Research and conservation needs of Megalops atlanticus (Elopiformes: Megalopidae) in Costa Rica
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15517/mgds0n11Keywords:
catch and release fishery; fisheries management; habitat connectivity; migratory fish.Abstract
Introduction: Atlantic tarpon (Megalops atlanticus) (Elopiformes: Megalopidae) is a tropical-subtropical species that supports fisheries throughout its geographic range. The level of scientific knowledge is greatest along the Gulf of Mexico and southeastern Atlantic coasts of the United States. There are considerable knowledge gaps on tarpon biology, fisheries, and conservation for Costa Rica.
Objective: We summarize the status of knowledge of tarpon in the western Atlantic Ocean, Gulf of Mexico, and Caribbean Sea, to provide context for examining the status of knowledge, threats, and research needs for tarpon in Costa Rica.
Methods: During September 2025, we conducted a literature review and integrated expert knowledge to evaluate the status of tarpon fisheries and conservation. Additionally, we surveyed recreational anglers and fishing guides in Costa Rica (n = 39) to obtain baseline information on the recreational fishery.
Results: We found a marked decline in tarpon abundance in Costa Rica, and substantial uncertainty regarding population connectivity, with evidence suggesting a potentially localized contingent characterized by inland river migrations. Key knowledge gaps persist for movement, nursery habitats, and fisheries dynamics, while local ecological knowledge identifies watershed-scale habitat degradation and post-release mortality as principal threats. Despite high ecological and economic value, tarpon remain largely absent from national management frameworks.
Conclusions: Tarpon in Costa Rica may represent a vulnerable, partially localized population that is insufficiently understood and inadequately managed. Critical gaps in knowledge limit effective conservation, highlighting the urgent need for ecosystem-based, policy-integrated, and regionally coordinated management.
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