Comparaciones de la base del cráneo en personas con labio leporino y paladar hendido, y maloclusiones esqueléticas clase I-III
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15517/sbtfry25Palabras clave:
Labio leporino; Paladar hendido; Maloclusión; Base craneal; Anomalía dental; (DeCS).Resumen
La morfología de la base del cráneo y sus variaciones provocan múltiples alteraciones no sólo en el espacio faríngeo, sino en la función respiratoria, fuerza masticatoria y relaciones oclusales. El objetivo fue comparar la morfología de la base craneal de personas con labio leporino y paladar hendido (CLP) no sindrómico con sujetos de control con maloclusión esquelética clase I y III. Estudio transversal retrospectivo basado en radiografías digitales laterales del cráneo. Los sujetos se clasificaron con CLP unilateral (UCLP) o bilateral (BCLP). Se realizaron comparaciones con maloclusión esquelética clase I y III. Las áreas triangulares se estimaron algebraicamente. Las correlaciones intra e Inter evaluador fueron altas (rho Spearman >0,98). Se utilizaron pruebas estadísticas no paramétricas, además de modelos ANCOVA y MANCOVA. Se incluyeron 238 individuos: 80 con maloclusión clase I, 80 con maloclusión clase III y 78 con CLP (31 BCLP y 47 UCLP). Del total, el 41,59% (n=99) eran mujeres. Las comparaciones de las longitudes y los ángulos medidos mostraron diferencias significativas entre grupos. Se observó que, cuanto mayor era la edad, mayor era la longitud de la base craneal anterior (NS) y posterior (SBa), con diferencias entre rangos de edad. Así mismo, se observó una longitud de base craneal menor y un ángulo de base craneal (NSBa) mayor en el grupo CLP en comparación con los otros. Los resultados de este estudio identificaron diferencias significativas en las mediciones de la base craneal entre los individuos con CLP y los con maloclusiones Clase I y III.
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Derechos de autor 2026 Salomón Yezioro-Rubinsky, Jaime Moreno-Chaparro, Julián Ruiz Pineda, Lina Escobar Márquez, Javier H. Eslava-Schmalbach.
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