Frequencies and factors associated with pirA, pirB and Vibrio parahaemolyticus (Vibrionales: Vibrionaceae) in shrimps and farm waters of Costa Rica
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15517/ac8dr232Keywords:
AHNPD, pirA gene, Vibrio spp, diseases in shrimp, tlh geneAbstract
Introduction: Acute Hepatopancreatic Necrosis Disease (AHPND) has been reported in cultured shrimp in recent years and is associated with the bacterium Vibrio parahaemolyticus, containing a plasmid with the pirA and pirB genes that confer pathogenicity. Objective: To establish the presence of pirA, pirB and V. parahaemolyticus genes in postlarvae, juvenile shrimp, and water from farms in the dry and rainy seasons in Costa Rica, as well as to determine associated factors such as season of the year, farm, organ, pond water with the pirA gene, with the pirB gene or with the tlh gene, pond site, and time of shrimp collection. Methods: Two shrimp farms in Costa Rica were studied in 2021. A total of 72 juvenile shrimp samples, four groups of postlarvae, and 16 water samples were analyzed. The genes of pirA, pirB and V. parahaemolitycus (tlh +) were identified by qPCR, and associated factors were determined. Results: V. parahaemolitycus was identified in 33.3 % of the juvenile shrimp samples, in a group of postlarvae, and in 50 % of the water samples. In the shrimp samples 43 and 45 % were positive for the pirA and pirB gene amplicon, respectively. Of the water samples, 31.2 and 37.5 % were positive for the pirA and pirB gene amplicon, respectively. Two factors associated with V. parahaemolitycus bacteria (rainy season and tlh-positive water), and five factors associated with pirA and pirB genes (rainy season, presence of the tlh gene in water, pirA gene in water, pirB gene in water, and time of collection) were found. Differences in salinity values were found between dry and rainy season in water samples. Conclusions: The studied genes were successfully detected in shrimp and pond water samples collected during both seasons in Costa Rica. However, detection was more frequent during the rainy season.
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