Factores clínicos, epidemiológicos y orales relacionados en pacientes con mucormicosis post-COVID-19: una revisión sistemática de reportes de casos
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15517/avtefb51Palabras clave:
Mucormicosis; Reportes de casos; COVID-19; Medicina oral; Revisión sistemática; Salud bucal.Resumen
La mucormicosis oral se ha convertido en un problema relevante debido al aumento de casos durante la pandemia de COVID-19, posiblemente asociado a la inmunosupresión inducida por corticosteroides. Este estudio revisa reportes de casos con el objetivo de identificar y describir los factores clínicos y epidemiológicos asociados a la mucormicosis post-COVID-19 desde una perspectiva odontológica. Se realizó una búsqueda exhaustiva en las bases de datos PubMed, Google Scholar, DOAJ y NIH Library, obteniéndose 32 reportes de casos relevantes a partir de un total inicial de 180. La edad promedio de los pacientes fue de 53 años, y el 21.9% presentó un diagnóstico confirmado de COVID-19 un mes antes de la detección de mucormicosis. El uso de corticosteroides se reportó en el 65.6% de los casos. Los síntomas más frecuentes fueron dolor (65.6%), tumefacción (21.9%) y dolor ocular (12.5%), siendo la anfotericina B el tratamiento más utilizado (59.4%). Se observaron manifestaciones orales como exposición del hueso maxilar (21.9%) y abscesos dentales (31.3%). Este estudio resalta una posible relación entre el uso de corticosteroides y la mucormicosis, a pesar de las limitaciones en la consistencia de los reportes y la escasa información de seguimiento, proporcionando información valiosa para el manejo clínico de la mucormicosis post-COVID-19.
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Derechos de autor 2025 Guillermo Cano-Verdugo, Manuel López Cabanillas-Lomelí, Myriam Angélica De la Garza-Ramos, Georgina Mayela Núñez-Rocha, José Ángel Hernández-Mariano, María Natividad Ávila-Ortíz.
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