Cultivos de esferoides 3D y su papel en la regeneración ósea: una revisión sistemática

Autores/as

  • María Verónica Cuevas-González Tissue Bioengineering Laboratory, Postgraduate Studies and Research Division, Faculty of Dentistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), 04510 Coyoacán, México City, Mexico. Autor/a https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3112-4893
  • Fernando Suaste-Olmos Institute of Cellular Physiology, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico. Autor/a https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7013-7315
  • Juan Carlos Cuevas-González Department of Stomatology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Autonomous University of Ciudad Juárez, Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua, Mexico Autor/a https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6981-8025
  • Marco Antonio Álvarez-Pérez Tissue Bioengineering Laboratory, Postgraduate Studies and Research Division, Faculty of Dentistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), 04510 Coyoacán, México City, Mexico Autor/a https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1895-262X

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15517/ijds.2022.49151

Palabras clave:

Ingeniería de tejido óseo; Cultivo celular 3D; Esferoides; Células troncales mesenquimales; Ambientes de cultivos 3D; Regeneración ósea.

Resumen

Recientemente, la aplicación del cultivo 3D de esferoides se ha utilizado ampliamente en el tratamiento de defectos óseos. La variedad de metodologías para lograr los cultivos 3D de esferoides ha hecho compleja la comparación de resultados. Por tanto, esta revisión sistemática tiene dos objetivos: (i) realizar un análisis centrado en el papel de los cultivos 3D de esferoides en las estrategias de regeneración ósea; y (ii) abordar los principales desafíos en la aplicación clínica. Se realizó una búsqueda de las siguientes palabras clave "cultivo celular 3D", "esferoide" y "regeneración ósea" en las bases de datos PubMed, Scopus y ScienceDirect y se limitó a los años 2010-2020. Se incluyeron los estudios si su principal objetivo era el comportamiento de agregados celulares para generar las estructuras esferoidales desarrollados por diferentes técnicas de cultivo celular 3D enfocadas a la regeneración del tejido óseo. Para abordar el riesgo de sesgo de los estudios in vitro, se aplicó la herramienta del programa nacional de toxicología de Estados Unidos y se realizaron estadísticas descriptivas de los datos, con el programa SPSS V.22. Se incluyeron un total de 16 estudios, que cumplieron con los criterios establecidos correspondientes a estudios in vitro e in vitro/in vivo; la mayoría de estos estudios utilizaron células troncales para generar los esferoides celulares 3D. Los métodos más utilizados para la formación de los esferoides 3D fueron la superficie de baja adherencia y los métodos de rotación, asimismo, la línea celular de células troncales mesenquimales fueron las más utilizadas debido a su gran potencial regenerativo en el campo de la ingeniería de tejidos óseos. Aunque los avances en la investigación sobre el uso potencial de los cultivos celulares de esferoides 3D en la regeneración ósea han logrado grandes avances, la constante innovación en las metodologías de la generación de esferoides 3D deja claro que la aplicación clínica de estos permanecerá en el futuro como estrategia en la bioimpresión tisular.

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Publicado

2026-06-15