C-reactive protein in periodontitis patients, and to understand the co-relationship between periodontal well-being and glycemic parameters in subjects with periodontitis versus healthy periodontium. Forty-one patients (aged 25-50 years) were recruited from the outpatient department of periodontics at AB Shetty Memorial Institute of Dental Sciences. Subjects were divided into periodontitis (n=21) and healthy periodontium (n=20) groups. Periodontal clinical variables such as pocket probing depth (PPD) and clinical attachment loss (CAL ) were assessed using William's graduated periodontal probe and mouth mirror. Baseline and post treatment samples were assessed for blood glucose (HbA1c and FBS), and serum C-Reactive protein levels were analysed. A significant reduction in HbA1c levels from 6.07% to 5.95% following periodontal treatment (p<0.001). Fasting Blood glucose levels showed significant reduction from 90.10 mg/dL to 84.19 mg/dL post-treatment (mean difference: 5.90 mg/dL, p<0.001). This study demonstrates that systemic inflammation may be a potential mechanistic link between periodontitis and increased glycaemic parameters. Maintaining periodontal health could therefore play a beneficial role in the management of glycaemic parameters. Non-surgical periodontal treatment is effective in improving the systemic inflammatory markers as well as glycaemic and periodontal clinical parameters in periodontitis patients.