Evaluación de si aplicado al suelo en el crecimiento, absorción y severidad de enfermedades en vivero de palma aceitera

Abstract

Si evaluation applied to soil in the growth, nutrient uptake and diseases severity in oil palm nursery. Si applied to soil in growth, nutrient uptake and diseases severity in oil palm nurseries was evaluated in the South Pacific of Costa Rica. The experiment consisted in the application of 30 g SiO2 of 2 serpentines (Simag and SMg), diatomaceous earth (SiF), soluble silicon (SKH) and 177 g SiO2 of feldspar (Llane) mixted with Eutric Inceptisol. The experiment design was randomized complete block with 6 treatments and 4 repetitions. The variables were evaluated at 85, 127, 176, 229, 261 and 304 days after planting (dds), and the percent of severity disease. Moreover, chemical soil and chemical foliar analysis were performed. The dry weight of plants was measured and the nutrient uptake was calculated. We found that the SiF treatment increased the tolerance toward CNF significantly, while the Simag increased plant growth. The highest accumulation of Si was presented mainly in Simag, test, SMg, SiF treatment and differs significantly (a:0,05) regarding SKH and Llane treatment. SKH was the only treatment that increased above 200 mg.l-1 the Si concentration in the soil. In 300 dds, the principal component analysis correlated the CNF with the Ca concentration in the soil, and presented an inverse behavior to the concentrations of Zn, K, P, Mn and positively correlated with time. We concluded that Si does not control the CNF, but the diatomaceous earth (SiF) increased the tolerance of CNF, because the plant uptakes micronutrients (Zn) from the soil easily. In addition, the SKH source increased the Si concentration in the soil.