Evaluación biomecánica de puentes fijos anteriores soportados por implantes combinados con prótesis parciales removibles de extensión distal
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15517/w62v5456Palabras clave:
Implantes dentales; Gancho; Aditamento de precisión; Barra; Locator®; Prótesis parcial removible; Análisis de elementos finitos.Resumen
Este estudio comparó el desempeño biomecánico de prótesis fijas anteriores soportadas por dos implantes, combinadas con prótesis parciales removibles de extensión distal (PPR-ED) (mandíbula, clase I de Kennedy) con retención mediante ganchos metálicos y aditamentos de precisión extracoronales, frente a sobredentaduras implantorretenidas convencionales con Locator® y con barra, bajo fuerzas de mordida posterior bilaterales vertical y oblicua, mediante análisis tridimensional de elementos finitos. Se analizaron cuatro diseños protésicos con diferentes sistemas de retención: una sobredentadura retenida con aditamentos Locator®, una sobredentadura retenida con barra, un puente fijo anterior soportado por implantes combinado con prótesis parcial removible retenida con retenedores tipo gancho, y un puente fijo anterior soportado por implantes combinado con prótesis parcial removible retenida con aditamentos de precisión. Los valores y distribuciones de tensiones se compararon entre los modelos mediante análisis tridimensional (3D) de elementos finitos (FEA). Los retenedores tipo gancho mostraron las concentraciones más bajas de tensión, mientras que los aditamentos de precisión exhibieron los valores más altos. Las sobredentaduras retenidas con barra demostraron mayores concentraciones de tensión en comparación con aquellas retenidas con Locator®. Los retenedores tipo gancho indujeron menores niveles de tensión sobre los implantes y tejidos periimplantarios, pero ocasionaron mayores tensiones en los tejidos posteriores en comparación con los aditamentos de precisión extracoronales en PPR-ED. Esta modalidad puede considerarse un tratamiento viable para pacientes que requieren un puente fijo anterior soportado por implantes por razones estéticas y psicológicas, contribuyendo a incrementar la autoconfianza del paciente.
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Derechos de autor 2026 Mesut Tuzlalı, Esma Başak Gül Aygün, Mustafa Kocacıklı, Hilal Şiriner Gümüş, Nagehan Baki.

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