Efecto de la relación entre la Matriz Extracelular y β-Catenina en la progresión de la Displasia Oral Epitelial a Carcinoma Oral de Células Escamosas
Palabras clave:
β-Catenina; Fibras elásticas; Colageno; Displasia epitelia 0ral; Carcinoma oral de células escamosas.Resumen
El objetivo del presente estudio es explorar el rol de β-catenina, las fibras elásticas y de colágeno en la progresión de la Displasia Oral Epitelial (DOE) hacia el Carcinoma oral de células escamosas (COCE). Se utilizaron seis muestras de mucosa oral, montados en bloques de parafina, los cuales se dividieron en: (Grupo I) control, (Grupo II) medio DOE, (Grupo III) DOE severo, (Grupo IV) COCE bien diferenciado, (Grupo V) COCE moderadamente diferenciado, (Grupo VI) COCE poco diferenciado. Las muestras se les realizó análisis histológico con hematoxilina-eosina, y análisis de inmunohistoquímica con marcadores para β-catenina. El Grupo I mostró tejido gingival normal. El Grupo II presentó algunas células basales y del estrato espinoso con núcleos pleomórficos. El Grupo III evidenció membranas celulares mal delimitadas. El Grupo IV mostró islas de epitelio queratinizadas. El Grupo V carecía de perlas de queratina. El Grupo VI presentó células epiteliales dispersas. La inmunorreactividad para β-catenina se observó intensa a nivel de la membrana en el Grupo I; localización moderada a nivel de membrana, citoplasma y núcleo en los Grupos II y III; en el Grupo IV localización moderada a nivel de núcleo y citoplasma, pero intensa en los Grupos V y VI. Las fibras colágenas se observaron densamente compactadas en los Grupos I y II, laxamente organizadas en los Grupos III y IV, y dispersas en los Grupos V y VI. Las fibras elásticas fueron escasas y delgadas en el Grupo I, abundantes en el Grupo II, numerosas en el Grupo III, cortas en los Grupos IV y V, y gruesas en el Grupo VI. La expresión de β-catenina y de las fibras elásticas se encontró aumentada, mientras que la formación de colágeno se observó disminuida a medida que progresaba la lesión desde una displasia epitelial oral (DEO) leve hasta un carcinoma escamoso poco diferenciado.
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