Microbiota associated with banana cultivation in Costa Rica and other regions: concepts and implications for crop management

Abstract

Introduction. The microbiota is a diverse assemblage of microorganisms that, when associated with plants, provides key benefits such as disease suppression, tolerance to abiotic stress, and improved nutrient acquisition. In Costa Rica, research in this field has primarily relied on traditional methods, while the use of culture-independent approaches, such as high-throughput DNA sequencing, has been more limited. Objective. To analyse the microbiota associated with banana cultivation in Costa Rica and other regions, its relationship with plant health, and the implications of agricultural management practices on its diversity, composition, and functionality. Development. The reviewed studies have characterized the dynamics of the microbiota based on the plant’s phytosanitary status, its different compartments, and the implemented management practices. This review highlights agricultural strategies such as the application of biofertilizers and organic amendments, crop diversification, the use of plant cover, and the management of harvest residues, all aimed at enhancing beneficial microbiota, improving soil health, and reducing disease incidence. Conclusions. Research on banana microbiota has reaffirmed its relevance by demonstrating its interaction with plant health, edaphoclimatic conditions, and agricultural practices. The implementation of advanced tools, such as DNA sequencing, has enabled a more precise characterization of microbial communities. Although the use of these technologies remains limited in Costa Rica, the generated knowledge lays the foundation for future research and the development of more sustainable management strategies.