Odontología: rol en la transmisión del SARS-CoV-2 a través de bioaerosoles
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15517/ijds.2020.43411Palabras clave:
SARS-CoV-2; Aerosol; Bioseguridad; Saliva; Covid-19.Resumen
La práctica odontológica se enfrenta al cambio de paradigmas y modificación de protocolos en bioseguridad, aspecto este que se ha convertido en una variable a ser practicada por cada profesional como parte de su conducta en todo momento para poder sobrevivir como profesión ante la pandemia mundial que representa el riesgo de transmisión del nuevo coronavirus llamado COVID-19. Uno de los problemas de mayor importancia en bioseguridad dental lo representa la generación de bioaerosoles, debido a que son vectores que transportan microorganismos del exterior hacia dentro del organismo de las personas, lo cual genera un potencial riesgo ocupacional ya conocido en las ciencias odontológicas pero que se potencia con la transmisibilidad y patogenicidad del nuevo coronavirus. Hasta el momento se tienen muchas interrogantes sobre la transmisión a través de aerosoles del SARS-CoV-2 , por lo que el objetivo general de abordaje de esta revisión se centra en comprender los elementos científicos que rigen la aerodinámica de los bioaerosoles aplicados al entorno dental y como éstos pueden convertirse en un potencial diseminador del virus presente en la saliva al momento de realizar procedimientos odontológicos intraorales en pacientes infectados. La comprensión de la aerodinámica de los bioaerosoles nos ayuda a entender como el SARS-CoV-2 presente en el bioaerosol generado por procedimientos odontológicos en pacientes infectados puede variar en términos de viabilidad e infectabilidad al influir otros factores como lo son humedad relativa, temperatura, corrientes de aire, factores fisicoquímicos del bioaerosol y el sistema inmune del huésped.
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