Comparación de las propiedades físicas y mecánicas de termoplásticos fabricados mediante fabricación aditiva, resina impresa en 3D y materiales restauradores provisionales convencionales
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15517/kfjmxd89Palabras clave:
Materiales dentales; Impresión; Tridimensional; Polimetilmetacrilato; Resistencia a la flexión; Pruebas de dureza.Resumen
Comparar las propiedades físicas y mecánicas de una resina provisional impresa en 3D fabricada mediante procesamiento digital de luz (DLP) y de materiales termoplásticos fabricados mediante modelado por deposición fundida (FDM) con las de materiales restauradores provisionales convencionales. En los grupos de fabricación aditiva se evaluaron una resina provisional impresa en 3D, ácido poliláctico (PLA) y tereftalato de polietileno modificado con glicol (PETG) fabricados mediante FDM. Los materiales convencionales consistieron en una resina compuesta provisional bisacrílica y una resina de polimetilmetacrilato (PMMA). Todas las muestras (n=10 por grupo) se prepararon de acuerdo con las instrucciones correspondientes de los fabricantes. Se midieron la microdureza, la sorción de agua, la resistencia a la flexión y el módulo elástico al inicio y después de 14 días de almacenamiento en saliva artificial. Los datos se analizaron mediante métodos estadísticos paramétricos (p<0,05). La resina compuesta provisional bisacrílica mostró los valores más altos de microdureza Vickers y módulo elástico, la menor sorción de agua y una resistencia a la flexión comparable a la de la resina provisional impresa en 3D, pero significativamente mayor que la del PMMA. La resina provisional impresa en 3D presentó un comportamiento similar al de la resina bisacrílica y el PMMA en cuanto a microdureza y comportamiento flexural, pero mostró una mayor sorción de agua. El PLA y el PETG fabricados mediante FDM mostraron un menor rendimiento en las propiedades evaluadas (p<0,05). La resina compuesta provisional bisacrílica demostró el mayor rendimiento mecánico entre los materiales evaluados. La resina provisional impresa en 3D mostró propiedades comparables a las del polimetilmetacrilato, mientras que los materiales de ácido poliláctico y tereftalato de polietileno modificado con glicol fabricados mediante modelado por deposición fundida presentaron propiedades físicas y mecánicas inferiores.
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Derechos de autor 2026 Engin Saçu, Mehmet Can Ararat, Safa Tuncer, Mustafa Demirci, Neslihan Tekçe.
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