Efecto del precalentamiento, la barrera de glicerina y los protocolos de pulido sobre las características superficiales de resinas compuestas
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15517/m20fwq39Palabras clave:
Resina compuesta; Precalentamiento; Barrera de glicerina; Capa inhibida por oxígeno; Rugosidad superficial; Pulido.Resumen
El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la influencia del precalentamiento, la aplicación de una barrera de glicerina y los protocolos de pulido sobre la rugosidad superficial de resinas compuestas microhíbridas y con relleno submicrométrico. Ochenta terceros molares humanos extraídos fueron preparados con cavidades Clase I estandarizadas y restaurados con Enamel Plus HRi (microhíbrida) o Estelite Sigma Quick (relleno submicrométrico). Los especímenes se dividieron en grupos precalentados (55 °C) y no precalentados; posteriormente se asignaron a cuatro subgrupos: (1) solo pulido, (2) pulido + glicerina, (3) solo glicerina y (4) control. Todas las restauraciones fueron fotopolimerizadas con una unidad LED. La morfología superficial se analizó mediante microscopía electrónica de barrido (MEB) y se determinaron los valores de Ra. Los datos se analizaron mediante ANOVA de una vía y prueba post hoc de Tukey (p<0,05). La MEB mostró que los especímenes protegidos con glicerina presentaron superficies más limpias, con reducción de detritos asociados a la capa inhibida por oxígeno (OIL, oxygen-inhibited layer). El precalentamiento produjo de manera consistente superficies más lisas y menos porosas en todos los protocolos. El pulido redujo significativamente los valores de Ra en todos los grupos, observándose los valores más bajos en el grupo "pulido + glicerina" (0,83±0,01 µm en Enamel Plus HRi precalentado; 1,09±0,02 µm en Estelite Sigma Quick no precalentado). La aplicación de glicerina sin pulido mejoró la polimerización, pero no redujo significativamente los valores de Ra. Los controles presentaron la mayor rugosidad superficial (hasta 5,20±0,61 µm). En conjunto, la combinación de precalentamiento, aplicación de barrera de glicerina y pulido produjo las superficies de resina compuesta más lisas. La glicerina mejoró la química superficial al reducir la capa inhibida por oxígeno, mientras que el pulido fue esencial para nivelar las protrusiones del relleno y las irregularidades superficiales.
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