Evaluación de la respuesta celular a andamios 3D con geometrías basadas en poliedros: icosaedro, dodecaedro e icosaedro truncado
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15517/gwcnhp88Palabras clave:
Ingeniería de tejidos; Andamios; Propiedades mecánicas; Impresión 3D; Poliedros; Respuesta celular.Resumen
La ingeniería tisular se ha enfocado en el desarrollo de andamios capaces de proporcionar soporte estructural, favorecer la adhesión celular y la distribución de células en su superficie, y promover la regeneración tisular. En este estudio, se diseñaron y fabricaron andamios basados en geometrías poliédricas de dodecaedro, icosaedro e icosaedro truncado utilizando ácido poliláctico (PLA) mediante impresión 3D por deposición fundida (FDM). La morfología y el tamaño de poro de los andamios fueron caracterizados mediante microscopía óptica, mientras que su comportamiento mecánico fue evaluado mediante ensayos de compresión uniaxial en orientaciones planas y verticales. Fibroblastos gingivales humanos (HGF) fueron cultivados sobre los andamios para evaluar la proliferación celular mediante ensayos WST-1 a 1, 3 y 7 días, así como la morfología y distribución celular mediante microscopía electrónica de barrido (SEM) y microscopía de fluorescencia después de 24 h. El análisis estadístico se realizó mediante un análisis de varianza (ANOVA) de una vía, seguido de la prueba post hoc de Tukey (p<0.05). Los resultados demostraron que la geometría y la orientación de carga influyeron significativamente en el comportamiento mecánico de las estructuras impresas. El andamio de icosaedro en orientación vertical presentó la mayor resistencia a la compresión (378.45±0.09 MPa), mientras que el icosaedro truncado mostró el mayor módulo elástico (147.07±2.13 MPa). La proliferación de HGF se mantuvo comparable a la del control en placa de cultivo durante los periodos evaluados. Las imágenes por SEM y microscopía de fluorescencia mostraron adhesión y distribución celular sobre todas las superficies de los andamios, aunque se observaron diferencias en la organización celular dependiendo de la geometría del andamio. Los resultados indican que las arquitecturas poliédricas influyen tanto en las propiedades mecánicas como en la respuesta celular de los andamios de PLA impresos en 3D.
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Derechos de autor 2026 Iriczalli Cruz-Maya, Rafael Álvarez-Chimal, Janeth Serrano-Bello, Jesús Ángel Arenas-Alatorre, Marco Antonio Álvarez-Pérez.
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Dirección General de Asuntos del Personal Académico, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
Números de la subvención DGAPA‑UNAM: PAPIIT program IG200826 -
Dirección General de Asuntos del Personal Académico, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
Números de la subvención DGAPA‑UNAM: PAPIIT program IN202924.
