Eficacia de los aspirados de médula ósea en la regeneración ósea en comparación con los Injertos óseos convencionales: una revisión sistemática
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15517/resqjc21Palabras clave:
Injertos óseos; Aspirados de médula ósea; Regeneración ósea; Formación de hueso nuevo; Potencial osteogénico; Propiedades osteoinductoras; Propiedades osteoconductoras.Resumen
La búsqueda de un sustituto de injerto óseo superior al método de referencia, la obtención de injertos óseos autógenos, ha sido una preocupación para los dentistas durante décadas. Con el advenimiento de la ingeniería de tejidos, la búsqueda se ha centrado en sustitutos de injerto óseo con potencial osteogénico y propiedades osteoinductoras y osteoconductoras. Los aspirados de médula ósea (AMO) se han convertido en un posible complemento a los injertos óseos convencionales, que pueden mejorar sustancialmente el potencial de regeneración ósea de estos materiales. Esta revisión sistemática tiene como objetivo evaluar la literatura sobre la eficacia de los AMO en la neoformación ósea. Se realizó una búsqueda electrónica en las bases de datos PubMed, Web of Science y Scopus para identificar artículos publicados hasta septiembre de 2022. Se excluyeron los informes de casos, las series de casos, los comentarios, las cartas al editor, las revisiones narrativas o sistemáticas y los artículos en idiomas distintos del inglés. Los artículos se evaluaron con la herramienta ROB-II para ensayos controlados aleatorizados (ECA) para la evaluación del riesgo de sesgo. Para presentar los resultados, se utilizó la evaluación GRADE basada en el Manual Cochrane para la evaluación de la calidad y una tabla de resumen de hallazgos. En una búsqueda electrónica exhaustiva de 150 artículos de las tres bases de datos, siete estudios evaluaron la neoformación ósea en pacientes sanos parcialmente edéntulos sometidos a regeneración ósea con aspirados de médula ósea, en comparación con injertos óseos convencionales. Esta revisión concluye que la adición de aspirados de médula ósea produce resultados comparables a los del injerto óseo solo. Los resultados deben interpretarse con cautela debido a su baja calidad en la evaluación GRADE. Investigaciones futuras podrían proporcionar resultados que se puedan aplicar adecuadamente a poblaciones más amplias.
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Derechos de autor 2026 Hannah Kadic, Kamran H. Awan, Shilpa Bhandi, Frank W. Licari, Chiara Bramucci, Shankargouda Patil, Luca Testarelli, Dario Di Nardo.
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