CD44+ Cells Influence Oral Squamous Cell Carcinomas in Two Comparative Age Groups

Villanueva-Sánchez, Francisco G.; González-Alva, Patricia; Rivera-Reza, Diana I.; Gaitán-Cepeda, Luis A.

doi:10.15517/y02p6708

Autores/as

Francisco G. Villanueva-Sánchez Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology Service, National School of Superior Studies-León, National Autonomous University of Mexico, León, Guanajuato, Mexico. Autor/a https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3567-5393
Patricia González-Alva Tissue Bioengineering Laboratory, Postgraduate Studies and Research Division, Faculty of Dentistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico. Autor/a https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6821-289X
Diana I. Rivera-Reza Department of Oral Medicine and Oral Pathology, Postgraduate Studies and Research Division, Faculty of Dentistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico. Autor/a https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7704-5598
Luis A. Gaitán-Cepeda Department of Oral Medicine and Oral Pathology, Postgraduate Studies and Research Division, Faculty of Dentistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico. Autor/a https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4777-6829

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15517/y02p6708

Palabras clave:

Células madre cancerosas; Células CD44+; Cáncer oral; Carcinoma oral de células escamosas; Frente de invasión tumoral.

Resumen

El cáncer de cabeza y cuello, sexta neoplasia maligna más frecuente mundialmente, presenta tasas elevadas de morbi-mortalidad, asociadas al retraso en el diagnóstico. Células madre cancerosas (CSCs) participan en progresión tumoral y en respuesta al tratamiento con implicaciones terapéuticas y pronósticas. CD44, una glicoproteína transmembrana ligada al cartílago, es un biomarcador de CSCs asociado a progresión tumoral y disminución en sobrevida. CSCs están involucradas en carcinogénesis oral de jóvenes. El objetivo de este estudio transversal retrospectivo fue identificar células CD44⁺ en casos de carcinoma oral de células escamosas (CCEO) en dos grupos de edad. Se identificaron 36 casos de OSCC en un servicio de enseñanza de diagnóstico histopatológico oral entre enero de 2005 y diciembre de 2019. Los casos se dividieron en: grupo joven (17 pacientes; ≤ 40 años) y grupo adulto/anciano (19 pacientes; ≥ 41 años). Se obtuvieron cortes histológicos para teñirse con hematoxilina-eosina y con inmunohistoquímica utilizando anticuerpo anti-CD44. En el grupo joven predominaron los varones (70%), siendo la encía la localización principal (9 casos). El grupo adultos/ancianos había más mujeres (52.5%), con 8 casos en la lengua. En ambos grupos predominaron COCEs bien diferenciado. En ambos grupos se identificaron en el estroma islas de células CD44⁺, caracterizadas por núcleos grandes basófilos con escaso citoplasma. No se encontró asociación significativa entre inmunoreactividad y edad, género, localización o grado de diferenciación (P > 0.05). La identificación de CD44⁺ puede contribuir a mejorar el diagnóstico y pronóstico del cáncer oral y eventualmente ser un blanco de terapia.

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